...COMPUTER ASSIGNMENT CASE STUDY-GREEN DATA CENTERS: GOOD FOR BUSINESS? Nita Adhikari BBA-1st SEMESTER Section B Green data centers: Good for business Synopsis This case all deals about bringing the concept of green computing and cost reduction in business field. The case revolves around how to minimize the cost of power consumption and efficiently use different improved tools and technique’s such as virtualization in data centers.it even visualize some of the world’s prominent firms like Microsoft, Google and Facebook; how have they used the concept of green computing that helps in business market even. Case Facts 1. Power and cooling costs for data centers have highly risen. 2. The power consumption for cooling the server has negative impact on the environment. 3. The efficient energy of data center is measured in Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). 4. The lower PUE is better, 1.0 is the desirable target, which traditionally was 2.0, and newly they designed for 1.5 and much better are emerging. 5. PUE is influenced by many factors, including hardware efficiency, data center size, the types of servers and their uses, the proficiency of monitoring software. 6. Union pacific, the largest North American Rail road, implemented Microsoft windows server 2008 virtualization, in order to use the computing resources more efficiently. Previously it had run an application per server which underutilized all the resources. By 2009, it created 380 virtual...
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...The Green Grid is an association of IT professionals seeking to dramatically raise the energy effi ciency of datacenters through a series of short-term and long-term proposals. This is an update to the very fi rst white paper published by the Green Grid in February 2007 called “Green Grid Metrics: Describing Data Center Power Effi ciency” to refi ne the nomenclature and intent of that paper. In that paper, The Green Grid proposed the use of Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and its reciprocal, Datacenter Effi ciency (DCE) metrics, which enable datacenter operators to quickly estimate the energy effi ciency of their datacenters, compare the results against other datacenters, and determine if any energy effi ciency improvements need to be made. Since then PUE has received broad adoption in the industry but DCE has had limited success due to the misconception of what data center effi ciency really means. As a result, this paper re-affi rms the use of PUE but redefi nes its reciprocal as datacenter infrastructure effi ciency (DCiE). This refi nement will avoid much of the confusion around DCE and will now be called DCiE. In the long term, The Green Grid is developing metrics to measure data center productivity as well as effi ciency metrics for all major power-consuming subsystems in the datacenter. To promote these metrics and drive greater datacenter energy effi ciency for businesses around the world, The Green Grid will publish future white papers that provide detailed...
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...Green Data Centers: Introduction: Data center is a warehouse where we can store, manipulate, manage and disseminate the data. All the data handling equipment consume a huge amount of energy. To run a data center, it needs power or energy i.e. electricity. It has some effects on surroundingswhich can be either environmental for example CO2 emission, heat etc. or non-environmental decrease in efficiency. In order to make it efficient with both aspects environmental and non environmental there are some mechanisms so that a data center could be energy efficient and environment friendly. We can call it green data centers. Digital data grows tremendously day by day. Growth of data demands of data center for storage and management purposes. According to a report, digital data will increase approximately 44 times of current situation, which increases demand of data centers. Power consumption by data centers will increase accordingly,which causes different problems in addition with CO2 emission. Another report says that CO2 emission from data centers may exceed from any air line CO2 emission by 2020.which is an alarming situation for data centers. So, there is a need of such data centers which are energy efficient as well as environment friendly to meet the needs of present situation. Data centers which will not update their status with the need of time have risk to pay more than double for the same amount of energy requirements. Therefore, there is a need for making data centers...
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...Green Computing Research Project By Greg Smith CIS 517 Professor Elkhatib 10/18/2011 Project Title: Green Computing Research Project Project Start Date: October 18, 2011 Projected Finish Date: April 20, 2012 Budget Information: The firm has allocated $500,000 for this project. The majority of costs for this project will be both internal resources and external resources (if needed) providing the skill sets needed to provide expertise in green computing solutions. Project Manager: Greg Smith (757) 713-4425, gregosmith@myemail.com Project Objectives: Develop an effective solution in providing more cost effective, energy efficient means of producing computer products and meeting the energy needs of the data center in an effort to reduce the energy cost. Find ways to reduce data storage issues by considering cloud computing to reduce costs in additional storage hardware and labor hours required to maintain physical data storage usage. External consultants will be utilized as subject matter experts in green computing contributing ideas in the initial planning and development stage in assisting in providing technological concepts used to facilitate a green computing environment. The company will also consult with members of the Green Grid in providing green technology solutions to datacenters.” As business demands increase, so does the number of data center facilities which house a rising amount of powerful IT equipment. Data center managers...
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...CAse Study REPORT PUE DATA CENTER EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT Introduction One of the metrics used for measuring datacenter efficiency is Power Usage Effectiveness, or PUE. PUE compares the power consumption for the entire facility with the power consumed by the core IT components—servers, storage and network equipment. This ratio illustrates how effectively the power being consumed translates into net compute capacity. Mathematically, the calculation is straightforward: For example, if one watt is being consumed by the servers and one watt is being consumed for the supporting cooling, power back up and other administrative use, the ratio would be 2.0—which is where most datacenters operate. The theoretical ideal PUE is 1.0, where the only energy consumed is for computation. The value of this metric is that it focuses on the non-value added use of power, which in a datacenter is anything that doesn’t compute or store information. PUE = Total Facility Power/ IT Equipment Power Below is an Example to calculate the PUE: Having a facility that uses 100,000 kW of total power of which 80,000 kW is used to power your IT equipment, would generate a PUE of 1.25. The 100,000 kW of total facility power divided by the 80,000 kW of IT power Total Facility Power is defined to be “power as measured at the utility meter”. IT Equipment Power is defined as “the load associated with all of the IT equipment”...
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...better outcomes Green Computing Environmentally Sustainable Infrastructure Design Green Maturity Model for Virtualization Application Patterns for Green IT Architecture Journal Profile: Udi Dahan Profiling Energy Usage for Efficient Consumption Project Genome: Wireless Sensor Network for Data Center Cooling Green IT in Practice: SQL Server Consolidation in Microsoft IT Contents Foreword by Diego Dagum 1 18 Environmentally Sustainable Infrastructure Design by Lewis Curtis A comprehensive understanding of environmental sustainability needs for IT infrastructure system design. 2 Green Maturity Model for Virtualization by Kevin Francis and Peter Richardson The authors present a study on the maturity of virtualization practices and offer a sustainability roadmap for organizations planning a green agenda. 9 Application Patterns for Green IT by Dan Rogers and Ulrich Homann A complete analysis on power-efficient applications design, considering tools that help the architect achieve scalability without deriving in energy waste. 16 Architecture Journal Profile: Udi Dahan For this issue’s interview, we catch up with Udi Dahan, noted expert on SOA and .NET development, and four-time Microsoft MVP. 22 Profiling Energy Usage for Efficient Consumption by Rajesh Chheda, Dan Shookowsky, Steve Stefanovich, and Joe Toscano This article suggests that tracking energy consumption at every level will become the factor of success for green architecture practitioners...
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...better outcomes Green Computing Environmentally Sustainable Infrastructure Design Green Maturity Model for Virtualization Application Patterns for Green IT Architecture Journal Profile: Udi Dahan Profiling Energy Usage for Efficient Consumption Project Genome: Wireless Sensor Network for Data Center Cooling Green IT in Practice: SQL Server Consolidation in Microsoft IT Contents Foreword by Diego Dagum 1 18 Environmentally Sustainable Infrastructure Design by Lewis Curtis A comprehensive understanding of environmental sustainability needs for IT infrastructure system design. 2 Green Maturity Model for Virtualization by Kevin Francis and Peter Richardson The authors present a study on the maturity of virtualization practices and offer a sustainability roadmap for organizations planning a green agenda. 9 Application Patterns for Green IT by Dan Rogers and Ulrich Homann A complete analysis on power-efficient applications design, considering tools that help the architect achieve scalability without deriving in energy waste. 16 Architecture Journal Profile: Udi Dahan For this issue’s interview, we catch up with Udi Dahan, noted expert on SOA and .NET development, and four-time Microsoft MVP. 22 Profiling Energy Usage for Efficient Consumption by Rajesh Chheda, Dan Shookowsky, Steve Stefanovich, and Joe Toscano This article suggests that tracking energy consumption at every level will become the factor of success for green architecture practitioners...
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...Discuss three major drivers that motivate organizations to introduce green IT initiatives. The idea of green technology has been around for many years following the trend of green movement which has been raising its hype over the past decade. Green IT refers to the study and practice of using computers and IT resources in a more efficient and environmentally responsible way (McCabe, 2009). It focuses on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by the Earth’s growing population. Mainly this means creating fully recyclable products, reducing pollution, proposing alternative technologies in various fields, and creating a center of economic activity around technologies that benefit the environment (Gingichashvili, 2007). Molla (2008) identified three generic forces that can influence the adoption of Green IT — economic forces, regulatory forces, and ethical forces. Economic forces refer to the need for pursuing internal efficiency and market performance (Molla, et al., 2009). A research reveals that cost is the overriding factor for 70% of small businesses IT decision makers to invest in green technologies (Silcock, 2010). Green technology offers the same functionality as traditional technology, and for much the same up-front price. However, it also adds a host of additional benefits in terms of costs, technology and its influence on the organization. For example, green networking switches use less energy and so generate less heat....
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...reduce data center power consumption? What value of PUE should data center managers strive for? * Power usage effectiveness (PUE) PUE=TOTAL FACILITY ENERGY/ IT EQUIPMENT ENERGY. * PUE is a measure of how efficiently a computer data center uses energy. Especially, how much energy is used by the computing equipment in contrast to cooling and other overhead. * The data center managers strive close to 1.0 PUE. 2. Describe the five methods recommended by Google for reducing power consumption. * Managing of the air flow (eliminate mixing hot and cool air), using CFD analysis by finding hot spots * Computer room air conditioning, increase air flow quality. * Meet locker curtains, separate hot and cool aisle. * Adjust thermostat, increase the temperature of cold aisle. * Utilize free cooling. * Optimize power distribution, uninterruptible power supply. 3. How much of the world’s global greenhouse gases are the result of computing? List several factors that will tend to retard or accelerate data center power consumption both globally and in the United States. About 2% of the worlds global greenhouse gasses are a result of computing. Of that 2%, the data center is responsible of about 15%. One method companies can use to conserve energy is to move data centers to places where it’s easier to power them. One example of this is moving to a place that has cooler temperatures. The lower temperature allows for the centers to not...
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...of the most significant energy cost is linked to the use of its data center. Because Bayer is a company whose success depends on the preservation of its intellectual property, they absolutely must keep their privileged information in their own data center and this data needs to have a high level of redundancy to make it reliable (Smith, 2011). A global analysis of the costs of running Intel based data centers, which is the dominant company used in the field, has shown a rise of 400% of the costs linked to cooling and power. This modern dilemma brings forth a brand new kind of trade-off, save costs without sacrificing reliability. This situation can be easily understood when you know that: “93% of companies that lost access to their corporate data centre for ten days or more due to a disaster filed for bankruptcy within one year of the disaster; with 50% of businesses that found themselves without data management for this same time period filed also filed for bankruptcy” (Smith, 2011). This situation is sadly not easily avoidable, research has shown that in 2011, 70% of the data centers experienced disruption related to power usage at enormous costs in productivity loss and technical support (Hengst, 2008). One of the reasons we have chosen Bayer for our study is that it is a proven trailblazer when it comes to improving its processes and efficiently using new technologies to create green data centres. “A green data centre may be thought of...
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...problems does data center power consumption cause? Data center power consumption economically affects businesses and environmentally affects society. Operating costs for data centers is very expensive. In the article, "Ubiquitous Green Computing Techniques for High Demand Applications in Smart Environments," the total operating costs, concerning electricity, of all data centers within the U.S. alone exceeded 7 billion dollars in 2010 (Ayala, J., Moya, J., Risco-Martín, J., Sanchez, C., Zapater, M. 2012). The article then explains that data centers consumed 61 billion kilowatt-hours in 2006;the Environmental Protection Agency provided this statistic to the US Congress in a report from 2007 (Ayala, J., Moya, J., Risco-Martín, J., Sanchez, C., Zapater, M. 2012). With this amount of energy being consumed by data centers, it is a cause for concern; consequently, data centers have an impact on the cost of business and negatively impact the environment via carbon footprint. As the carbon footprint grows, there is a need to realign the way businesses looks at managing their data centers. Several companies including Cisco, Dell, Google, HP, IBM, and Intel have announced efforts to reduce the environmental footprint of their product offerings (Chang et al., 2012). Large technology companies are starting to understand that being environmentally friendly is good for the wallet and good public relations. Understanding how to manage and build better data centers with a green foot print becomes...
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...Is green computing good for business? As more computing powers are required more electricity is needed. The table below shows the annual cost of electricity for data center servers Year 2000 Year 2007 US $1.3 billion $2.7 billion World Wide $ 3.2 billion $ 7.2 billion Gartner group consultants believe that energy bills, which traditionally account for 10 percent of information technology budgets, could soon account for more than 50 percent. The heat generated from computer rooms is causing equipment to fail. Companies spend as much money to cool the rooms as they spend to power it. Some big companies are facing their power consumption issues looking into environment and saving money. Google, Microsoft, and HSBC are all building data centers that will take advantage of hydroelectric power. For example one Microsoft data center deploys sensors that measure nearly all power consumption, recycles water used in cooling, and use internally-developed power management software. PCs typically stay on more than twice the amount of time they are actually being used each day. One reports claims a 10,000 PCs will cost $165,000 annually in electricity bills if these machines are left on all night. It is believe that about $1.7 billion is wasted each year. Few companies developed PC power management software that locks power settings and automatically powers PCs up right before employees arrive at work. For example one school cut the time its PCs were on from 21 hours to 10...
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...number | 339-555-2323 | Contact name | Bob Smith | Title | CEO | Phone number | 339-505-2600 | Fax number | 339-505-2501 | E-mail address | bobsmith@smithserv.com | Solution group | Under Investigation | Solution offering | Data Center | Project name or title | Present potential vendor choice | Customer Profile Industry | Marketing | Annual revenue | $2 Billion | Contact name | Renee Bonds | Title | CIO | Phone number | 832-505-2600 | Fax number | 832-505-2501 | E-mail address | reneebonds@hotmail.com | Analysis Analysis prepared for Smith’s Information Services, Inc. Company Profile Smith’s Information Services, Inc. is among the leaders in data collection of consumer information. Headquartered in Lexington, Massachusetts – Smith’s has as impeccable record in providing the stabilization of consumer data. * Annual Sales: $2 billion * Primary Line of Business: Sales in Consumer Information * * Management Directory: * Bob Smith: Chief Executive Officer * Renee Bonds: Chief Information Officer * Business Situation (Purpose) Bob Smith, the CEO of Smith’s Information Services, Inc., is gathering information in hopes to secure an outside option for a new data center. This would be due to the midst of a corporate overhead reduction program at Smith’s. As a result the rising costs of operations and...
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...start when considering how to reduce data center power consumption? What value of PUE should data center managers strive for? - PUE is simply defined as “Power Usage Effectiveness”. It measures how efficiently data centers use energy. PUE is an important place to start because it makes Google to measure the change in usage effectiveness. The ratio of PUE is total facility energy over IT equipment energy. A PUE of 1.00 would be best, but 1.09 was the lowest estimated value until 2011 as the video says. Data center managers are still striving for that. PUE = IT Equipment Energy + Facility Overhead Energy / IT Equipment Energy 2. Describe the five methods recommended by Google for reducing power consumption. - Measure PUE As I mentioned in Question 1, the industry uses a ratio called Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) to measure and help reduce the energy used for non-computing functions. To effectively use PUE, it's important to measure often (at least once per second). If the ratio has a 1.00 PUE, it means the energy can be used in the most effective way possible. - Manage airflow Good air flow management is significant to efficient data center operation. By Minimize hot and cold air mixing, Google reduces its power consumption. Google should eliminate hot spots and be sure to use blanking plates (or flat sheets of metal) for any empty slots in the rack. Thermal modeling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can help data center managers quickly characterize and optimize...
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...of Business & Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University **Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance and Stanford University Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford University Stanford Law School Crown Quadrangle 559 Nathan Abbott Way Stanford, CA 94305 September 26, 2013 http://www.law.stanford.edu/organizations/programs-and-centers/steyer-taylor-centerfor-energy-policy-and-finance/publications Short URL: http://goo.gl/qDf4rp 1 2 eBay Inc.: A Case Study of Organizational Change Underlying Technical Infrastructure Optimization Nicole Schuetz*, Anna Kovaleva*, and Jonathan Koomey** *Stanford Graduate School of Business & Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University **Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford University Executive Summary This work provides a case study of the organizational changes necessary at eBay Inc. to support the development and operation of efficient data center infrastructure, hardware, and software. As a part of this process, the eBay Inc. infrastructure Engineering and Operations team (responsible for the delivery of technical services including Cloud services and data center hosting) embarked on a multi-year journey to dramatically improve the efficiency of the company’s technical infrastructure, and to connect infrastructure...
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