...that his incisive words still echo today in numerous film school lecture halls and classroom seminars. And there was psychologist L.L. Thurstone, arguably the Father of Attitude Scale Construction and Measurement (a signature area of theory and research in social psychology), who developed scales for the measurement of attitudes toward movies for the famous and notoriously politicized Payne Fund Research in 1928. This study’s practically avowed purpose was to indict (not investigate) the medium of film as a source of inspiration of bad behavior in a youthful audience. Few psychologists, however, followed Münsterberg and Thurstone into the thicket of entertainment media influences and effects. It was not until the advent and market penetration of television in the 1950s coupled with concerns about unconscious influences of advertising, in all its forms and venues, that the attention and media...
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...The aim of this essay is to consider the psychological factor of social influence could be contributing to the current situation of an 8 year old girl who is suffering with asthma, she lives with her Mum in the area of Springburn in Glasgow, and after a recent review has presented some issues that have raised concern. Conformity, compliance and adherence are all forms of social influence and these can occur when a person’s behaviour and emotions are being affected by other people, or groups of social classes. In some circumstances social influence can be direct in the shape of advertising and media, which are good examples of channels that can influence attitudes and behaviours. In other situations social influence can be very subtle and indirect, that is of family, partners, friends, classmates, celebrities and so on, and the fashion in which information is presented, can often determine the degree of compliance. Thus the term social influence can refer to the way in which other people’s conduct is influenced by the presence and action of others. When referring to a patient’s compliance the terms ‘adherence’ and ‘compliance’ are used interchangeably (Psychology for Nurses, 2009, p. 432). Compliance was commonly used during early stages of research, and it investigated whether a patient followed their medical regime. Hayes et al. (1979) defined compliance as, ‘The extent to which the patient’s behaviour (in terms of medication, following diets or other lifestyle changes)...
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...study of social thinking, social influence, and social relations (Meyer, 2010). . Social influence is the effect that words, actions, or the presence of other people, have on our thoughts, feelings, attitude, or behavior. In other words, social psychology is the way in which individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people, whether they are real people, or imagined in ones thoughts. At the heart of social psychology is a phenomenon of social influence. Every single person is influenced by other people. Sometimes we are influenced by persuasion, where another person deliberately tries to change another individual and their way of thinking and behavior (Meyer, 2010). Social influence is happening now on television and across America with the presidential candidates all trying to persuade the people of America to vote for them, or the commercial on crest toothpaste, using creative techniques to persuade people to buy this particular brand. Another example of social influence is seen in schools a lot. One being direct attempts from friends trying to persuade others into doing something they do not want to do, such as drinking, or doing drugs. Also, there has been a recent outbreak in numerous schools across America in bullying. When school children bully others through force, or threats to get their lunch money, or homework, from the smaller children, this is also considered to be a direct attempt at social influence....
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...Power Influence Approach Power influences is a very effective and sometimes dominate approach to leadership. Many leaders use the position of power to influence the outcome of a mission or project. Power possession is inheritably dangerous because of the opportunity for abuse. When used in a proper manner power is beneficial, and necessary. Power approach to leadership exists when a leader understands the position that he or she has and understands the power associated with the position. This power style of leadership can prove a detriment and an asset to leadership. Power is as a motivational tool to compel the resolve of the company on employees and suppliers alike. At times leaders misuse the power of the position. Ethic and moral violation are a possibility when leaders use the power of the position to causes undue influence on personnel or practices within a company. Strengths The influence of power has much strength. Creating an environment of accomplishment, and motivation is an attribute of the power influence style of leadership. According to Yukl (2010), one common indicator of leader effectiveness is the extent to which the performance of the team or organizational unit is enhanced and the attainment of goals is facilitated. An effective unit is often seen as highly motivated and dedicated to the cause or mission (p. 10). Weaknesses Leaders abuse power for many reasons; some personal greed and others out of arrogance. It is constantly in the news where...
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...Solutions: Child Abuse When people decide to have children, the general idea is to love and cherish them. But unfortunately this isn't always the situation. There are parents in this world who abuse children whether they are babies or teenagers. People like this are not fit to have children. Whether it is physical or mental, abuse is wrong. Parents who abuse children should stop and take the time to get help, because the child will suffer in the end. Many children in this world die or become emotionally unstable because of abuse in the home. Peers, educators, legislators and others should take the time to help not only the child who is suffering but also the parent. There should be counsellors in the schools who specialize in these situations and other organizations to help the parents. We as students can take the time and write letters and articles to newspapers and legislators to help our friend, relative or just another human being who is suffering, rather than just to talk about the issues. Innocent children should not be victims of child abuse. ? ______________________________________________________________________ Express Your Individuality We are all so different and unique it is a miracle we all get along as we do. May not be the best at times but hey, we are human right. Our individuality is what makes us so diverse. I give props to the people who step outside of that “norm” of following what others want you to do. So you wear clothes you shouldn’t...
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...Media Influences on American Culture Brandy Latham HUM/186 October 17, 2012 Niya Picket-Miller Abstract Media Influences on American Culture This is all about Media Influences on American Culture, I plan on telling you the different developments that has went on during the last century, and how the internet made its way to us. The major development of mass media during the last century is the internet, smart phones, and social networks. What we started with was the oral and written eras in communication. This was the alphabet and written words threw teachers and poets. Then we had commutation and the creation and use of symbol systems that convey information and meaning, like languages, Morse code, and motion pictures. Cultural industries and channels of communication that produce and distribute songs, novels, TV shows, newspapers, movies, internet services, video games and other cultural products to large numbers of people. Also we had the print and revolution, which was developed in china around 100c.e. Then in Germany they invented movable metallic type and the printing press. This spread rapidly across Europe in the late 1400s. Many of the books were large and elaborate and expensive and it took months to illustrate and publish these volumes. They were usually purchased by wealthy aristocrats, royal families, church leaders, and powerful politicians. Gradually, the publishers made the books smaller and more affordable so more people could buy them. ...
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...Influences of Visual Media Paper HUM/176 Professor Craig Bowler There are many forms of visual entertainment readily accessible to us; it has become the primary source of entertainment. Visual entertainment only has not helped shape American culture but also its values. Visual entertainment comes in many forms; whether it is reading a newspaper, magazines, or just watching television. Visual media has many numerous advantages as well as some disadvantages. Advisements are used to target individuals that find their product appealing. This compels viewers to buy the latest technology gadget or to wear the latest fashion clothes. Media has also changed the way we communicate and this has improved our culture in many ways. For example, in the recent years it has been possible to connect on real time with someone across the world through a computer. Now we are able to connect with people through a simple device like the IPhone 4S. The IPhone 4S lets a person talk through face time and allows them to see each other. Visual media has also made a huge impact on young children and teenagers. With all the new artists coming out changing the music and media culture the younger generation is looking up to them more each day. The younger generations view these artists as role models and want to be exactly like them. The music industry has changed media forever. Artists have introduced us to many different cultures...
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...be formally defined as: the acts of individuals directly involved in obtaining and using economic goods and services, including the decision processes that precede and determine these acts. The underlying concepts of this chapter form a system in which the individual consumer is the core, surrounded by an immediate and a wider environment that influences his or her goals. These goals are ultimately satisfied by passing through a number of problem-solving stages leading to purchase decisions. The study and practice of marketing draws on a great many sources that contribute theory, information, inspiration and advice. In the past, the main input to the theory of consumer behaviour has come from psychology. More recently, the interdisciplinary importance of consumer behaviour has increased such that sociology, anthropology, economics and mathematics also contribute to the science relating to this subject. 2 Social and cultural influences Culture is ‘learned’ behaviour that has been passed down over time, reinforced in our daily lives through the family unit and through educational and religious institutions. Cultural influences,...
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...Violence in the media has been a growing problem ever since the emergence of mass media. You have to wonder how violence has become so prominent in our culture. More minors are being involved in heinous crimes such as murders and armed robberies. Even play on the school ground is getting rougher. There are many factors that play into the increasing violence, such as over population, religious struggles, and race. One factor that plays into the increase of violence would be mass media. Mass media has the power to reach and influence almost every American. Radio, newspaper, and television are all means by which media reaches people. Television however, can be considered the most influential. Ninety-eight percent of Americans have a television in their household. When it first came out it was considered a novelty, there were only a few channels and the signal was not very clear. Now it is available through air broadcast, cable, or satellite. Television has become part of everyday life. With the growing fixation and attraction to violence in the media, children in today’s society are becoming more violent and aggressive. After reading the article "Violent Culture: The Media, the Internet, and Placing Blame," the author brings up the point that the media was turning the focus of blame in Kip Kinkel case on the internet. He cited examples of how easily information about building bombs and guns was to get on the internet. Yes these types of things are easily found on the internet...
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...Melanie Penaloza Dr. Nathan Himelstein BUS 211 Consumer Behavior at Scholfield Honda The top influences impacting a consumer’s decision to buy a car from Scholfield Honda is social influence and family influence. In the United State, where we drive pretty much everywhere, your car is the first contact of the world. When you look at someone’s car, you might get an idea of their politics, bank account, occupation, education, musical taste, and favorite weekend activity and that is how social influence works. Group membership influence an individual consumer’s purchase and behavior. Every group establishes certain norms of behavior which are the values, attitudes, and behaviors a group deems appropriate for its members. Also difference in group status and roles can affect the buying behavior. In social influences we also study the reference group and the social classes which has an influence impact in a consumer’s decision to buy a care but the most and principal influences to go and buy a car from Scholfield Honda is the family influence. Vinnie Koc, a sales consultant at Scholfield Honda, relies more on his experience than the data to sell cars. “The vehicle pretty much sells itself,” says Vinnie. “Most of my customers are previous owners or someone in the family owns a Honda that wants them to buy a Honda”. If I am going to purchase a car, I will see the sizes of the car, the color, the benefit that the car has, an inexpensive car, one that can satisfy my needs and...
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...Social Influence Conformity 3 types of conformity - Kelman Compliance – privately disagreeing, but publicly going along with the group behaviour or attitudes. Identification – a temporary change in beliefs and behaviour while you remain a member of the group. Includes private and public change of belief. Internalisation – a permanent change in beliefs and behaviour. Conformity is more likely in ambiguous situations (where there is no obvious answer) Implicit norm – normal patterns of behaviour generally understood by all egg personal space, lining up for food/ toilets. Explicit norms – normal patterns of behaviour that are enforced by written guidelines or signs etc some become law. (No smoking signs, speed signs) Sherif – auto kenetic light effect 2 reasons why we conform. Duel Process model both process at the same time Asch 1951 Conformity in an unambiguous situation. Ao1 Describe Asch’s aims, findings, conclusions Ao2/3 Evaluate Asch’s experiment. Consider strengths/limitations of using a lab experiment. Consider S/L of Asch’s research in terms of culture, time-historical consider ethical issues. Aims To investigate if people gave in to conformity even when the answer is obvious, which is called unambiguous. To investigate normative social influence. Findings His findings showed that 32% of critical trials where a participant confirmed. 75% of the participants confirmed...
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...very thin and as a sexual object. These unrealistic images are particularly found in women’s magazines all over the country. Many young women between the ages of 14 and 32 hold these unrealistic and unattainable images of ideal models’ bodies. There are numerous studies regarding the negative effects of women’s body portrayal in the media. Two of these studies, cultivation theory and self-schema theory, explain why and how women internalize unrealistic and unattainable ideal body images in three ways: women’s body objectification, repetitive exposure to unrealistic images, and women’s internalization of the idealized body. These cause women to have eating disorders and low self-esteem. Women should be aware of theses subtle but strong influences and these negative effects should be eliminated. Many fashion magazines objectify the woman’s body in order to sell products by portraying women in very sexual ways and by emphasizing women’s body images rather than women’s health and ability. For instance, a recent American Apparel ad in a magazine, with the copy “now open,” sends the message that a woman in the ad spreading her leg widely is open for sex. This sexual availability of the woman in this ad implies that she can be had by anyone. Usually the copy in advertisements is short, but has influential messages so that marketers can sell more products and can make more money. Although the damage caused by widespread female objectification is very problematic for girls and women...
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...head held high then you will achieve more. “The Law of Influence” : The True Measure of Leadership is Influence – Nothing more , Nothing Less Leadership is earned ! “The Law of Process” : Leadership Develops Daily, Not in a Day If you want to be a leader you have to practice daily on your leadership ability on a daily basis. “The Law of Navigation” : Anyone Can Steer the Ship, But It Takes a Leader to Chart the Course Anybody can say they're a leader but it takes a real leader to actually be one. “The Law of E.F. Hutton” : When the Real Leader Speaks, People Listen People should listen to you and you should not just COMMAND. “The Law of Solid Ground” : Trust Is the Foundation of Leadership You should be able to trust your members and your members should be able to trust you. “The Law of Respect People” : Naturally Follow Leaders Stronger Then Themselves “The Law of Intuition” : Leaders Evaluate Everything with a Leadership Bias You should see every downfall and cheer it up with greatness. “The Law of Magnetism” : Who You Are Is Whom You Attract If you act like a leader , you will attract more leaders. “The Law of Connection” : Leaders Touch a Heart Before They Ask for a Hand You have to connect with you members and know their personalities , strengths , and weaknesses . “ The Law Of The Inner Circle” : A Leaders Potential Is Determined By Those Closest To Him Those who you be around she be a good influence to you. “ The Law of Empowerment” : Only Secure Leaders...
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...communication, we have a responsibility to be true rather than deceive and build rather than destroy. This brings me to the three most important terms media literacy, the third-person effect, and technological determinism. Our proficient understanding of any form of media is important because it cultivates our interpretations and views. Media literacy encompasses many elements and skills without them we are not capable of responsible communications. Second, the third-person effect is very dangerous especially when we overestimate the effect of a media message on others and under estimate the effect on our self. If we do not recognize the influence of a certain media message, our vulnerability to it is increased. In order to be objective, we need to recognize the influence of media on us as individuals so we can overcome this influence and objectively comprehend or compose a communication. Lastly, technological determinism not only changes how we do business, but also develops our intellect and transforms our inherited beliefs. Technology breaks down barriers and allows us to obtain information that can change our behaviors, eliminate biases, and broaden our culture. For us to grow as people it is important to obtain accurate and unbiased knowledge without it we would be locked up in our box or paradigm forever. 2) Important to clear communication is noise, lack of it, mass...
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...the control group, were observed during the limited periods of their television usage and listening to non-secular music. I believe there is direct correlation between adults and children who watch and listen to obsessive amounts of television, movies, news, and popular music and aggressive behavior, stress, dispositions, and sleep and eating habits. The case study observations supported this theory. Keywords: mass media, mass-media control, aggressive behavior, perceptions, adverse misconceptions, psychological adaptation, media nationalism, suggestive media, groupthink nationalism Mass Media Control Mass media can influence opinions, values and beliefs of the general public by controlling the language used to report and communicate information. Our minds, throughout life, become a playing field for the producers to influence the consumers to buy into their various services, trends, politics, and products. It was stated by Abraham Lincoln, during the Gettysburg...
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