...to fully understand the research to be done and lastly the definition of terms for better comprehension of the study. Related Literature All computer scientists who have done work in or are interested in electronic voting seem to agree that online voting does not meet the requirements for public elections and that the current widely-deployed voting systems need improvement. Voting on the Internet has disadvantages based on the areas of secrecy and protection against coercion and/or vote selling. It's such a truly bad idea that there seems to be no credible academic effort to deploy it at all. The Kenyan General elections of 2007 brought national attention to problems with current methods of casting and counting votes in public elections. Most people believe that the current system should be changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes should be made.c really can't trust any code which we did not create ourselves. Therefore, they tend to be extremely suspicious of proprietary voting machines and their makers who insist that we should “just trust [them].” Neumann gives a list of suggestions for "generic voting criteria" which suggests that a voting system should be so hard to tamper with and so resistant to failure that no commercial system is likely to ever meet the requirements, and developing a suitable custom system would be extremely difficult and prohibitively expensive. A voting machine must produce human-readable hardcopy paper results, which can be verified...
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...LET1 Task 317.1.1-06 Expectancy Theory of Motivation Western Governors University Effort verse reward. This is a common discussion among many business executives, teachers, military leaders and other individuals that are in a supervisory role. A frequent question that I’m sure is often asked of oneself being in a supervisory role is “What can I do to get the desired results that I want/need, or am being told to achieve; from the people I am directly responsible?” And to answer that question and others like it is the Expectancy Theory. What is the Expectancy Theory? The Expectancy Theory of motivation was brought to life in 1964 by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management, during “his study of the motivations behind decision making.” (Expectancy theory (2008). Retrieved August 8, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectancy_theory). What Vroom was able to theorize is that there are three components that comprise the Expectancy Theory of motivation: expectancy, instrumentality and valence, as defined below. Expectancy (effort > performance) – expectancy is an individual’s belief that they can reach a desired goal by putting forth a certain amount of effort. This belief is usually based on one’s past experiences, amount of self-confidence and how difficult they view the goal. For example, I want to be able to bench press 300lbs. again. I’ve done it in the past already, so I’m fairly certain I can do it again with a strong commitment to the gym, eating...
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...their relationships. Argument and Coherence: The ability to develop a sustained and coherent argument that deals with the issues posed by the question-has the question been answered or the proposition been adequately engaged with. Range: The use of appropriate references to the relevant theory and literature to substantiate the answer. We expect students to go beyond text books and to consult journals and research volumes. Critical: Students are expected to engage with the literature in a critical manner engaging with methodological challenges, contradictions in the literature and other limitations. Creativity: Additional marks may be awarded for engaging with debates in a creative way provided the creativity is relevant and appropriate does not take from the academic credibility of the work. 2. MARKING RATIONALE The full marking range was available for students to achieve, i.e. they could gain up to 100%. 3. SCRIPT CHARACTERISTICS i. FAILS (e.g. scored less than 50%) – did NOT: A. Reference the relevant literature much, if at all. The examination paper says that appropriate references are required, so they need to be detailed at all times. B. Show much evidence of reading many works in the relevant literature. Here, referring to 1-3 journal articles, book chapters or books is not enough. C. Write enough, and need to provide more content overall. Here, we need 3 pages as...
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...the school that the various aspects of culture are conserved and transmitted. Through the school, the society provides for itself, a formal system of education for satisfying the basic requirements for its existence. With all this, one expects the schools to be a very secured environment in which changes in behaviour can be facilitated. However, this is not always the case. Many obstacles have crept into the wheel of progress thereby making socialization to be impeded. In this paper, examination malpractice is looked at as a major social problem which constitutes an obstacle to progress in socialization in school environment. When examinations are set, rules or a code of conduct which candidates must adhere to while participating in that examination are provided for. Principally, a candidate is not allowed to engage in any activity that will make the essence of the evaluation to be defeated. He/she is not allowed to take any material considered to be of advantage to him/her into the examination hall. He/she will also not solicit for any form of information from a colleague. Now a breach of any of the rules constitutes examination malpractice, or in other words, flouting the rules that govern the proper administration of an examination tantamount to examination malpractice. Despite their important role within the educational system, examinations have...
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...adapting the theory of product lifecycle. In the third section, two case studies are provided to illustrate how the theory of product lifecycle drives marketing strategies. The abbreviation PLC will be used for product lifecycle throughout this paper. Definitions In this section, a number of definitions of product lifecycle theory are provided and an outline of the stages of PLC is demonstrated. According to a prominent researcher in strategic marketing, the PLC is “a generalized model of the sales trend for a product class or category over a period of time, and of related changes in competitive behavior.” (Buzzell 1966; Brassington & Pettitt 2000) The definition states that PLC provides a basic model for organizations to manage products and that sales and time are the two factors to change the period of products. Another definition defines PLC as “ a concept reflects the theory that products, like people, live a life. They are born, they grow up, the mature and, eventually, they die” (Brassington & Pettitt 2000). Their definition indicates that products, which are similar to human beings, experience four different stages. Wood (2004) provided the definition of PLC as “ a product’s movement through the market as it passes from introduction to...
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...marijuana? Can the treatments benefits outweigh the risks? In recent years the debate over the use of medical marihuana increased rapidly. Whereas a patient suffering from chronic pain in California can easily get a doctor’s prescription for medical cannabis, the German patient suffering from the very same symptoms would not be allowed to treat his ache with marijuana, which is the most common name for the hemp plant, or Cannabis sativa. Cannabis can be classified as one of the oldest drugs known to humanity. Its history dates back until the Neolithic times in China about 6,000 years ago. From there, the plant spread to India and the Middle East where it widely served as an analgesic, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, antiemetic and hypnotic (Hall &Degenhardt, 2003). Moreover the hemp was reported to be a successful appetite stimulant as well as effective in treating a number of disorders, including tetanus, neuralgia, asthma and migraine as well as in alcohol and opium addiction and in the treatment of mental illnesses (McKim& Hancock, 2013). Not recognized at first as a substance producing intoxicating effects, marijuana’s use spread soon all over Europe and the U.S. in the 19th century, where it was used for medical purposes. The plants medical benefits were substituted in the early 20th century by pharmaceutical opiates, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and sedatives like chloral hydrates and the barbiturates, which could be given in standardized doses and were supposed to...
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...that inspires one to do something. The motivation for me to wake up early morning is to make it to the university in time. Motivation may be defined as psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behaviour in an organization, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence in the face of obstacles. Managers motivate their employees. Most companies are looking into ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and quality. The question is how to make employees work more productively? This is a question of utmost importance to any manager. The answer to this question is very complex and critical. I will address this question by using various journals, research paper and books. There are several theories which manager may employ in order to motivate the employee. This paper will discuss about various types of motivation theories. It further examines which motivation theory should be applied by a manager in a particular situation in order to motivate employees. It will explain how it is dependent on the size of the organization, environment in which the organization is placed and the economic condition of the nation in which organization is. Motivation Motivation can be divided into two types: intrinsic and extrinsic (Guzzo, 1979). Intrinsic motivation is the motivation to work on something because it is interesting, engaging, exciting, satisfying, personally challenging, appealing. Intrinsic motivation leads to creativity and hence is suggested...
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...Date: EVENT 1867: Parents Hermann and Pauline marry. 1879 Born 14th March, Ulm, Germany. 1880 Move to Munich. Hermann and brother Jakob establish an electrical engineering firm. 1881 Sister Maria (Maja) born. 1884 Sense of wonder at a compass given to him by his father. Private tuition. 1885 Starts catholic school and violin lessons (until 14.) Jewish religious instruction at home. 1888 Passes entrance exam for Luitpold Gymnasium, Munich. 1889 Meets 21 year old student Max Talmud, introduces Einstein to key science and philosophy texts including Kant’s "Critique of pure reason" 1891: 2nd major sense of wonder with Euclidean geometry. Wrote later: “If Euclid fails to kindle your youthful enthusiasm, you were not born to be a scientific thinker.”Begins to excel in maths and science, despite hating regimentation of school and rote learning. 1892 Einstein is not bar mitzvahed so not technically a member of the Jewish community. 1894 June – Parent’s engineering company go into liquidation, the family move to Milan while Einstein remains in Munich with distance relatives to finish his schooling. 29th December - Einstein leaves school early with a medical certificate, joins family in Milan. He had no school leaving certificate but a letter from his maths teacher confirming his excellent maths abilities. 1895 Essay “On the investigation of the state of the Ether in a magnetic field” in summer sent to his uncle Caesar Kock in Belgium. Einstein’s family...
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...Joel Carr Final Extra Credit Assignment 12/11/13 Human Resource Management is the job of attracting, training and retaining employees. Human resource managers are in charge of employees. They need to ensure each employee is getting paid in accordance to the FSLA, and there is no internal or recruitment discrimination. They also need to deal with any internal issues that may arise such as harassment, on the job injuries and any negative acts performed by an employee that may reflect poorly upon the company. Human resources in mainly in charge of job description, determining the right type of person for each job, placing the right person in each job, training and orienting employees, employee development, and figuring out ways to retain employees. The first step in any business whether it is a new business, and expanding business, or if the human resource department is new is performing job analysis. Job analysis is the procedure in which companies determine the duties of each job and the types of people each job requires. Job analysis is conducted using a few different types of method, the first and most effective is to hand out a survey to employees. These surveys include a checklist that each employee goes through and checks off the tasks they perform on a day to day basis, and how much time is spent on each task they perform. The down side to collecting checklists is that individual employees look at them as an evaluation. The evaluation feel makes employees lie about...
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...Environmental and Consumer Influences Analysis PSY/322 January 12, 2015 Donald Crabtree The psychological and social factors that come into play when a consumer makes a purchase are vast and varied. There are many things that can influence us when we make a purchase. Things like the time of day, our financial standings or cultural background are some of the many factors. As a consumer goes through purchasing process then will take everything into account before and after buy a product. The product that will be discussed in this paper will be video gaming systems. The first factor discussed will be reference groups. Reference groups are defined as groups of people that serve as frames of reference for individuals in their consumption decisions before they are received as credible sources (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2010). The most influential reference group is the consumer’s immediate family. This reference group influences things like what type of food to eat, personal hygiene and things like morals and values. These things will play a factor in any decision a consumer makes. With that being said they most definitely play a part in the purchase of a video gaming system. If the consumer grows up and the household can’t afford or isn’t allowed to have video games systems they the consumer will never develop a need or want for them. If a consumer grows up enjoying video games and the interaction involved with...
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...Graduate, Public Management, University of Tehran, Iran Abstract The aim of this paper is to identify the interpersonal communication skills that enhance organizational commitment. To do so in a descriptive survey, the models provided by Robbins and Hunsaker and by Allen and Meyer were used to measure interpersonal communication skills and organizational commitment respectively. The used tool was questionnaire. The statistical community included public organizations in Qom city among which two organizations were selected randomly. Sampling was also conducted randomly in both organizations. Finally, 106 individuals responded to questionnaire items. The findings of the research show that among existing skills in the model, just team building skill has a significant relation with organizational commitment. Keywords: Interpersonal Communication Skill, Organizational Commitment, Robbins and Hunsaker, Team building 1. Introduction The need for thoughtful, effective communication in the workplace is paramount. Seldom does an employee work in absolute isolation, instead, workers interact with consumers, peers, and management on a daily basis; this makes interpersonal communication an essential skill for today's employees. Today's employers look for quality skills in interpersonal communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving, not just the ability to complete job duties (Un ange passé, 2008 :3-4)....
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...ACHIEVEMENT REQUIREMENTS GSW 1110 Section 146L Fall 2015 |Instructor: |Joseph Celizic | |E-mail: |cjoseph@bgsu.edu | |Office: |421 East Hall | |Office Hours: |Tuesday & Thursday: 4:00 – 5:30 | | |(and by appointment) | |Mailbox: |210 East Hall (my mailbox is above my name) | |Learning Commons: |140 Jerome Library | |Learning Commons Phone: |372-2823 (call ahead to make an appointment) | REQUIRED COURSE TEXTS AND MATERIALS • Kirszner & Mandell’s The Brief Wadsworth Handbook (BGSU Special Edition). 7th edition. Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013 • A laptop with a word processing program (Microsoft Word or Open Office) that you must bring to every class, fully...
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...(Effective July 2012 onwards) MMS First Year: Semester I Subject/Paper Maximum Number of Marks Sessions of 90 Minutes Core Papers 1.1 Perspective Management 1.2 Financial Accounting 1.3 Managerial Economics 1.4 Operations Management 1.5 Organisational Behaviour 1.6 Business Mathematics 1.7 Information Technology & Management 1.8 Communication Skills 1.9 Marketing Management 1.10 to 1.13 Elective 1 Elective 2 Total Electives (Students need to opt for any two electives) 1.10 Selling & Negotiation Skills 1.11 High Performance Leadership 1.12 Indian Ethos in Management 1.13 Corporate Social Responsibility Projects 50 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 1000 18 30 30 30 30 30 18 30 30 30 30 306 Note 1: All subjects/papers for semester I will be internally assessed by the institute. Note 2: All new electives proposed to be introduced by the institute, apart from electives listed in the new syllabus; need to inform University in writing outlining the details of the course with learning objectives, learning outcomes, detail syllabus, teaching learning plan and course evaluation procedures within the pattern prescribed at least one semester in advance. Master of Management Studies First Year Semester I Sl No Code Subject/Paper No of Periods per week (90 Mins Each) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Duration of Theory Papers In Hours Examination Marks Continuous Assessment 20 40 40 40 40 40 20 Total Core Papers 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Perspective Management...
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...International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 2, February-2013 ISSN 2229-5518 1 RFID-Based Students Attendance Management System Arulogun O. T., Olatunbosun, A., Fakolujo O. A., and Olaniyi, O. M. Abstract In recent years, there have been rise in the number of applications based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems and have been successfully applied to different areas as diverse as transportation, health-care, agriculture, and hospitality industry to name a few. RFID technology facilitates automatic wireless identification using electronic passive and active tags with suitable readers. In this paper, an attempt is made to solve recurrent lecture attendance monitoring problem in developing countries using RFID technology. The application of RFID to student attendance monitoring as developed and deployed in this study is capable of eliminating time wasted during manual collection of attendance and an opportunity for the educational administrators to capture face-to-face classroom statistics for allocation of appropriate attendance scores and for further managerial decisions. Keywords: RFID, Lecture, Attendance, Passive tag, Reader INTRODUCTION T he emergence of electronic paradigm for learning compared to traditional method and availability of almost all information on the information superhighway(Internet), nowadays have caused students to be less motivated to come to the lecture rooms than ever before. Laziness on the...
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...A study on Purchase Intentions Towards Flat and Land Properties – Influential Indicators and Measurement Statement of problem Now a days the total population of the world passes the 7 billion mark. The growth rate is also significant. The world's current (overall as well as natural) growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. If the growth rate goes on till 2067, it is expected that the world's population will reach 13 billion (worldbank.org). Many Asian and African countries have high growth rates. For the period 1970 to 1990, the average annual growth rate of urban population was 6.5 per cent for Bangladesh, 3.4 per cent for India and 4.2 per cent for both Pakistan and Sri Lanka (Hugo, 1992). Currently the population growth rate in Bangladesh and Pakistan is 1.6%, in India and Sri Lanka it is 1.3% and 0.9% respectively (worldstat.info). The rate of urbanization is estimated to be 5-6% annually for Bangladesh (REHAB, 2004). About 25% of the people of Bangladesh is now living in urban areas and 34% will be living by 2015 (REHAB, 2004) and 50% by 2025 (Singha D., 2001). Among the Asian countries Bangladesh is the fourth largest with the population of 142 million (BBS 2011), but in terms of the density of population Bangladesh ranked fifth where 1101 people live in a square kilometer. Increased population growth generally represents problems for a country – because of increased need for food, cloths, accommodation, infrastructure, and services...
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