...Dracunculiasis the disease commonly known as Guinea Worm is caused by the parasitic worm Dracunculus Medinensis . Guinea Worm disease only occurs in 10% of the world’s poorest populations who has no access to safe drinking water or health care (CDC) . This parasitic worm is the largest of parasites affecting the human’s tissues. The risk for Dracunculiasis varies by ones sex, age, profession, and ethnicity. These differences reflect from how people’s drinking water is obtained in these countries (Medscape). Drancunculiasis is commonly found now in Southern Sudan. About the same number of men and women are equally infected. Guinea Worm is common among the ages of 15–45 years old. People in this age group are known to be farmers, herders, and water fetchers for the household. Water fetchers often affected more due to the fact that they are more likely to drink contaminated water while away from home (CDC). People become infected with Guinea worm by drinking stationary water containing copepods tiny "water fleas" that carry Guinea worm. It takes about 2 weeks to mature inside the copepods before they can infect humans. Measuring 2-3 feet in length the adult female can carry about 3 million embryos within one person (World Health Organization). This parasite migrates through the victim's subcutaneous tissues causing severe pain especially when it occurs in the joints. The worm eventually emerges causing an intense pain, blisters and ulcers accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting...
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...One of the leading risk for infection is the one and only guinea worm disease, also known as Dracunculiasis. It definitely affects those who live in poor communities, due to the lack of safe drinking water. It is clearly a disadvantage in the communities in Africa. There is definitely a limited of safe drinking water and health care education. In the following case study, it delineates the lack of efforts to eliminate the disease in parts of sub-Saraharan Africa and in Asia. “The fight against guinea worm disease represents one of the most successful international collaborations and is particularly interesting because the intervention is, at its heart, behavior change” (Hopkins, 1998). In 1986, guinea worm disease has made its way to 20...
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...Symptoms Symptoms start to emerge one year after the worm enters the body, days or hours before the worm starts to exit the body. Some symptoms include, fever nausea exhaustion swelling (in the area of the worm) rash (in the area of the worm) blister (in the area of the worm) pain (in the area of the worm) Method of Transmission The only way of contracting guinea worm is through drinking stagnant, unfiltered water, contaminated with guinea worm larvae and eggs. Treatment and Prevention There is no medical treatment for Guinea Worm as of today. The only way of getting rid of the worm is through a slow, painful process of wrapping the end of the worm around a stick and pulling it out slowly, centimeters at a time. This process can take...
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...to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain and headaches. Typically vomiting, diarrhoea and rash follow along with decreased function of the liver and kidney. Around this time, affected people may begin to bleed both internally and externally. The virus may be acquired upon contact with blood and other bodily fluids of an affected human or other animal. Spreading through the air has not been documented in the natural environment. Fruit bars are believed to be a carrier and may spread the virus without being affected. Once human infection occurs, the disease may spread between people. There are more than 1,300 people with Ebola in West Africa and is having a devastating impact on the economies of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The impact has spread thousands of miles to African countries that have never recorded an Ebola death. Facts about Sierra Leone and the impact of Ebola: * The economy has deflated by 30% because of Ebola in Sierra Leone. * The agricultural sector is most impacted in terms of Ebola because the majority of people of Sierra Leone (66%) are farmers. * 12 out of 13 districts in Sierra Leone are now affected with Ebola. * Road blocks manned by police and military are preventing the movement of farmers and labourers as well as the supply of goods. * The president believes that they are definitely expecting a devastating effect not only on labour availability and capacity but also farms being abandoned...
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...HEA 207 10/05/2014 Presenting on (Health, education, poverty and Economy) Article: (Ebola: Economic Impact Already Serious; Could Be “Catastrophic” Without Swift Response) According to the World Bank if the Ebola virus continues to escalate in these affected countries such as Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone; its economic impact could grow eight fold dealing a potentially catastrophic blow to the already fragile states. The Analysis concluded that the economic cost can be limited if the national and international respond quickly in containing the Ebola epidemic. The analysis estimates the short-term impact on output to be 2.1 percentage points of GDP in Guinea (reducing growth from 4.5 percent to 2.4 percent); 3.4 percentage points in Liberia (reducing growth from 5.9 percent to 2.5 percent); and 3.3 percentage points in Sierra Leone (reducing growth from 11.3 percent to 8 percent). This forgone output corresponds to $359 million in 2014 prices. However, if Ebola is not contained, these estimates rise to $809 million in the three countries alone. In Liberia, the hardest hit country, the High Ebola scenario sees output hit 11.7 percentage points in 2015 (reducing growth from 6.8 percent to -4.9 percent). The food prices are now rising due to response of shortages, panic buying, and speculation; which cause a dramatic impact on the economy. To help stop the spread of Ebola The World Bank Group has put together $230 million financing package for the three countries hardest...
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...and nonhuman primates or their blood and fluids and do not touch or eat raw meat prepared from these animals. • Avoid hospitals where Ebola patients are being treated. The U.S. Embassy or consulate is often able to provide advice on medical facilities. • Seek medical care immediately if you develop fever (temperature of 101.5°F/ 38.6°C) and any of the other following symptoms: headache, muscle pain, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, or unexplained bruising or bleeding. CDC highly advise to check for possible Ebola outbreaks before travelling to Africa, specially to countries with the Travel Alert Level 3, which means a higher risk of contamination to travelers. CDC also recommends to avoid nonessential travel to Africa particularly to Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. For detailed information check CDC advices in www.cdc.gov Source:...
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...I am 21 years old and applying to study Politics and Economics. Neither subject was an option for me to do as a GCSE subject in my school. However from an early age as a child growing up in Sierra Leone, a country that was recovering from 10years of civil war, I have always had a keen interest in politics and the economy we live in. I used to love watching the news channel and also listening to adult talk about politics and the state of the economy. My interest in politics and economics made it impossible for me to choose between the two degrees so I am very grateful to have the chance to study both. My enthusiasm for politics and economy reach a new level in 2014. At this time Sierra Leone my birthplace and its neighbour Guinea and Liberia were suffering from the outbreak of Ebola. These three countries have economy which in my opinion is badly run by its government and corruption is also a big issue.. I was sad by the facts that I could not do anything to help. This led me to make the decision that I had to gain more knowledge in politics and economics. I believe politics and economics are two subjects that closely linked and understanding both is the only way to understand how our society functions. This is because it gives you better understanding of the key roles government play in the economy and what effect their policy will have on the economy. Since deciding to study Politics and Economics, in October 2014 I applied to study AS level Economics through the Open University...
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...OPEN LETTER TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE VOLUME XX FROM THE UINITED STATES Dear Mr. President: It has been a year since I started communicating with you through this medium and ironically Volume XX, the first year anniversary production, is being sent to you from the United States of America, at a time when our beloved Nation is in all aspects submerged and immersed in Ebola. I intend to objectively provide hope to the hopeless, in the current desperate system in which the Nation entrusted its health and safety to a government which has proved to be unworthy of the Nation’s trust. Just as when during the bloody senseless civil war, I was stationed in the United States and together with Sulaiman Tarawalie contributed with a political commentary, to the fight against the rebels, in giving hope to the hopeless, through a programmme,” Africa My Africa”, broadcast on Radio Democracy. At the end of the programme I signed off as the Voice of the Voiceless, a name of which I am very proud and more so since it has now been adopted by many others. I will bring the latest information on how it is being done in the United States and the American effort being made to help us in West Africa. For instance 3,000 American troops have been ordered into the fight in West Africa by President Obama, most of them medical professionals, not to provide security, but to be more involved in the medical intricacies of the fight. They are fully embedded in Liberia...
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...Leeann Moses Geography 201-040 Prof. J. McKenzie Interview with Mohammed Bah Mohammed Yusuf Bah born November 11, 1982 is a recent graduate from City College of the City University of New York and a cab driver by night within the five boroughs of the city. He is currently studying to take the MCAT exam and hopes to be admitted at the Mt. Sinai Medical School as he aspires to be a Physician. Born and raised in Sierra Leone, Mohammed migrated to the United States in 2002. We became friends in 2005 after we shared the same place of employment for two years. Due to our shared common occupation, interest and some similar demographics, I felt intrigue to find out the dynamics behind my friend's migration. Raised in the village of Jujuma, the village is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone which is west of the continent Africa. Its population is very small and is made up of mainly Islamic followers. Mohammed describes his homeland in a memorial state as he painted the picture of detached houses made out of wood or clay and sometimes a combination of both, with some having zinc sheets for roofs and cement to cover the floor and walls. Houses are either round or rectangular and typically offer a veranda with two or three rooms that may function as the bedrooms or as a food storage area. The preparation of meals is done outdoor on stone. For food, rice is the stole staple food, consumed at virtually every meal, Mohammed joked without exaggeration, "If I haven't eaten rice today...
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...can affect countries at any time, causing humans to suffer, an increase in deaths, and economic losses. The epidemic of the Ebola virus provoked fear within the hearts of many. This epidemic in West Africa shows how a disease can grow rapidly and cause huge problems because of poor healthcare systems incapable of handling the issue. The outbreak of Ebola started in Guinea in December 2013 and began to spread into neighboring countries such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, and few cases in Nigeria. In August 2014, President Barrack Obama declared Ebola to be an international public health emergency. To understand a disease, scientists not only need to know how to understand it clinically but also how other people will perceive it. It is clear that a biomedical approach alone could not address the issue, but taking an interdisciplinary approach from different fields such as biology, mathematics, anthropology, and psychology to name a few are needed to develop successful health interventions to address the Ebola issue. At the time of the outbreak, the healthcare systems in West Africa especially in those regions, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone are extremely limited. Healthcare systems within these impoverished countries did not have the resources nor funds to respond rapidly to the outbreak. There were inadequate numbers of qualified health workers. Liberia has 0.014 physicians per 1,000 people; Sierra Leone's is 0.022 and Guinea's is 0.1 physicians per 1,000 people (Ebola timeline)...
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...gets the idea that Guinea has a strong commitment to education. There are several schools right around our house. In the same block, there is a private language school that teaches French, English and Spanish. There is a university a couple blocks away – the Universite Nongo Conakry. And there are other schools within a few blocks of our house. Yet, given that the illiteracy rate in Guinea is around 70 to 75 percent, one wonders how effective these schools are. We have driven past the national university on a few occasions, and I don’t know about the quality of the education there, but the facilities do not appear to be very good. I would suspect that the instructors are underpaid and probably many of them work only part time for the university. There also does not appear to be many bookstores around the city. We saw one and are trying to arrange a visit there, and there may be more downtown, but they are not too common. Most of the vendors in the city seem to be small storefronts that open directly to the sidewalk, or small tents and kiosks right on the sidewalk. They sell mostly necessities -- food, clothes, cell-phone cards and DVDs, along with services such as beauty shops, tailors, and the like. Open-air markets are common around the city, and there are no shopping malls that we have seen. I am very curious to see what types of books are available at this bookstore that we plan to visit. I also do not know much about religious education in Guinea. The national mosque...
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...The first reported case in the Ebola outbreak ravaging west Africa dates back to December 2013, in Guéckédou, a forested area of Guinea near the border with Liberia and Sierra Leone. Travelers took it across the border: by late March, Liberia had reported eight suspected cases and Sierra Leone six. By the end of June 759 people had been infected and 467 people had died from the disease, making this the worst ever Ebola outbreak. The numbers do not just keep climbing, they are accelerating. As of October 29th, 13,567 cases and 4,951 deaths had been reported worldwide, the vast majority of them in these same three countries. Many suspect these estimates are badly undercooked. Ebola is not just a medical emergency, but an economic one. Sick people cannot work; fear of sickness keeps others from coming to work. Transportation and travel is disrupted. An impact assessment by the World Bank, released on October 8th, estimated the short-term impact of the outbreak on the economies of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in terms of forgone GDP at $359m. Depending on whether the outbreak is contained quickly or slowly, the damage will continue into next year; under the Bank’s gloomier “High Ebola” scenario, the economic loss to Liberia in 2015 would be the equivalent of 12% of GDP. Liberia has suffered most in the epidemic, which has killed more than 3,800 people and delivered an economic shock to some of Africa's most vulnerable economies. Ebola cases in Liberia and Sierra Leone could...
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...De Montfort University | ENGD1019 -Computer Aided Engineering – Assignment 3 | | P. J. Prickett 3/27/2014 | Solid models of all the components 1 1 The following dimensions have been put into place to ensure that the depth of the ridges are kept the same. Doing this will reduce all forms of likelihood of any abnormalities occuring when the driver worm is connect to the gear. 3 3 Here are the three stages of the creation of the driver worm. A sketch round the x axis of 360 degrees was drawn followed by a mirror bein created by the datum plane for the seep that was to be made. 2 2 The exact same steps were repeated in this stage, the only differences being a few dimensions and a change in the directions of the sweeps. To be more specific the difference in this case between the plane and the sweep was 6, this was to ensure that the heical sweepes were at an eaqual distance from each other in order for the two distances to stay equal when the overall size is changed. Doing this removes the likelhood of any mechanical issues. 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Each of the 5 parts shown above are all derived from the centre of circles. Because they are each from the same centre circles they all then contain associativity from the same cross section of planes. 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 These are the creation and extrudes on the sides of the casing the bottom one is in a fixed position right at the bottom...
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...information backed up somewhere you practically wont be able to retrieve your information. There are techniques that these attackers use to access information on your system. Potential security threats start with people; people who create these threats are to blame. These people are called hackers and predators. Hackers and predators create security threats and malware. They are computer programmers who use these security threats and malware to victimize other people by breaking into their systems to steal, change or destroy information. This is known as cyber-terrorism. Due to these hackers and predators computers are vulnerable at any time. These people create things like. Computer virus threats, Spyware threats, Phishing threats, Internet Worms, Rootkit, Zombies, Browser Hijacker, Email Virus, Mousetrapping, Spam, and Adware. Out of all the computers security threats out there the most well known is computer virus threats. The virus is a program that alters how a computer operates. The virus replicates and executes itself, this usually does damage to your computer. Spyware threats are an undercover cop in a way because it monitors your online activity or it can install software without your permission to gain personal information. It does all that without you even knowing. Phishing threat is when a hacker attempts to steal information through email or instant messaging. They send emails or instant messages that look real to people or businesses. The hackers attempt to steal...
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...includes virus, worms, Trojan programs, and logic bombs, the focus of this paper will concentrate on the comparison of viruses and worms. I will also examine the question as to weather of not non-Microsoft operating systems as less prone to virus threats. Malicious code threats are primarily programmed to create havoc or major problems within the computing and networking environment. Exploitation of internet based services and applications are probably the hardest hit because of the increase in everyday usage and the unfamiliarity of threat countermeasures of many users. Virus and other malicious are created only to create problems; nothing more. There are various levels that indicate the proficiency in developing or writing the program for viruses. These levels range from low skilled students to program researchers who have acquired many years of experience in developing their programming skills. The researchers are the group that introduces highly complex and sometimes anti-virus resistant code into computing/networking systems. Although they differ, most users do not distinguish virus and worms; the term virus is simply used by some as a catch-all for both threats. A virus is basically a self-replicating program that causes damage by attaching itself to files. Normally, A virus is spread to various computers through human actions, particularly files sharing and email. Worms are similar to virus in some respect but they are more sophisticated in nature. Worms are often referred...
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