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Gravity

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Submitted By kayadihat
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Dihat Kaya 05/20/14
(Zirve Üniversitesi-İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi)

GRAVITY: Felsefe Bilim ve Sinema

Bilim kurgu filmleri dediğimizde akla sıklıkla fütüristtik uzay mekikleri, robotlar veya diğer teknolojiler eşliğinde; dünya dışı yaşam formları, yabancı gezegenler ve zaman yolculuğu gibi hayali fenomenler akla gelir.

1968 yılında vizyona bir film geldi ve tüm algıları değiştirdi. Stanley Kubrick 2001: A Space Odyssey filmi ile, geçmişten günümüze siyasal ve toplumsal konularda toplumsal eleştiri yaparak "bizi insan yapan şeyin ne olduğu" gibi felsefi konuları irdeledi. İnsanoğlunun evrimini Darvinci bir bakış açısıyla karikatürize eden 2001: A Space Odyssey sık sık söylendiği gibi bilimkurgu sinemasının şimdilik en yetkin örneği.

2000’li yıllara geldiğimizde her çektiği filmle adından söz ettiren bir yönetmen karşılıyor bizi. Çektiği 2006 tarihli Children of Men (Son Umut) filmi ile Hollywood’daki yönetmen sineması çıtasını yükseğe çeken Alfonso Cuaron, son filmi Gravity (Yerçekimi) ile bu çıtaya bir basamak daha koydu.

Cuaron’un hikaye anlatıcılığındaki eşsiz becerileri ve üst düzey teknik başarıları ile başyapıt statüsüne girebilecek Gravity, uzay görevleri sırasında, uzay gemilerinin hasar görmesi sonucu iki astronotun hayatta kalma mücadelesini konu almaktadır. Dr. Ryan Stone (Sandra Bullock) zeki bir tıp mühendisidir ve emekliliğinden önce son görevine çıkan yetenekli ve deneyimli astronot Matt Kowalsky (George Clooney )'nin yönetimindeki mekikte ilk uzay yolculuğuna çıkar. Her şey yolunda gibi görünürken rutin bir keşif yürüyüşü sırasında bir felaket yaşanır. Mekik çarpan bir cisim sonucu paramparça olur. İki bilim insanı uzay boşluğunda yapayalnız kalırlar. Yeryüzü ile iletişimleri tamamen kopmuştur ve sonsuz karanlıkla baş başadırlar. Şimdi korkunun yerini panik alır, üstelik var olan sınırlı oksijenleri de gitgide tükenmektedir. Tek başına kalan Dr. Ryan Stone’un eve, dünyaya dönüş macerasıdır.

Tek planda çekilen ve sizi filmin içine çeken 13 dakikalık ilk sahne ile çok hoş bir yolculuğa başlıyorsunuz. Alfonso filme yüklediği felsefe ve çekim teknikleri ile eleştirmenler tarafından Stanley Kubrick’in 2001: A Space Odyssey filmi ile kıyaslanılıyor. Kubrick’in evrimi ve yeniden doğuşu, var oluşu sorgulayan bakış açısına yaklaşmaya çalışan Cuaron, pek çok kez seyircisini ters köşeye yatırarak bitirmediği filminde özellikle final bölümünde benzer bir tematik duruş yakalamaya çalışsa da bu yönden üstatla yarışamıyor.

"Yeniden Doğuş" Seremonisi Alfonso Cuaron filmde imgeleri çok güzel kullanarak bizi adeta bir yaratılış serüveninin içine çekiyor. Filmde Stone haricinde hiçbir karakterin Soyuz uzay aracına ulaşamadığını görüyoruz. Aynı bir embriyo gibi gittikçe büyüyen Stone'un anne karnına yerleşmesinin alegorisi ise karakterin uzay aracına girmesiyle yapılıyor. Uzay aracına girdikten hemen sonra giysilerini çıkarmaya başlayan karakterin yerçekimi bulunmayan bu ortamda yavaşça cenin pozisyonunu aldığını fark etmemek neredeyse imkansız. Alfonso, Stone'un göbek kısmında bulunan ipi de adeta bir göbek bağı gibi resmederek her şeyi daha açık bir hale getirmiş. Bana göre filmin en önemli iki sahnesinden biri. Bu arada film boyunca arka planda duyulan kalp atışlarına da dikkat etmek gerek. Telsizle iletişim kurmaya çalışan Stone'un telsize takılan ninni sesiyle adeta anne karnından çıkmaya korkan bir bebek gibi içine kapanan Stone'un söyledikleri telsizin diğer ucuna ulaşmadığını görüyoruz. Kowalski'nin Stone'u yaşamaya ikna ettiği bir sahnede insanların öleceklerine bilmelerine rağmen sahip oldukları yaşama hevesine hiç olmadığımız gibi tanıklık ediyoruz. Umut denilen kavramın insanın doğasında bulunduğunu bu şekilde anlatıyor bize Cuaron.

Filmin başında dış sesleri duymayan Stone'un zamanla dış seslere daha duyarlı hale geldiği, nefes alıp vermesinin aynı bir bebek gibi hızlandığı ve hatta bir ara "anne" dediğini duyduğumuz filmde doğum anı da uzay aracının dünyaya düştüğü sahneyle gerçekleşiyor adeta. Karakterin "dünyaya geldiği" bu sahnede uzay aracının gittikçe hızlanmasıyla yaşanan ısı artışı dünyaya gelmenin zorluğunu temsil etmekte. Bana göre diğer en önemli sahne. Her şeyin daha anlaşılır hale gelmesi ise okyanusa iniş yapan uzay aracının su almaya başlamasıyla başlıyor. Aynı yeni doğmuş bir bebek gibi ilk başlarda nefes alamayan Stone'un suyun dibinden çıkmasının hemen ardından çıktığı anda ışığı yüzünde hissedip ağlamakla karışık gülmeye başlaması açıkçası bu durumu fazlasıyla açık bir hale getirmiş. Bu sırada "yerçekimi" dolayısıyla ayaklarını yere basmakta zorlanan Stone'un iniş yaptığı dünyanın ıssız bir yer olduğuna da dikkat etmek gerek. İnsanların neresi olduğunu bilmediği bir dünyaya geldiklerini bu şekilde seyirciye sunan usta yönetmenin yaptığı "yeniden doğuş" seremonisi bizi büyülüyor adeta.

İzlerken Dünya’yı 3D (üç boyutlu) bir şekilde böylesine net göstererek beni adeta büyüledi film. Alfonso Cuaron ne kadar iyi bir yönetmen olduğunu göstermiş filmde. Bu başarısını Oscar töreninde de sergiledi. Gravity ABD film endüstrisinin en önemli ödüllerinden biri olan Oscar’da, 2014 yılının en çok ödül kazanan film oldu. 7 tane ödül kazanan Cuarón’ın filmi en iyi yönetmen, film müziği, kamera, görsel efekt, kurgu ile ses kurgusu ve ses miksaj ödüllerini topladı. Gravity de akademinin siyasi kararlarının kurbanı oldu. Hakkettiği en iyi film ödülünü12 Years a Slave (12 Yıllık Esaret) filmine kaptırdı.

Bilimkurgu sinemasının altın çağını geride bırakalı çok oldu. İnception’ın yaratıcılığı, Avatar’ın görkemi varsa Gravity’nin de nefes kesen gerilimi ve var. Cuaron’un filmi son dönem bilimkurgu sinemasında pek çok taşı yerinden oynattı. İçinde felsefe, bilim ve sanatı barındıran bu film uzun süre akıllardan çıkmayacak anlaşılan izlemeyenler hiç vakit kaybetmesin bence.

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