Guide to In-text Citation and Referencing
IN-TEXT CITATION 1) If you are paraphrasing from any source in which the author’s name is given, you must mention the author’s surname, date of publication and the page number.
For example: Chase (1979:204) reported that… According to Henderson and King (1987:176),…

2)

If you are summarising the overall idea of a book or article, you just have mention the author’s surname and date of publication. The page number is not necessary.
For Example: The study concluded that there was no clear link between obesity and genetics (Smith, 2006).

3)

If you are citing from a source written by more than two authors, rather than writing the name of every author, use the name of the first author followed by et al, which means and others.
For example: Jones et al (2001) explained that…
Comment [KHEI1]: Please note that et al should be in italics

4)

If you are using an authoritative source but there is no author, you should cite the name of the organisation in the text.
For example: A report published by the BBC (2004) indicated that… There has been a slight increase in the number of homeless children in developed countries in the last 10 years (UNESCO, 2008).

5)

If you are giving exact quotations, you should identify the page numbers on which the quotations can be found.
For example: Black (2007:143) claims that, ‘……………………………..’

6)

If the quotation is 3 lines of longer, you should indent the whole quotation.
For example: The presence of ghrelin added weight to the argument: Made in the stomach, ghrelin levels rise when people are hungry and wane after a meal. People who get injections of the hormone gorge themselves, while those suffering from a rare disease that keeps ghrelin levels unusually high tend to be obese overeaters (Callaway, 2008:129).

7)

If you are referring to the work of an author who is cited in someone else’s work, you must mention both authors.
For example: O’Neill (2000, cited in Bell, 2003:64) discovered that… * Please note that only the author of the book/journal that you read should be included in the reference list. In this example, only Bell would be in the reference list.

REFERENCING The way you reference the information that you cite depends much on the type of source that you use. Here are some examples. 1. BOOK

Book: Single author Author. Date. Title: subtitle. Place: Publisher. Chase, J.A. (1979). Advertising: the hits and myths. New York: Doubleday. Book: Multiple authors Authors. Date. Title. Place: Publisher. Henderson, R.S. and King, P.Q. (1987). The tenets of moral philosophy. New York: Van Nostrand. Book: Chapter from an edited book with different contributors Author. Date. Title: subtitle of the chapter. In Editors of book (Eds.), Title of book. (page reference). Place: Publisher. Andrews, R.A. (1989). Language. In K. Smith (Ed.), Variety of memory & consciousness. (pp 252-267). London: Penguin. Book: No author Title. Date. Place: Publisher. Oxford English Dictionary. (2003). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. ARTICLES

Comment [KHEI2]: Please note that this should be author of the chapter and not the editor of the book

Article: Journal has a volume number and an issue number Author. Date. Title of article. Title of journal, volume (and issue) number, page reference. Kruger, J.P. (1988). Sexism in advertising. Communicare, 7(2), 12-15. Article: Newspaper - Author (name of reporter/author is known) Author. Date, including month & day. Title of article. Title of newspaper, page reference. Stewart, M.T. (1988, May 17th). Privatisation in the dock. The Guardian, p.12. Article: Newspaper - anonymous (no name of reporter/author) Title of article. Date, including month & day. Title of newspaper, page reference. New drug appears to sharply cut the risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 30th) The Washington Post, p. 4.

3.

INTERNET

Internet Author. Date (created/last updated). Title of website. Date you retrieved the information. Full web address Brown, K. (2005). Teaching and Learning. Retrieved March 6th, 2006 from: http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/ Article: Internet anonymous - (no name of reporter/author) Title of Website Organisation. Date (created/last updated). Title of article. Date you retrieved the information. Full web address Home Office (2010). Clever fakes found at Heathrow. Retrieved September 15th, 2010 from: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/media-centre/news/heathrow-fakes 4. Conference Papers Author. Date Title of paper. Title of conference (in italics). Location and date of conference. Place of Publication: Publisher. Page references. Edwards, G. (2008) Poverty in developed nations, Tackling social problems in the developed world: The 12th Annual UK Social Policy Conference. University of Leeds 1214 October. Cambridge: The Cambridge Institute for Social Development, 56-67. REFERENCE LIST
Don’t forget that your final reference list MUST be in alphabetical order, with the author’s SURNAME followed by the initial(s) of the first name. If you are unsure about which name is the surname, remember that it will come after the first name in the publication.

For example:

Dogancay, S. (2005). Intercultural communication in English language teacher education. English Language Teaching Journal, 59(2), 28-36. Home Office (2010). Clever fakes found at Heathrow. Retrieved September 15th, 2010 from: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/media-centre/news/heathrow-fakes Li, Y. (2006). Chinese learners as seen from the perspective of a visiting Chinese lecturer. The East Asian Learner, 2(2), pp109-117 Rao, Z. (2001). Matching teaching styles with learning styles in East Asian contexts. The Internet TESL Journal, 7/7. Retrieved May 19th, 2008 from: http://iteslj.org Smith, M. and Casey, G. (1990). A study skills handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Swan, B., Bell, M. and Watson, S. (2001). Learner English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Comment [KHEI3]: Please not that this is a journal. The journal title is in italics but the article title is not. Comment [KHEI4]: Please note that this is an internet article. The article title is in italics

Comment [KHEI5]: Please note that this is an e-journal and not available in print. This is why the URL is necessary Comment [KHEI6]: Please note that this is a book so the book title is in italics