... This interaction leads to the Growth and Development of the child. The increasing of an organ or limb of the baby, in size and weight is Growth. Division of each cell and their growing into thousands in number, or their changing tissues, blood or bone, is part of the process of Development. The primary purpose of studying the growth and development of children is to understand them better. As a teacher or a parent, you, can manage children more effectively if you are aware of how they grow and develop in a systematic manner right from the moment of conception. An orderly pattern is found in the growth of every organ of the body and area of development. Although the development process is continuous, the rate or speed of development varies at different ages of the child. For example, children grow most rapidly during the first three years of life. In their middle childhood, i.e., from 6 - 12 years, their rate of growth is comparatively slow whereas it is accelerated again when they approach adolescence. A knowledge of the trends and patterns of growth and development will enable you to know how children grow and develop; when and what to expect from them, how to guide them in each stage and provide the environment for their optimum development. Let us first understand the meaning of these two important terminologies. ‘Growth’ and ‘Development’ are often used as synonymous terms. But, in fact, growth is different from development. Growth means an increase in size, height...
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...Child Growth and Development Home and Family Life June 10, 2009 Growth and Development For every human being, the process of growth and development begins at birth and continues until we die. Growth is defined as the process of increasing in physical size, while development is the process of maturation and the refinement of body systems, thought processes and judgment. Child development unfolds in a complex manner as he or she interacts with the surrounding environment. Although some children may grow and develop a little earlier or later than others, they tend to follow a general pattern of progression. A child's development can be followed by how they play, learn, speak, and behave. The tasks and skills the child learns during the different stages of development are referred to as developmental milestones. Milestones develop in a sequential fashion. This means that a child will need to develop one set of skills before he or she can develop new skills. For example, children must first learn to crawl and to pull up to a standing position before they are able to walk. Each milestone that a child acquires builds on the last milestone developed. I had the opportunity to observe a two year old female child at Home and Family life. The child at this age is growing at a rapid pace and usually gains approximately 8 oz or more per month. The child I observed was able to demonstrate some fine motor skills such as stacking blocks on top of each other and then knocking them down...
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...Growth and Development Sophie Evans Jill Windes ECE205 11/19/12 Growth and Development Many people use growth and development interchangeably when they are actually two separate things. Growth is physical changes leading to increase in size (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured; “the growth rate is rapid during the prenatal, neonatal, infancy and adolescent stages and slows during childhood” (Scibd, 2012). In comparison, development refers to an increase in complexity-a change from the relatively simple to the more complicated and detailed (Allen, 2009). Development is not growth as in when a child increases in size, but it is the growth of behavior;”development is also influenced by heredity, environmental factors, culture, and family values unique to each individual” (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured by charts whereas there are domains of development that are met to measure the growth of development. In this paper I am going to discuss the six major areas of development domains, an analysis of developmental milestones, and explain factors of what can contribute to atypical development. There are six major areas of developmental domains: physical, motor, perceptual, cognitive, speech and language, and social-emotional. Allen (2009) states, “Each is integrally related to and interdependent with each of the others in the overall developmental process” (pg. 35). Basically, one area of development is influenced by another area of development and so on and so forth...
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...Economic Development and Growth Stages of Economic Growth: (Walt Rostow) 1. Traditional Society: economy dominated by subsistence activity where output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Agriculture is the most important industry. 2. Transitional Stage: through investment by developed countries into LDCs, a social climate emerges that encourages the pursuit of economic objectives. Banking and manufacturing begin at this point in addition to the emergence of a transport and communications infrastructure to support trade. 3. Take off: industrialisation increases with workers switching from the agricultural sector to the manufacturing sector. New industries emerge. Movement from rural to urban areas. 4. Drive to Maturity: long period of sustained economic progress and GNP continues to increase. Economy is diversifying into new areas. Technology improves. Less reliance on imports. 5. High Mass Consumption: increase in real income and the population enjoy an increased standard of living. Increased resources are devoted to social welfare and security. Economic Development: is an increase in GNP per head of population, which is accompanied by a fundamental change in the structure of society. Economic Growth: is an increase in GNP per head of population, without any changes in the structure of society. Characteristics of LDCs: ➢ High rate of population growth: rates are very high, resulting in economic problems that are hard to solve by the government...
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...THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN “ECONOMIC GROWTH” AND “ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT” Kevin Bucknall WHY ARE WE INTERESTED IN THE DIFFERENCE? · We need to understand the processes of each better; it is useful information. · · · · We need to know in order to advise governments on policies and what they can do to improve their performance. Many questions concerning third world countries impact on growth or development; they may be either a help or a hindrance. Some•issues•are•created•by•growth•but•not•by•development,•for•example•pollution. Focussing solely on economic growth as desirable can lead to undesirable consequences. ECONOMIC GROWTH What is growth? This is reasonably unambiguous; it is the change in national income over time, usually measured over one year. National income is the amount produced by a country in one year. How can we measure growth? We measure it by the percentage change in the level of national income, often over the period of one year. There are three ways of adding it up: · · · production, or incomes,•or expenditure GDP = gross domestic product (produced within a country). GNP = gross national product (includes income coming into or going out of country). NNP = net national produce (an allowance is made for depreciation of capital). National income per capita often matters most if looking at how well off a country is; how well it is doing; or if comparing it with another country. © Copyright Kevin B. Bucknall 2013, but you are free to distribute this article as widely...
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...Growth and Development Paper ECE 205 February 20, 2012 The first years of life are the most important stage of human development. During the early childhood years, the brain goes through drastic changes that are influenced by our genes, as well as our environment. It is the responsibility of adults in our society to take care of their children’s emotional and cognitive needs of children in order to see the progress in each child individually. In this paper I will describe how the concept of development differs from the concept of growth. I will summarize the domains of development and analyze each developmental milestone and the purpose of each. Finally I will identify and explain the factors that might contribute to atypical development. “An understanding of child development is essential, allowing us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children go through from birth and into early adulthood” (Cherry, 2012). Infants, toddlers, and children all have particular capabilities and needs. Even though it may not seem like it, growth and development are two different things. There are no similarities between growth and development, and it is easy to distinguish the two. Development “relates to qualitative basis while growth is to quantitative measurement”. In other words, development takes place mentally and in the knowledge and skills children produce. Children with developmental...
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...Infants grow and change as they progress into a preschooler, middle aged child and into adolescents. Physical growth, intellectual/cognitive growth, psychosocial changes, social development, moral development, and the personality all changes and evolves as the infant makes its way through these stages of life. During infancy, children attach to others. “Attachment, a strong, positive emotional bond that forms between an infant and one or more significant persons, is a crucial factor in enabling individuals to develop social relationships” (Feldman, 2014, p. 198).They normally form their initial primary relationship with their parents and other family members. “Research suggests an association between an infant’s attachment pattern and his or her social and emotional competence as an adult” (Feldman, 2014, p. 198). Through the process of “reciprocal socialization, in which infants’ behaviors invite further responses from parents and other caregivers,” infant’s social world starts to take form (Feldman, 2014, p. 188). Infants express their sociability, at first, in nonverbal ways. They smile, laugh, stare, and with age make vocalizations and imitate others. A mothers’ interactions with her baby is important for the babies’ social development. As mothers’ respond appropriately to their babies’ social cues, the infant’s attachment is strengthened. A father’s expression of positive emotions is also important to the infant’s social well-being. Personality includes those...
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...aspects of an infant changes as it grows. Infancy is the “period that starts at birth and continues until the second birthday” (Feldman, 2014, p. 113). Some of the biggest changes happen in the realms of physical growth, cognitive development, sensory perception and nutritional needs. All these work together to form a functioning, intelligent, capable human. Although, there can still be some nature/nurture controversy over prenatal development, labor, birth, birth complications and the development of the competent newborn, things are changing. Infants grow at a rapid pace during this time. Non quiet as obvious as the physical growth of the infant. “Average newborns weigh just over 7 pounds, and measure 20 inches long” (Feldman, 2014, p. 114). They go from being helpless to dynamic moving, eating, talking experimenting children. “By the end of his or her second year, the average child weighs around four times as much as he or she did at birth and average a height of 3 feet” (Feldman, 2014, p. 114). Infants go through four principles of growth from birth to their second year. The cephalocaudal principle states that growth follows a direction that begins with the head and then proceeds to the rest of the body. The proximodistal principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward. The principle of hierarchical integration states that simple skills develop separately, but that these skills are integrated into more complex ones. The principle...
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...HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 2012/2013 MODULE LEADER: FIONA BOYD STUDENT NUMBER: N0371372 WORD COUNT: 2450 This assignment is aimed to discuss a case study using child development and adult development theories to explain the relevance of these theories to health and social care practice. It is going to briefly summarise the of major theories used by health care professionals to provide care and determine practice related decisions. The discussion is going to focus mainly on the attachment theory, Bowlby, J (1969), Levinson, D (1986) theory of life structures and Erikson, E (1963)stages of life theory. According to Banks (2001), these theories are there to help health professionals describe or predict patterns and behaviour considered to be within the parameters of normality for human beings and assess the need for intervention. Some major theories used by health care professionals today embrace the works of Freud (1856) and Bandura (1925) who challenged the view of human development and human nature by suggesting that humans are driven largely by emotions and motives of the unconscious and , a social cognitive theorist who believed humans learnt from observation of other people rather than from a pre-disposed notion of biological (nature) influences...
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...informed me of the play date. Kayla is currently in preschool and her mother states she enjoys it. Currently, Kayla uses five to six word sentences well enough for me to understand. Kayla is chatty and does express her feelings, needs and desires. At one point Kayla was talking about how excited she was about her birthday next month, her mother planned a sleepover. Kayla was telling me what she expected for the party, for instance cake, watch frozen and she also wanted her makeup done. I noticed that Kayla got along with kids her own age. Not only did Kayla play with Julie at the park she also made a couple of new friends while she was there. Peer groups are vital in supporting a child's development, it offers support, encouragement and establishes good behavior throughout their development to adulthood. Peers serve many important roles in the life of a developing child. From toddlerhood through adolescence, peers serve to meet the child’s need for acceptance and belonging. In order for a child to successfully get along in group settings or form lasting friendship, the child must have the necessary social skills, which can be accomplished through interactions in school or play dates. After a while the kids got tired and instead of playing Kayla wanted to play a game on her mother’s iPhone. Kayla’s mother was in the middle of doing something and Kayla kept insisting that she needed her iPhone. Kayla’s mother squatted down to Kayla’s level and started speaking to her in a serious...
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...T D Module 4 Assignment: Understanding Childbirth and Newborn Development 1. Describe the stages of childbirth and the outcome of each. There are three stages of childbirth; the dilation and effacement of the cervix, the delivery of the baby, and the delivery of the placenta. During the first stage called the dilation and effacement of the cervix, the woman experiences contractions of her uterus which in return causes her cervix to widen and prepare to receive the baby. In addition, the mother experiences a brief process called transition where the contractions are at the highest level. This entire stage can last between 12 to 14 hours if it is the women’s first child or 4 to 6 hours if she has had multiple births. The second stage of childbirth also known as the delivery of the baby can last between 20 to 50 minutes depending on the woman. Within the second stage the level of contractions continue to increase and the mother feels a natural impulse to squeeze and push using her stomach muscles to force the baby down and out the birth canal. The last stage of childbirth is when the mother feels the final contraction which in return forces the placenta to detach from the walls of the uterus and out the body. This third and final stage of childbirth can last between five and 10 minutes. 2. Compare and contrast the medical interventions for childbirth. During childbirth medical professionals tend to use medical interventions in order to safely deliver the baby...
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...Psychology is the understanding how and why an individual change and doesn’t change through development. The changes from Germinal to fetal period is miracle; but when you eventually saw the changes occur in a child from ages six through eleven on a daily basis is unbelievable. In this paper, we’ll get to understand how a child grows and developed to understand the environments around them. These changes are well researched and the finding of it is remarkable. The finding is through different domains which these psychologists, Erickson and Freud have made; they are Biosocial, Psychosocial and Cognitive. These domains will explain step by step the different development of six years through eleven years old child. The first domain will describe how a child from age six through eleven motivate and experience their self. This domain is called the biosocial theory. At this age for almost ailment from influenza to cancer they are the healthiest period of their life. This theory will also explain how a child has the skills to undertake their basic care, from brushing their own teeth, prepared their break and walk to school. As one interviewed a ten year old girl; she remembered the age she started to do her laundry. She stated,” I was six when my mom told me to wash my under wear and socks and at that same age I have to clean my room” (Tonian 3/6/2010). They are few children at this age will not start to do these duties. You have parents that spoiled their child so badly...
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...Welcome to the MNT Knowledge Center, your source for our most detailed content on specific conditions and subjects. Click through to Knowledge Center Home to read more. What is depression? What causes depression? Last updated on Wednesday 6 November 2013 Originally published on Tuesday 7 April 2009 DepressionPsychology / PsychiatryBipolarMental Healthadd your opinionemailKnowledge Center Add your rating Current ratings for: What is depression? What causes depression? Public / Patient:3.6 (166 votes) 1 2 3 4 5 Health Professionals:3.9 (43 votes) 1 2 3 4 5 Depression, also known as major depression, clinical depression or major depressive disorder is a medical illness that causes a constant feeling of sadness and lack of interest. Depression affects how the person feels, behaves and thinks. Depression can lead to emotional and physical problems. Typically, people with depression find it hard to go about their day-to-day activities, and may also feel that life is not worth living. This Medical News Today (MNT) information page provides essential details about depression - describes what it is, the different forms of depression, its symptoms, possible causes, and currently available treatments. At the end of some sections you may find updates from MNT news articles. What is depression? Feeling sad, or what we may call "depressed", happens to all of us. The sensation usually passes after a while. However, people with a depressive disorder - clinical...
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...Group Assignment What role does agriculture hold for inclusive growth in Africa? Drawing lessons from the African continent, provide evidence for the emerging consensus on the future role of small-holder farming for Africa’s economic growth. Table of contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Definition of inclusive growth 4 1.2 Africa’s economic growth narrative 5 2 The Challenges of Africa’s Agricultural Sector 8 2.1 Issues surrounding Land Tenure and concomitant effects 8 2.2 Low diffusion and absorption of technology 11 3 The Role of Smallholder Farming for Africa’s Economic Growth – Evidence of an Emerging Consensus 13 4 Smallholder Farming Success Narratives 15 4.1 Botswana: Competitiveness of beef smallholder farmers 15 4.2 Ethiopia: Commercialisation of small scale farmers of grain 16 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 17 References 20 Agriculture and its role in inclusive growth in Africa 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to consider the position of agriculture in Africa, and the potential that it has for improving the lives of the majority of those living on the continent. The report starts off with defining inclusive growth, and highlights how agriculture can contribute towards this phenomena as a consideration. It then talks to agricultural concepts and considerations in the African context, and attempts to identify African specific challenges and provide workable solutions. The paper also reflects on an emerging consensus advocating...
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...Executive summery This literature review discusses objectives of financial development and economic growth as well as existing relationship of this concept. Financial development is strongly connected with economic situation, but we do not know for sure if this always implies economic growth. There are many factors which influence relationship between financial development and economic growth and its effects such as financial liberalization, government ownership of the banks, monetary policy and rate of inflation, institutional and regulatory framework of financial markets in particular countries. Many researchers are trying to give the right questions and explanations on this field but still there are unresolved issues and implications which give open space for future investigations. Table of Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………….2 2. Literature Review……………………………………………………2 2.1. Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth………2 2.2. Empirical methodologies……………………………………………………..5 2.3. Effects of Merger and Acquisitions in Bank Industry on relationship between financial development and economic growth…………………………………7 3. Conclusion…………………………………………………………....8 4. Reference List………………………………………………………..9 1. Introduction Financial system is a basis of current economic trends and there...
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