...Project - Air Arabia and Gulf Airlines Name University Introduction The project is based on the financial analysis of the two companies from the airline industry. The first company is Air Arabia and the second company is Gulf Airline. Air Arabia which was established by the King of Sharjah in the year 2003 is known as the best economic mode of air travelling in the United Arab Emirates. The company continued to provide economic and valued services to its customers through the last decade and has been successful in penetrating the Air traffic business. The company did not limit its operation only to the Arab countries but also expanded its business operations to the Europe and other parts of the world. The Air Arabia destinations not the Arab countries but also reached the European destinations like Casablanca and the Cairo. The company believes in expanding its business operations and for this reason, it has established its subsidiaries airlines in the other Arab countries as well. The company is performing air travelling operations through its subsidiaries companies in Egypt and Morocco as well. The company today operates its flight to 88 destinations across the globe. The company planes lands on the destinations ranging from Arabia, Middle East, Asia to Europe and Africa. The company believes in offering comfortable and reliable journey for its passengers at the lowest possible fares and with this business strategy, millions of passengers have travelled through Air Arabia...
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...The Persian Gulf War Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Alarmed by actions, fellow Arab powers such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt called on the United States and other Western nations to interfere. Hussein refused United Nations Security Council demands removed from Kuwait by January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S. led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm. After 42 days of constant attacks by the allied coalition in the air and on the ground. U.S. President George H.W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28. By that time, most Iraqi forces in Kuwait had either surrendered or fled. Even though the Persian Gulf War was initially considered an unqualified success for the international coalition, firing conflict in that region led to a second Gulf War known as the Iraq War, that began in 2003. Adding to Hussein’s speech, Iraq had begun amassing troops on Kuwait’s border. Surprised by these actions, President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt initiated negotiations between Iraq and Kuwait in an effort to avoid intervention by the United States or other powers from outside the Gulf region. Hussein broke off the negotiations after only two hours. On August 2, 1990 he ordered the invasion of Kuwait. Hussein’s assumption that his fellow Arab states would stand by in the face of his invasion of Kuwait, and by not calling in outside help to stop it. Two-thirds of the 21 members of the Arab League...
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...Payday in Persian Gulf “Our objectives are clear. Saddam Hussein's forces will leave Kuwait. The legitimate government of Kuwait will be restored to its rightful place and Kuwait once again will be free. Iraq will eventually comply with all relevant United Nations resolutions...” George H. W. Bush In order to analyze the Gulf Crisis between Iraq and Kuwait, the factors must first understand which contributed to the conflict. In 1980, Iraq carried out a major air and land attack on Iran. For eight years, the Iran-Iraq War grew more intense, until the U.S. “accidentally” downed an Iranian plane, killing 290 passengers. Some major factors with many others conduce to this war in time: territorial dispute, religious disputes between Islamic moderates and fundamentalists, and more importantly, a personality conflict between Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s president, and Ayatollah Khomein, the leader of Iran. During this war, the U.S. began to provide protection to Kuwaiti tankers, and hence, resulted in military conflicts with Iranian speedboats. Indirectly, the U.S. supported Iraq’s actions in this war. While the U.S. was busy protecting Kuwait, Kuwait supported Iraq financially by giving it more than $10 billion. At the close of the Iran-Iraq War in 1990, Iraq was eager to pay its international debt. But, how? Iraq’s chief export was petroleum. According to Iraq, Kuwait was providing a surplus of oil in the international community by exceeding it assigned OPEC quota. Furthermore...
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...Desert Shield, the deployment of U.S. military forces to protect the Gulf region from further Iraqi encroachment. By 21 August, fighter, attack, reconnaissance, electronic warfare, airlift, and tanker aircraft were based in the Gulf region. That day, Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney declared that the threat of an Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia had ended. In November 1990, the United Nations passed Resolution 678 authorizing the use of force to expel Iraq from Kuwait if Iraq did not leave by 15 January 1991. President George Bush requested congressional concurrence in the UN resolution, and, following lengthy and forthright debate, the Congress joined with the Bush administration in bipartisan votes of support on 12 January 1991. Saddam Hussein still showed no signs of leaving Kuwait, and the deadline of the 15th passed. Accordingly, President Bush signed a National Security Directive authorizing military action. The violence of Desert Storm broke suddenly and furiously at 3 a.m. Baghdad time on 17 January 1991 as waves of coalition aircraft set forth on the largest air campaign since World War II. By dawn, Iraq was well on the way to losing the war, thanks to the strategic air campaign. The early morning attacks drove Saddam Hussein and his leadership underground, reducing its control over events. The most critical military support networks--command, control, communications, intelligence, integrated air defenses, and power generation--had been hard hit. In...
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...Persian Gulf Crisis Persian Gulf Crisis, 1990-1991: How Saddam Hussein's Greed and Totalitarian Quest for Power Led to the Invasion of Kuwait, World Conflicts and the Degredation of Iraq Joseph Stalin. Fidel Castro. Adolf Hitler. Saddam Hussein. These names are all those of leaders who have used a totalitarian approach to leading a nation. Stalin and Hitler ruled in the early to mid-nineteen hundreds. Like Fidel Castro, Saddam Hussein is now. Saddam Hussein belongs to the Baath Party of Iraq. This party adopts many techniques similar to those used by Stalin and Hitler. Saddam Hussein conceived a plan to invade Kuwait. It was, perhaps, one of the worst mistakes he could have made for his own reputation and for his country. The invasion of Kuwait as well as the world's response to it, the environmental disaster it caused, and the degradation of Iraq were completely the fault one man and his government: Saddam Hussein and his Baath Government. One of Hussein's weaknesses is negotiating. Negotiating in his terms is to fight it out with as much carnage as possible until his side comes out "victoriously". Repeatedly, Saddam and his government break international convention laws. During his war fought with Iran, the Iraqi army used chemical weapons on the Iranian troops and even on their own Iraqi population. This was seemingly overlooked by the rest of the world because most nations didn't want to see the Ayatollah's Islamic revolution rise. Iraq...
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...The transition from British to American hegemony in the Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf is a region of many conflicting interest. The name itself already offers a good example of this, since it is the center of a politicized debate between those preferring Persian Gulf and those preferring Arabian Gulf. Although this debate will not be further explored in this paper – it was decided to use the term “Persian Gulf” as it is most commonly used – this paper will delve deeper into the transition from British to American hegemony in the Persian Gulf and review how various aspects of this are described and interpreted in the literature. This paper will deal with this transition between the years of 1945, the end of the Second World War, and 1971, the year that the British completed their military withdrawal from the Persian Gulf. Even though the Americans were interested in the area before the WWII, the year 1945 was chosen as a starting point because the war had severely altered the power equilibrium between the great powers the United States of America and Britain were considered as at that time. During the Cold War, which started in 1946 the importance of the region was on the rise, both because of the oil and because of the containment policy against the Russians. The relevance of the region was on the rise for America in particular because the power of Britain was waning in the post-war era. Britain, faced with economic hardship, imperial fatigue, and events of humiliation such...
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...The Bahrain’s housing department also records approximately 8000 applications seeking for state housing per year thus this portrays the potential this industry has. * Moreover, the Bahrain government is focused on increasing social amenities such as health and education facilities and therefore signs of growth for the construction industry are high. Reasons to invest in Bahrain * Easy accessibility to Arab countries * Bahrain is in a prime location being at the center of the gulf. This strategic location enhances investor’s easier accessibility to other markets in the Middle East. For example, it will take you approximately one hour to reach Saudi Arabia by car and four hours to get to Riyadh. If you opt to take a plane, it will take you one hour to reach Dubai and quarter of an hour to reach Qatar. * The mode of transport between Bahrain and Middle East countries is open to rail, sea and by air. Bahrain is the headquarters of the Gulf air, the largest means of air transport in the Gulf making it reliable means of transport. Furthermore, a...
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...Environmental Impact of the Gulf War The Gulf War of 1990-1991 seemed to have been a decisive victory from a militarily and tactical point of view. From an environmental point of view the Gulf War was a disaster that ravaged the local ecosystem that the conflict touched. Both the Iraqi aggressors and the allied forces committed crimes against the environment ranging from use of minerals such as depleted Uranium for weapons manufacturing, and deliberate dumping of oil into the Gulf. The dumped oil spills had a major impact on the ecosystem around the Gulf region and in the Gulf itself. The actions that were taken and not taken from both parties (Iraqi troops, and allied forces) had a negative implication on the resources, and ecosystem of the Gulf. There were three reasons as to why the Gulf war came about. First, Iraq had long claimed that Kuwait was a part of its own country. This claim led to many confrontations and hostility between the two countries. Along with Saddam Hussein’s defeated invasion attempt of Iran, it can be argued that he sought to find a weaker foe in order to conquer which happened to be Kuwait. Second, rich deposits of crude oil had straddled the borders of the ill-defined desert area, and Iraq claimed that Kuwaiti oil riggers were illegally tapping this rich reserve that was claimed to be part of Iraqi fields. The Middle Eastern deserts make it so that border differences between local countries are hard to distinguish, thus leading to conflicts. Finally...
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...Victoria University PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia, 8001 E-mail: sam.kashuk@gmail.com * Corresponding author Graham Thorpe Centre for Environmental Safety and Risk Engineering Victoria University PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia, 8001 E-mail: graham.thorpe@vu.edu.au Structured Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to give an example of how the flow of knowledge and the circulation of information can transform urban design and architecture, and rapidly change the nature of a city. It also shows how this transformation can produce an environmentally sustainable city through collective intelligence gained from interactions with geographically dispersed cultures. The city under consideration is the Persian Gulf city of Bushehr th th during the 18 and 19 centuries. During this time the city transformed from being a naval base into a trading and information hub, and this had a strong impact on its popular culture and architecture. Approach – The approach is to examine how the flow of knowledge affected urban design and architecture before the emergence of rampant globalisation. The changes in Bushehr are interpreted in the light of Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizomatic view of knowledge as being unstructured, cross-disciplinary and serendipitous. For example, it is suggested that the encroachment of modernist architecture has not completely destroyed the rhizomatic nature of Bushehr because the ‘asignifying rupture’ ensures that the city continues...
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...Due to new scientific evidence the world could face an economic disaster, we call it Global cooling. For many decades we have come to the conclusion of the more pollution, the more the world’s temperature increases but this is all about to change. Global cooling is caused by Global Warming heating up the world and melting the ice caps. The ice caps then release fresh water, which now dilutes into the Arctic waters making it less salty. This means the Gulf Stream will no longer sink to the ocean floor and will not make its return journey to the Gulf of Mexico. As soon as the Gulf Stream switches off there is no warm air reaching the Artic. In result the temperature drops so that ice ends up covering large parts of Europe and North America. Global cooling also increases the rainfall in places like Russia. In Russia the three great rivers now empty huge amounts of freshwater into the ocean due to the unexpected heavier rainfall. Global cooling will have an immense effect on living and non-living organisms all because of the pollution exposed into the earth’s atmosphere. Yet, many people argue that global warming and global cooling is a natural issue that has nothing to do with human activity despite all of the scientific evidence to prove so. Other people believe global cooling is happening and at a very fast rate and humans are going to have to adapt to these Artic like conditions. It is very likely global cooling will take action is the world doesn’t change its ways and...
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... Ecosystem Components Paper An Ecosystem is “an ecological community and its local, non-biological community. An ecosystem is the minimum system that includes and sustains life. It must include at least an autotroph, a decomposer, a liquid medium, a source and sink of energy, and all the chemical elements required by the autotroph and the decomposer” (Botkin & Keller, 2011, chapter 1.1). Texas has many ecosystems throughout the state from the panhandle to the Gulf Coast. Living along the Gulf Coast an ecosystem close to my community would be Galveston Bay. Galveston Bay as an Ecosystem Galveston Bay is a semi-enclosed body of water where fresh water from rivers and bayous mixes with salt water from the Gulf of Mexico and this is known as an estuary. According to "Galveston Bay Estuary Program" (2003-2004),” Estuaries are one of the planet's most productive and important ecosystems. Estuaries like Galveston Bay are "nature's nurseries." The bay nurtures juvenile shrimp, oysters, crabs, and fin fish. Without a well-functioning estuary, there would be little local seafood in restaurants, recreational and commercial fishing would decline dramatically” (why are estuaries important). Human Effects on Watershed According to Sage and Gallaway (2002), “man often dramatically influences...
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...the origin, state-of-the-art technology allows the processing of shipment paperwork and electronic transmission of documents to the designated FedEx hub and destination clearance location. The Expressclear system also keeps a database of regulatory information which includes importers numbers, broker designation, corporate contact names and telephone numbers. At a FedEx hub, international shipments are sorted, scanned and loaded onto an international flight. Vital shipment information is keyed into a worldwide manifest database, which is linked to computer systems operated by brokers and Customs officials in many countries. Even before the plane has taken off, or while it is in the air, Customs agents and brokers at the destination airport of entry can begin examining shipping manifests, querying air waybill data if they need more details, assessing duties and taxes and selecting which shipments they wish to examine. International shipments are scanned at all key points throughout the process and allows for up-to-date status reports including when Customs clearance is obtained. The importation of goods into Saudi Arabia is governed by a myriad of laws and import regulations that would be considered unique by western standards. Importers and exporters wishing to do business there must comply with strict adherence to these laws. It is important to remember that the Saudi rule of law, Shariah, is derived from the Holy Quran and the Muslim faith permeates throughout. Any product deemed...
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...The Gulf Stream and Its Influence on Climate and Marine Life Oceanic Studies 3021 December 8, 2010 Table of Content Title -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 1 Table of Contents--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 2 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 3 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4 Gulf Stream description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4 What causes the Gulf Stream-------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4-5 Gulf Stream Features-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 5 Gulf Stream function------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 6 Influence in the dissemination of seeds & fruits----------------------------------------------------pg.7 Upwelling zone------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 7 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg7-8 References------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 9 Abstract The Gulf Stream is one of...
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...the world from grave danger,” said President George W. Bush on the Morning of March 19, 2003, declaring the U.S. involvement in the Second Gulf War. On March 17, 2003, President Bush gave Suddam Hussein, the President of Iraq, an ultimatum: demanding the Hussein leave Iraq within a forty-eight-hour period or The United States would declare war. Suddam Hussein had been the President of Iraq since 1979 and was a major reason for the First Gulf War. In 2002, Congress and the Senate passed a law “authorizing the use of armed force against Iraq. This resolution empowered the President...
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...Introduction Hassig and Al Adely argue in their book known as Iraq: Culture of the world, that Iraq has been a major discussion featured in news all over the world in the last ten years of the 20th century and in the early years of the 21st century. Its ancient history has fascinated and owed many though triggering the international community to have many negative reactions. In ancient days, Iraq was known as Mesopotamia meaning “land between two rivers-the Euphrates and the Tigris” with Arabs, Sumerians, Turks and Babylonians contributing to the prosperity of the country. This has made Iraq to be known as “the cradle of civilization.” They later discuss Iraq's climate, geography, fauna, governance, economy, flora and the country's history as discussed below. Geography Iraq's geography is made of mountains in the north, marshland on river banks and deserts in the south. The Iraq terrain is rugged seen in the citizens who live in poverty and war though still holding to their religion, beliefs, customs and interests. The country's geographical location is in the south western region of Asia. Iraq's fertile land is found between the two rivers which has supported agriculture for many years. Although besides the lands fertility, the country's topography and vegetation is changing drastically with west and southern parts changing into deserts and the north transforming into cold mountainous regions. There are steppe desert plains towards the west. This makes the place to be...
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