...Grades in the realm of education are standardized measurements of varying levels of comprehension within a subject area. Grades can be assigned in letters (for example, A, B, C, D, or F), as a range (for example 4.0–1.0), as a number out of a possible total (for example out of 20 or 100), as descriptors (excellent, great, satisfactory, needs improvement), in percentages, or, as is common in some post-secondary institutions in some countries, as a Grade Point Average (GPA). GPA is calculated by taking the number of grade points a student earned in a given period of time divided by the total number of credits taken.[1] The GPA can be used by potential employers or further post-secondary institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative Grade Point Average is a calculation of the average of all of a student's grades for all semesters and courses completed up to a given academic term,[2][3][4] whereas the GPA may only refer to one term. Keith Hoskin argues that the concept of grading students' work quantitatively was developed by a tutor named William Farish and first implemented by the University of Cambridge in 1792.[5] Hoskin's assertion has been questioned by Christopher Stray, who finds the evidence for Farish as the inventor of the numerical mark to be unpersuasive.[6] Stray's article elucidates the complex relationship between the mode of examination (testing), in this case oral or written, and the varying philosophies of education these modes imply, both to teacher...
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... Morr/Pg.1 A Response to Steven Vogel “Grades and Money” Many students see grades as the single most important thing in life. But what about that other most important thing in life called money? It is easy to say that grades and money have a relationship between them. As a student myself, I can see the relationship between both of these. In Steven Vogel’s Grades and Money he makes many points that I agree with such as grades should be reports, GPA’s and grades are considered funny money. In Vogel’s essay he stated many great points about the relationship between grades and money. I strongly agree when Vogel states “What grades ought to be is a report, nothing more: how did the students do, how much did he or she learn, how much were his or her skills and critical self-consciousness and knowledge of the world expanded”? (Vogel 390). What Vogel’s trying to say in his text is that instead of giving out an A or a C, Let’s focus our attention on how the student has learned. Let’s see if the student learned anything at all. We have to remind ourselves that most students thrive off of knowing what their final grade will turn out to be. They need to know this to evaluate themselves, so they can be better students. I would agree with Vogel when he says grades should be a report. They should not determine whether we pass or fail a class. It is just a simple way for teachers to be able to grade quickly. Moreover, I feel this is true because when teachers handout...
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...something people have aspired toward. However, it is not a simple task to achieve such a thing, or so it seemed until recent years. Student averages have been steadily increasing, although standardized tests have shown that intelligence is actually decreasing (McCall, M., 2011). Grade inflation has been an increasing problem throughout higher education systems. If grade inflation persists, higher education can become nothing more than a simple novelty. Professors play a huge role in grade inflation throughout universities. Giving students bad grades in a class could reflect poorly on the teacher themselves. It could mean that the professor isn’t very good at the one thing they were hired to do- teach. In addition, if a professor is just beginning, they may not know quite what to expect from their students. They will tend to grade more lenient. However, as time goes on, they will become more experienced and start to see the difference between good work and bad (McCall, M., 2011). On top of that, professors don’t necessarily have a lot of job security, especially if they are adjunct professors. Students will typically get the chance to evaluate the professor at the end of the semester; if they were given bad grades, or even flunked, it would affect the way students evaluate that professor in a negative...
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...STI COLLEGE GLOBAL CITY Grade Viewer Application in Android for Sto. Niño Catholic School A Project Presented to The Faculty of STI College Global City In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology By: Bonifacio, John Francis J. – A705 Cabalza, Dominador III M. – A705 Mante, Sherwin T. – A705 Pasamonte, Kim D. – A705 July 3, 2016 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Today, android smartphone users mostly can access the internet, can easily look for information on the web and can install hundred and thousands of apps available in play store. Internet is connecting people everywhere. Accessing the internet using android smartphone became particularly common and the internet became part of our daily lives. Android smartphone users became the primary consumer of everything that is shared online. With the help of the database, android smartphone and internet users can actually help you visualize the actual grade for an instant and fast monitoring advancement, benefiting the teachers, students, and parents particularly overseas guardians. Grade Viewer Application in Android can be considered as a way of better for viewing of grades. This system store data online and display the data thru android application. COMPANY PROFILES Sto. Niño Catholic School (SNCS) is a catholic private school in Sampaloc St., Zone 1, Signal Village, Taguig City. It was started in 1988 as preparatory school with only 28 kindergarten...
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...in the reading part. She mainly states her opinion on the thought that if the twins were treated and brought up in absolute equal conditions it maens that their identical preferences are the cause of the same environment, not in case of natural reasons. To sum up, the professor is not sure about usefulnes of the mentioned research. Independent. The question of evaluating of a knowledge was always vital for a study process that is why the type of grading is really important. Some course grades are based solely on exams, at the same time some of the class grades are based more on participation. In my opinion, grades based on exams are better. The arguments for my point of view are listed as follows. Only exam shows the real knowledge of the student. I mean that only during exam based on writing or speaking form a professor could find out if the student understands and knows the subject or not. The best example of such a class based on exam grade could be the Maths, because even if the student had a good participation it does not mean that she understands the...
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...5th Grade Bites “Treat others the way you want to be treated.” exclaimed Dr. McCammon our school principal. “Don’t be mean to somebody unless you want them to treat you like that.” “The school-wide no bullying assembly didn’t last much longer than that.” I said to my mom as we were preparing to eat dinner. As we bustled around the kitchen singing and laughing, my mother said, “Listen to what they tell you. Be the good little daughter that I raised you to be. If someone is mean to you, turn the other cheek, be the bigger person. Please try not to get into fights at school, you don’t need those kinds of problems.” “I won’t I promise.” I reassured her as we sat down to eat. Tomorrow was my second day of school, I guess you can say first because today was a half day. I was really nervous, we had only introduced ourselves to our homeroom class and I didn’t know anybody. Sure the occasional familiar face from the past years but none of my friends were here with me. Last year was truly awful and I was praying, hoping, and wishing that my year would turn out to be good. As I lie down in my bed, I couldn’t stop thinking about how truly terrible 4th grade was. So many lies and betrayals. “This year will be different,” I reassure myself. “Treat others the way you want to be treated” kept floating through my mind. “Be good my little darling, be good.” My mothers words swarmed through my head like flies darting to the nearest source of water. The last thing I remember...
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...to get points so I recommend speaking up in class so that the teacher remembers you quickly and that you can earn points easily. The IRA’s are important assignments so I would recommend taking your time and making sure you read over what you have written so all your thoughts connect together. Glo-bus is a team-oriented project, which requires you and your team members to work outside of class, so I would recommend teaming up with kids that you know from previous classes. Finished documents should be reviewed and revised before passing into the professor for a better grade. Situation Analysis: Business policy is said to be the hardest course in the business school. It is considered to be the capstone course, which encompasses all the knowledge we’ve accumulated thus far in the business school. Martin passed the course, but he could have put more effort in in certain areas, which could have boosted his grade...
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...Giving Up the Grade by David Noble Structure of argument Main idea: Noble strongly supports the idea of not grading students at institutions of higher learning. 1) Grading serves the teacher rather than students and merely transfers teachers’ anxieties of their own abilities to questioning students’ abilities. 2) Grading serves the purpose of classifying students into potential employees/workers of different abilities, which should not be the responsibility of higher learning institutions. 3) Students would be learning and be truly educated. Without anxiety or fear of a backlash from grades, intellectual excitement becomes the focus in education. 4) Time is better utilized for learning, as time is not wasted on discussing evaluation. 5) Students need not worry about what the teacher wants, but rather can concentrate on their own thoughts and enriching their own knowledge. Students take themselves and their thoughts seriously, increasing self confidence and self respect. 6) Students do not need to compete among themselves, and hence self-worth is not measured according to the curve but according to their own learning. Evaluation In support of the author’s position: 1) Grades can prevent ‘real’ learning, as students can just regurgitate what the teacher wants without truly comprehending or critically thinking through. Noble notes that ‘the elimination of grades at a stroke shifts academic attention from evaluation to education, where it belongs’. Hence...
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...How to Create Pay Grades Introduction While there are no regulations or set standards regarding the establishment of pay grades, there are some basic, customary steps involved in doing so. Key components in establishing and maintaining pay grades include: * Getting a commitment and participation from management and/or the executive team in establishing company minimum and maximum pay for the organization. * Using the company’s compensation philosophy to create pay grades that support that philosophy (will you lead the market, lag the market or pay at market?). * Determining how often you will adjust grades due to inflation or market changes going forward. The purpose of this guide is to provide a basic set of steps for creating a pay grade system for an organization. This guide is intended for general use and should be tailored to meet each organization’s specific needs. The guide assumes that salary survey information has been obtained for all benchmark positions and that job evaluation (if desired) has already been conducted. Step 1: Establish overall pay range Determine a company minimum and a company maximum pay. The minimum will be for the first and lowest grade and the maximum will be for the last and highest grade. Use a listing of all company positions or job groups and current salary survey data relative to those positions to set these parameters and incorporate the company’s compensation philosophy to lead, lag or pay at market. (Paying at...
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...Grade Inflation: C is the new A Sabas Orona Jr. Del Mar College Psychology 2301 Regina Weir March 23, 2015 Grade Inflation: C is the new A Have you ever wondered why your grade has been different from a friend or classmates’ when you both have studied the same material in the same class? Could it be that one of you is a better student or that your instructor is participating in grade inflation? Hopefully by the end of this paper you will have a better understanding of this growing phenomenon. Merriam-Websters dictionary (Merriam-Webster, 2015) defines grade inflation as a rise in the assignment of a grade that previously would have received a lower one. There have been some studies in the past few years regarding grade inflation in American universities and colleges and the affects it might be having on a student’s grade point average (GPA) and on the institutions grading system itself (Abbott, 2008) (Jewell & McPherson, 2012) (Miller, 2014). Some studies have shown that the trend of grade inflation started in the 1960’s (Jewell & McPherson, 2012). A popular theory is that the Vietnam War, which was highly unpopular at the time, played a major role in grade inflation (Miller, 2014). It is believed that sympathetic college professors gave their students higher grades to keep them from being drafted into the military. By having the students keep a higher GPA the students were then able to keep their draft deferments, thus allowing them to avoid the draft and...
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...The first selection of the chapter “Getting The Grades” talks about how you need to have good grades. You need good grades so you can have a high GPA (Grade Point Average), if you have a high GPA and you apply for a job you will have a higher chance of getting the job because the employer will see you are intelligent, committed, and organized. The second selection “How Good Do Your Grades Have To Be” mentions how you need to work hard on your GPA. You have to get a 4.0 GPA average or all A’s in order to get into the school you wish and in order for you to succeed after college. The third selection “Understanding Professors” talks about how each professor is different and how you need to learn to adapt to them. For example our last professor...
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...Case Study 11: Should a Computer Grade Your Essays? The case study discusses the April 2013 launch of Harvard/MIT’s joint venture MOOC (massively open online course) essay scoring program, utilizing AI (artificial intelligence) technology to grade educational essays and short answers, with immediate feedback and ability to revise, resubmit, and improve grades. In 2012, a group of colleagues, Les Perleman, Mark Shermis, and Ben Hamner, introduced over 16,000, K7-12 standardized school tests to the AES (automated essay scoring software) to compare results of hand-scored essays; the results appeared to produce a more accurate grade, however, no official statistical studies were performed to accurately maintain the claim. Essay Raters (e-Rater), developed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), allowed Perelman to access, and analyze the technology. ETS uses vocabulary and content to score criteria, such as essay length, conjunctive adverb usage, and large word usage, in combination with paper and word length, words per sentence, and word complexity. The downside is the programs’ inability to differentiate factual from nonfactual information, intent, or meaning. Some educators banned to form the group, Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment; they are concerned educators will reduce writing standards to conform to software constraints. Laudon & Laudon further discuss the probability of lost jobs due to computers taking the...
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...of information (Ching, 2013). A grading system plays a key role in the management system of any school. But, such systems do not often relate expectations, outcomes, and performance. Each of student desires to achieve a good score for each assignment, exam, project and report, the whole process adds heavy workload for teachers in order to make their evaluation fair, comprehensive, and accurate. Grading system are designed to provide incentives for achievement and assist in identifying problem areas of a student. It is the most commonly used means of analyzing student performance, talents, and skills. Student’s grades are vital information needed in advancing to the next grade/year level its accuracy is very important (Barreno, 2014). The purpose of this study is to reduce the workload of the teachers by eliminating the manual computation and recording of the grades of the student. The common problems encountered in manual computations are errors in file-handling and redundancy. Furthermore, this study aims to produce a workable - grading system that will address these issues. 1.1 Background of the Study Technology has a really big part of our lives. In today’s generation, almost everyone depends on technology that we are using like computers, cellphone, fax machines, photocopy machines and tablets. Technology is evolving so quickly that in the future it may difficult to the next generation, because they can’t stand on their own, and they will just depend on using technologies...
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...SNAP SHOT OF FIRST GRADE Do you remember starting the first grade? It was your first year of going to class all day. It was a little scary because you were now a big kid. But, it was also exciting for the same reason. First grade promises a lot of firsts for the students which makes for a very unique and interesting year. First graders are an exciting group of students. They go through changes often. It’s during this time that they hit a growth spurt and feel a little awkward physically. They develop the need to have a “best” friend and even hang out away from school. First graders are always keeping you on your feet with off the wall questions and concerns. Students at this age need to be shown a lot of patience, acceptance, and reassurance. At this age, the responsibilities of school alone become stressful to them. First graders depend on a structured environment to create a comfort zone for them. They love the idea of having a routine. Most of them wake up in the mornings just in time to brush their teeth, comb their hair, and eat their bowl of cereal before going to school. But, some of them like to have a more laid back morning. They like to get up early, watch a TV show to wake up, and then get ready for the day. Either way, the routine transfers right into school work. Having a daily routine makes the students feel stable and lets them build up a comfort zone. First graders are very active and growing very quickly, along with their physical activity....
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...Good grades are crucial to getting into a college, especially the one of your choice. To get stellar academical reviews, it takes perseverance and hard work. If you make a habit early in life to get good grades, you will always do well in schools. Once you get into college, academic success means a better job. Maybe even getting the certification to start your own business if you have the right grades. If you have deficient grades, there will be consequences. Hard work is very much needed for good grades, also. You just cannot wake up one morning with straight A's. For well-founded grades, there are many causes. Here are a few invocations for superior academic prosperity. To graduate high school, most schools require you to...
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