...Women? Gender Discrimination in Refugee Policies and Practices Author(s): Nahla Valji, Lee Anne de la Hunt and Helen Moffett Source: Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, No. 55, Women. The Invisible Refugees (2003), pp. 61-72 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Agenda Feminist Media Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4066300 . Accessed: 21/10/2014 10:19 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Taylor & Francis, Ltd. and Agenda Feminist Media are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 158.143.122.250 on Tue, 21 Oct 2014 10:19:36 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Where in are the women? and Gender practices discrimination refugee policies NAHLAVALJI, ANNE DELA HUNT and LEE HELENMOFFETT write thereaneed that is toreframe underpinning rights legislation toafford refugees theories refugee and inorder women moreprotection ...
Words: 6663 - Pages: 27
...Ha, like many refugees around the world has to face challenges that cause them to feel inside out, such as danger and fear. In the book Inside Out & Back Again, Ha says,(Lai,63) “Everyone knows the ship can sink.” Consequently, the amount of people on the ship is making the amount of danger and fear rise. Still, the author is giving a sense of fear and danger when he writes,(Shapiro) “The Kirk would be headed into hostile territory by itself.” In fact, the Kirk is alone and headed into uncharted waters, and the chances of getting demolished by the communists is going up by the second. A different perspective from Ha was, (Lai,63) “Bodies cram…” My analysis of the quote is, the amount of bodies aboard the ship is making the chances of getting...
Words: 320 - Pages: 2
...Aliens were found and eventually moved to a placement camp by a large corporation called Multi-National United (MNU). District 9 later turns into a disastrous slum. The main character, Wikus Van Der Merwe, who is also the field operative of MNU, experiences an incident where his DNA merged with the Aliens. As a result, Wikus begins to empathize with the Aliens. If analyzed metaphorically, one can find the similarities of this movie with the real world. In Canada on the year of 2010, 492 Tamil immigrants from Srilanka were smuggled across the ocean for three straight months and were brought to British Columbia. According to Stewart Bell, a news reporter from National Post (2013): “Passengers said food and water was scarce and crewmembers committed “abuse of power” by withholding provisions as punishment. The report did not explain why some passengers were punished. Even those so dehydrated they could not pass urine were denied water, it said. One man died during the crossing and several were hospitalized upon arrival in B.C. Almost three years later, many have little to show for the effort. As of March 14, just 80 of the Sun Sea passengers had been accepted as refugees, while 82 had their claims rejected, according to the Immigration and Refugee Board. Another 26 had been ordered deported, either for being crewmembers or former LTTE rebels”. The plot of District 9, although for entertainment purposes, still depicts the way refugees are treated and brought to certain...
Words: 1304 - Pages: 6
...makes in her book A Different Kind of War Story is that “The encounter with violence is a profoundly personal event” (4). Secondly, Nordstrom argues that people have a “remarkable creativity that they bring to the fore in surviving violence and rebuilding humane worlds” (Nordstrom 4). She talks about the creativity of those individuals undergoing violence and their ability to build a new world for themselves after everything has been taken from them or destroyed. She makes the argument that creativity is a core survival strategy and a profound form of resistance to political violence and oppression. Nordstrom is careful to point out the relationship between violence and creativity in that violence does not need to be present for creativity to flourish....
Words: 1099 - Pages: 5
...There are different ways in which international migrants can gain protection and/or rights. First is the protection that exists for refugees under the terms of the 1951 Geneva Convention. Under the Convention, a refugee is defined as someone who, ‘owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion is outside the country of his nationality …’. Being a refugee means being unable to seek protection in your country of nationality because of a fear of persecution and so refugee status brings with it the protection of the international community. One of the ways in which potential refugees access protection is by seeking asylum, at which point the receiving state considers the individual’s case to be a refugee. There also exists an extensive human rights framework that should, in principle, protect people regardless of their immigration status and their motive or motives for migration. Universality underlies these treaty regimes and included in this are children’s rights and women’s rights as well as political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights, all enforceable through actions against the state. Finally, there are nation state rights which are stratified by an individual’s citizenship and immigration status within the country of residence (Morris, 2002). Under the stratified system of rights, naturalized citizens and refugees have extensive rights and are...
Words: 1524 - Pages: 7
...Engelsk A, 2. Delprøve fra 22. november 2013 The President of No Man’s Land Ali Smith’s short story “The Go-Between” from 2009, taken from a collection of short stories celebrating the 60th anniversary of the UN’s adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, deals with the difficulties of managing an abstract concept of human rights in real life and the effects on the human beings involved in the execution of this Declaration . The text is presented by a first person narrator, which very cleverly engages the reader to be a part of the story telling and leaves him with a sense of an autobiographical experience. While this is not the case, the tone is primarily self-sarcastic, which e.g. manifests itself in the generous use of the term ‘Professor’, when referring to the main character in different circumstances. (p. 4, ll. 86+102+106). The language is all together dominated by an ironic metaphorical undercurrent, using linguistic instruments to compose the themes and intention of this text. Smith uses open questions to emphasize the interaction with the reader (p.2 ll. 1+11+27). She underlines the ironic importance of a statement by including exclamation marks (p. 4, ll. 87-88), which effects the text in such a way that it almost becomes oral to the reader. The style of writing is informal and light, almost like a story being told from one friend to another. Smith manages to keep the atmosphere light and semi casual although the themes touched upon are...
Words: 1062 - Pages: 5
...ethical argument. Chronologically, the first major philosopher, Immanuel Kant, presents an argument that is based upon solely “a priori” knowledge, or rather knowledge that does not come from experience. Kant explains that because we are all rational beings, we are able to separate ourselves from our current human condition and use our own ability to reason to see a broad picture of what is morally acceptable to others. Similarly, Kant finds that the only thing which is good without limitation is a good will; that is, it is the intention of an action that determines the moral validity of any claim, not the effects both foreseen and actual. Kant connects this idea of morality to the claim that humans should act out of duty instead of just what is according to duty. The difference between these two ideas, Kant argues, is that “according to duty” is acting in the right way only because of the negative consequences associated with not performing a morally correct action whereas “from duty” refers to the concept of doing something solely because it is the right choice to make in a given situation. Rephrased, Kant calls these two choices the categorical imperative (from duty), which is completely unconditional in its call for action, and the hypothetical imperative (according to duty), which has one or more conditions that have to be satisfied for an action to be initiated. Further elaborating...
Words: 1983 - Pages: 8
...The Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goal has eight reports, which was agreed during the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000. The 8 Millennium Development Goals are: 1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2) Achieve universal primary education 3) Promote gender equality and empower women 4) Reduce child mortality 5) Improve maternal health 6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 7) Ensure environmental sustainability 8) Develop a global partnership for development These are the 8 MDGs, which arose from the UN Millennium declaration and are to be met within a period of 25 years (1990-2015). These are broke down into 18 quantifiable targets and have 48 indicators that measures the development gained by countries towards meeting each target. The Millennium Development Goal Reports are followed on the basis of the major principles, which call for giving the follow-up process a national characteristic quality. This is attained by constructing national capacities that are able to prepare follow-up reports, estimating their outcomes and deciding the suitable steps to meet the goals in accordingly with the available capacities and institutional capabilities. It is also attained by following some specific development strategies, that help to develop the national capabilities by confronting the political leadership and decision makers with the certainty and challenges that are faced in attaining the goals. Also the process of examining...
Words: 3151 - Pages: 13
...long term stability, and a negative attitude from Australians toward welfare and paternalism/“nanny state” with a preference towards a belief that everyone is given a “fair go” and has their own agency to succeed. In some ways, this is fair as it is equal and aiming to fix injustice, however it may not provide equity as it would still maintain a class system if some earn significantly more than others and UBI is a small portion of that. However, this will still raise the quality of life of those at the bottom significantly, and this is important when aiming to give everyone the same chance to...
Words: 1679 - Pages: 7
... 25.03.2014 Abstract Human trafficking is a widespread human rights violation in Middle-East mostly in Egypt. Despite the fact it is recognized and the consequences are harmful, state party fails to suspend traffickers and implement penalties, which will be dissuasive for a further violation. The violation will be examined in international instruments’ and victim’s point of view. Uslu2 Ancient Egypt is one of the most rooted civilizations in Middle East by its 7.000 years history and it has reigned under powerful sovereigns whom founded more than 10 empires such as Byzantium and Ottoman empires. The current status of the country is referred to Arab Republic of Egypt, which is administrated by unitary semi-presidential provisional republic. The legal system in Egypt is occurred by two main systems, which are Islamic law that is Sharia and Western law inspired by British, Italian and Napoleonic forms. However in this combination the ratios are not...
Words: 1955 - Pages: 8
...Action against child labour ( ilo) IPEC’s aim is the progressive elimination of child labour worldwide, with the eradication of the worst forms an urgent priority. Since it began operations in 1992, IPEC has worked to achieve this in several ways: through country-based programmes which promote policy reform, build institutional capacity and put in place concrete measures to end child labour; and through awareness raising and mobilization intended to change social attitudes and promote ratification and effective implementation of ILO child labour Conventions. These efforts have resulted in hundreds of thousands of children being withdrawn from work and rehabilitated or prevented from entering the workforce. Complementary to this direct action throughout has been substantial in-depth statistical and qualitative research, policy and legal analysis, programme evaluation and child labour monitoring, which have permitted the accumulation of vast knowledge base of statistical data and methodologies, thematic studies, good practices, guidelines and training materials. Use the menu on the left to explore the many areas addressed by IPEC in the fight against child labour. Child labour and education Education is a crucial component of any effective effort to eliminate child labour. There are many interlinked explanations for child labour. No single factor can fully explain its persistence and, in some cases, growth. The way in which different causes, at different levels, interact...
Words: 1625 - Pages: 7
...W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children w U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies Wo m e n ’s C o m m i s s i o n f o r R e f u g e e Wo m e n & C h i l d r e n N e w Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere...
Words: 101041 - Pages: 405
...Introduction: Woodrow Wilson was the president of the United States of America – USA from 1912 through the first world war – WW1. At the end of the war in 1918, he distinguished himself as the greatest political figure in the international arena with his vision for strong international peace body which he elaborated in his fourteen points speech. (UNOG, Online: 2009) The fourteenth point of his speech was the formation on League of Nations which will usher in justice, peace, freedom and concord. The major participants in the formation of the league of the nation were the Great Britain, France, and the United States of America to preserve the future global peace and forestall such conflicts like first world war. (University of Virginia, Online: 2009)The League was based on the covenant which was written into the Treaty of Versailles and other peace treaties and provided for an assembly, a council and a secretariat with each section vested with a task to help the league maintain peace (UNOG, Online: 2009) Franklin D. Roosevelt the President of the United States of America, Winston Churchill the Prime Minister of the Great Britain and other notable leaders reasoned that the destructive consequences of WW2 warranted the call to form an international organization which would play a vital role in achieving the global peace. (US Department of States, Online:2005 and National Archives, Online: 2009) Hence, the United Nations replaced the League of the Nations after the...
Words: 2062 - Pages: 9
...countries where there is free press, media has a large influence on people. All different cultures could be affected or even insult by the opinion of one journalist. So to minimize peoples’ bad reactions, cultural diversity must be present in every form of media. "Observational materials and interpretations are presented in a simple, concrete, straightforward way, representing many diverse social perspectives and media sites. A great deal of information is presented that is highly informative to the reader about cultural diversity and its portrayal and misportrayal in various media." Imagine you as a owner of a popular newspaper in your city, even though there is free press, you have to keep cultural diversity on a high level, not just because of ethical reasons, but also to keep the rating of your newspaper and to maximize profits. But the most important is that tensions will be held on a normal level. A country cannot exist and operate without tolerance and cultural diversity, and so is the media. 3. What are the three most important things a journalist must think of when reporting of ethnicity? “Culture takes diverse forms across time and space. This diversity is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making up humankind. As a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature.“ In November 2001, the Universal Declaration of Cultural Diversity was adopted...
Words: 2005 - Pages: 9
... which also is one of the short story features. In the beginning we’re being introduced to a 33 years old man, who lives in Ceuta, in Morocco, right beneath Spain. Once he tried to escape from Cameroun, his country at that time, to Europe but unfortunately it never succeeded, therefore he lives in Ceuta. He’s a go-between man – just like the title says. The meaning of a go-between is a man or woman who is a connection between something or a person who’s between something, like in a dilemma – in this case a connection between Africa and Europe. But I also think that the title symbolizes the 33-years old man who helps other people, his a boarder-crosser, but he’s also between two sides, and he has to make big decisions – a so-called go-between. The man talks about his terrible experiences, and how the illegal refugees are being treated awfully. “You know what Spain is?” is the first sentence in the story, and here we are already involved, and it makes the short story more interesting. Instead of being the one reading the story, we are now asked a question, so we, as readers, have a role in the short story. Another thing, which also makes the story catchier, is the narrative technique. It’s a first person narrator, which is a common thing in the newer short stories. A first person narrator changes the way of reading the story, and it makes the story more real and it really...
Words: 1223 - Pages: 5
