...a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel. 2) Waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguides for each type of wave. The original and most common[1] meaning is a hollow conductive metal pipe used to carry high frequency radio waves, particularly microwaves. 3) Fiber to the x (FTTx) is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical Fiber to replace all or part of the usual metal local loop used for last mile telecommunications. 4) Simplex communication refers to communication that occurs in one direction only. 5) A half-duplex (HDX) system provides communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). 6) A full-duplex (FDX), or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. 7) Photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation. 8) Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. 9) Analog (or analogue) transmission is a transmission method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude...
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...How to Succeed in Physics (and reduce your workload) Kyle Thomas, Lead Author Luke Bruneaux, Supporting Author Veritas Tutors, LLC How To Succeed in Physics | 2 About the Authors Kyle Thomas Kyle is currently a PhD candidate in the Psychology Department at Harvard University where he studies evolutionary social psychology and serves as a teaching fellow for graduate and undergraduate courses. Kyle has primarily tutored and taught Physics and Organic Chemistry through the UC Santa Cruz peer tutoring program where he became a program administrator. About Veritas Tutors Founded by two Harvard graduates in 2005, Veritas Tutors (www. veritutors.com) is the premiere provider of educational services and products in the Boston area. Offering subject tutoring, standardized test preparation, and admissions consulting, Veritas Tutors is dedicated to providing the best possible instruction to each of its students. Working with educators and consultants from Harvard, Yale, Columbia, MIT, and other elite academic institutions, our students all receive personalized guidance to achieve their goals in and out of the classroom. If you Luke Bruneaux have any questions, comments, or concerns, please contact us at info@ Luke holds a BA Summa Cum Laude from the University of Pennsylvania, veritutors.com or 1-877-265-6582. an MS from the University of Chicago and is working towards a PhD in physics at Harvard University. Luke was awarded a 2011 Derek Bok ...
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...Lab#2: Activity P41: Waves on a string Jonathan Alevy Physics 1302.101 Partners names: Henry Haws, Johnathan Rios & Miguel Castellano Pre-Lab Direct Calculation of the Linear Mass Density 1. Measure the mass of a known of the string. Length = L = 1.77 meters Mass = M = 5.7 x 10-4 kilograms µ = mass/length = 5.7 x 10-4 / 1.77m= 3.22 x 10-4 kg/m Table 1: Change Tension – Constant Frequency and Length Frequency = 120 Hz Length = 1.0 m T=mg T=mg Segments, n | Experimental Mass (kg) | Theoretical Mass (kg) | % difference: Exp-Theo | Tension, T (N) | 1/n2 | 1 | 1.84 | 1.89 | 2.78% | 18.0 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.463 | 0.473 | 2.14% | 4.54 | 0.250 | 3 | 0.207 | 0.210 | 1.44% | 2.03 | 0.111 | 4 | 0.113 | 0.118 | 4.33% | 1.11 | 0.0625 | 5 | 0.0720 | 0.0760 | 5.41% | 0.706 | 0.0400 | Slope= 18 The slope is equal to = 18; = 3.125 x 10-4 kg/m Linear mass density = 3.125 x 10-4 kg/m Table 2: Vary Frequency Tension = 4.9 N Tension = Mass x Gravity = 0.500kg x 9.81m/s2 = 4.9 N Length = 1.0 m Segments, n | Experimental Frequency (Hz) | Theoretical Frequency (Hz) | % difference Exp-Theo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 62.00 | 61.68 | 0.520% | 2 | 125.7 | 123.4 | 1.88% | 3 | 189.0 | 185.0 | 2.12% | 4 | 251.1 | 246.7 | 1.76% | 5 | 313.9 | 308.4 | 1.77% | Slope = 62.9 The slope is equal to = 62.9; =3.096 x 10-4 kg/m Linear mass density = 3.096 x 10-4 kg/m Table 3: Results Method | Linear mass density | % difference | ...
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...attitudes in understanding the nature of waves as carriers of energy. They become acquainted with the different types of waves, know the different characteristics and properties of each disturbance, and through the process, develop appreciation on the importance of wave to man’s life and his environment.Year Level Standards: Understand the nature of wave as energy carriers, differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves, and their characteristics and properties | Waves | Number of Days – 20 days | Content Standards * Demonstrate understanding on: * the nature of waves as energy carriers and the wave properties of reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference * differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves and give examples of each * characteristics of waves, amplitude, crest, frequency, period, trough, and wavelength * different properties of waves | Performance StandardsConduct research works, carry out mathematical equations, and produce outputs that will reflect the existence of waves including their importance and impact to man and his environment | Lesson Number/Title | Key Understanding and Key Questions | Knowledge | Skills | Teaching Strategies | Assessment Strategies | Resources | 1. Vibrational MotionNumber of Days: 5 daysLesson Focus: * - Simple Harmonic Motion * -Kinds of Waves | KU:-Wave is an important component in the transmission of energy and information.-Knowing wave motion is essential in understanding...
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...sinusoidal manner. These pulses cause distorted current wave shapes which in turn cause harmonic currents to flow back into other parts of the power system.” The problem with this phenomena is that current distortions cause voltage distortions. Which in turn creates waste in your system which is trying to supply the extra current needed to overcome the harmonics. It can also cause component heating and extra charges from your utility company for the excessive draw or disturbance to your neighbor’s power factor. What happens electrically is the ac voltage is ran through diodes which rectify the voltage, and charges a capacitor. The equipment being powered draws the high DC voltage powering the circuit, the capacitor is recharged over and over again. The capacitor only draws when the sine wave is at its peak. In industrial plants the most common causes of harmonics currents are three-phase and non-linear loads like electronic motor drives, and uninterruptible power drives, causes of harmonics in the commercial world are desktop computers, electric light ballasts, and dimmer switch applications. Identifying harmonics is not difficult when you know what signs to look for. As you tour your facility you can check transformers for excessive heat, examine transformer secondary current, and sub panel neutral checks. To verify you have harmonic issues you must use a true RMS multi-meter, these meters give more accurate wave readings than standard multi-meters. These meters read crest...
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...Q1. A single slit diffraction pattern is produced on a screen using a laser. The intensity of the central maximum is plotted on the axes in the figure below. (a) On the figure above, sketch how the intensity varies across the screen to the right of the central maximum. (2) (b) A laser is a source of monochromatic, coherent light. State what is meant by monochromatic light .................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... coherent light ............................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) (c) Describe how the pattern would change if light of a longer wavelength was used. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (1) (d) State two ways in which the appearance of the fringes would change if the slit was made narrower. ...................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................
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...One of the four assignments I chose that best supports the unit title, Energy in Waves Influencing our Lives, is on page 63. The title of this page is Mars Rover Drawing. It contains pictures of a rovers day on Mars. Another page is 65 which accommodates graphic notes about how we use waves everyday. Page 67 is titled Digital vs Analog signals. This page has notes comparing and contrasting the two waves. The last assignment is in google classroom called Influential Device Slideshow, and is slideshow about how a device influences our lives. Page 63 supports the unit title by showing how signals can help us discover new things that may impact our future. Page 65 shows how life would be without waves, and how waves influence our lives, which is the unit title. Page 67 goes further into how many waves are used in our daily lives . The assignment in google classroom, Influential Device Slideshow, conveyed that we use devices every day that must have waves to function....
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...Based on the results, the maximum frequency that would not be aliased was the Nyquist frequency, which was 5000 Hz. In addition to that, the amplitude of the loud voice was higher than the amplitude of the low voice. The number of bits calculated based on the quantization was equal to 9.97 bits. The high cutoff and the low cutoff which are 110 Hz and 1100 Hz, were used to show the Fast Fourier Transform of the filtered voices, which results in producing better voice of the recording. Based on the FFT graphs, the amplitude of the 440 Hz was the highest at the same peak, and that is why the sound was directly clear, and that proves that the played sound was with the frequency of 440 Hz. For the low and loud frequency, the graph showed the background noise recorded with the voice signal. The use of the decimating factor is that it will resample the recorded voice signal at a lower sampling frequency. Therefore, by changing the value of the decimating factor, the between 1 to 8, the sounds became more clear and recognizable. That is because the decimating factor, decrease the sample rate and increase the frequency of the voice signal in order to avoid the signal to be aliased. Based on research, the frequency range that the human voice can produce is in the range of 300 to 3000 Hz. The Fast Fourier Transform of recorded voice in this experiment was within the range of the human voice frequency. If the electret microphone element was used outside on a windy day, the FFT graphs...
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...Paradise I stepped off the hot, crowded plane and into the bright, dazzling sun light. The humid hit my face as if I were getting into a sauna; while the thick, moist air filled my lungs, I could feel the heat of the black pavement comfortably warming and basking my legs like a heater. My family and I finally made it to Hawaii. I was not always a fan of family vacations; somehow, something always seemed to go wrong. However, this vacation, nothing could ruin my fun. I took a deep breath and smelled a sweet, flower scent of intoxicating aromas. As my family and I entered the doors leading to the terminal, three girls in grass skirts approached us; they placed beautifully colored leis around our necks. I buried my nose into the damp, cold petals. I breathed in the exhilarating small of the pink and yellow flowers. We pushed our way through the crowded terminal, which was full of anxious and restless tourists waiting to get a glimpse of paradise. My Dad managed to get our luggage through the mobs of people, and we proceeded outside where my Aunt Rose was waiting to pick us up. My Aunt Rose was known for her crazy style of clothing and her big feathered hair. And to my surprise, off in the distance, a I little petite woman wearing a short pink dress stood across the street waving her arms. My aunt nearly tackled me to the ground as she hugged me, screaming in my ear and whip-lashing me from side to side. She always smelled of cigarettes and her perfume reminded me of a cheap brothel...
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...Geometric Gravity George Gabriel Geometric Gravity Science, the never ending pursuit of answers, it has solved many questions thought unsolvable. It has made the impossible possible time and time again. Yet one question has stood the test of time and to this day remains unanswered. How to unite gravity with the unified field theory or UFT. But to answer that question other questions must first be asked such as, what makes gravity? Scientifically what makes gravity is unknown, gravity is just this mysterious force that exerts itself on universal and atomic scales. We understand what it does but we don’t understand what makes it happen. Throughout my studies I have come across a consistent that I believe needs to be examined and that is, not only a correlation between the geometric patterns found in multi-year planetary orbits and those found when studying Cymatics but also the correlation of those to the orbital patterns of electrons around their nucleus on the atomic level. You may be asking yourself what exactly is Cymatics, or even perhaps what is this lunatic talking about? To begin to answer these questions I will describe Cymatics first. Cymatics is the study of visible sound and vibration, a subset of modal phenomena. Typically the surface of a plate, diaphragm, or membrane is vibrated, and regions of maximum and minimum displacement are made visible in a thin coating of particles, paste, or liquid. Different patterns emerge in the exitatory medium depending on...
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...| 3/5/2012 | | Mechanical Engineering Dynamics lab report.UFMEWL-10-2Vassos Tapakoudes | AIR TRACK Executive summary Demonstrate the patterns and relationships that stiffness and resonant frequencies follow under different circumstances on an air track. Stiffness is a measure of the resistance of a material to deformation under applied force. Resonant frequencies are the frequencies that a system appears to oscillate at greater amplitudes. Content Introduction pg.2 Theoretical calculations and background information pg.2 Experimental design and procedure pg.4 Analysis result and conclusion pg.7 Reflection to other experiment pg.9 Introduction The purpose of this dynamic Lab is to measure the stiffness and resonant frequencies of a coupled oscillator on an air track. Four experiments will be taken in order to see the behaviour and performance of the rubbers connecting the trolleys. Calculate theoretical results by using background information. Comparisons of theoretical and experimental results will be done to see errors and find conclusions. Resonant frequencies are the frequencies that a system oscillates at greater amplitudes. This type of oscillations is what makes systems to vibrate many times. On the other hand, stiffness is a measurement of the ability a material have to extend without deformation. Low stiffness can result in failure of a system and high stiffness is required in the design of systems that deformation...
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...Applications of Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called a quantum well. The layer of electrons...
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...One of the eye-popping techno wonders from the latest Batman installment involves the use of cellphones to “see” inside of buildings. When Lucius Fox plants a cellphone in Lau’s office building, the modified phone somehow creates a map of the buildings interior by using a “high frequency pulse” to create an image. Fox tells Bruce that it works just like sonar. Well to be more accurate he should have called it radar because that’s what it is. Sonar is when you reflect sound waves off of objects to determine their location. Radar is when you use electromagnetic radiation usually at microwave frequencies to do the same thing. Since cellphones emit and receive e-m radiation in the radio wave/microwave frequency range (for cellphones the frequencies are usually between about 800 and 2000 MHz) if you tried to use them as imaging devices then that’s radar. There are many different types of radar designed for different purposes including military defense, meteorological applications (the Doppler radar they use to image precipitation), police radar, geologic applications (ground penetrating radar); the list goes on. But, not surprisingly, none is capable of coming close to the level of 3-D resolution and the depth of penetration that Fox’s is able to achieve. The more layers the radiation penetrates the more it is absorbed and scattered. This makes resolving and interpreting the reflected signals extremely challenging. Nevertheless it’s an interesting idea extrapolated from existing technology...
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...disaster that results from the relationship between weather and climate. Include the following in your paper: A minimum of one reference is required. What caused the natural event? Would the effects of this event be any different if it occurred at a high or low tide? If so how? How does this event change the wave action of the ocean? Which ocean currents (deep and surface) pass near or through the disaster impact area? Is the disaster affected by surface or deep ocean currents? If so, how? SCI 209 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline Begin working on the final Week Five assignment, NOAA Activity Final Section: Marine Adaptations. Create an outline of your presentation topics. This may be completed in Microsoft Word or in the Outline view inside of PowerPoint. Waves which are mainly caused by wind travel in little circles or orbs. Waves decrease in velocity as they enter the shore. The top of the wave is called a crest and the bottom is called a trough. The wave crest which will break as it enters the shore. You will view that in this week's animation. Surface waves should not be confused with Tsunamis or tidal waves. Those are caused by the energy of Earthquakes or other natural disasters. They are massive amounts of water moving out in every direction. Watch the animation, Ocean Circulation, located in your Week Four area of your Materials section. What is the pattern of circulation in the four major ocean basins? What are the...
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...What I have learned In Science 7 What I have learned In Science 7 7-IPIL 7-IPIL SUBMITTED BY: PATRICK GENESON GONZALES SUBMITTED BY: PATRICK GENESON GONZALES CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY MATTER MATTER MASS- the measure of the amount of matter WEIGHT- the composition of the mass of the body and gravity VOLUME- amount of space occupied by an object STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER State- physical condition of a matter Phase- refers to TEMPERATURE that change in state SOLID- particles are tightly pack, vibrating in a fixed position -have definite shape and volume LIQUID- has definite volume but have indefinite shape -tightly pack but far enough apart to slide over one another GAS- very far apart -have indefinite shape and volume PLASMA BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensate) ACID, BASE and SALT ACID, BASE and SALT pH- power of HYDROGEN in water Measurement: 0-6 ACID 7 SALT or NEUTRAL 8-14 BASE ACID- a substance that breaks into (H+) ION in an water WEAK: * Citric * Ethanoic * Carbonic * Acetic * Phosphoric * Nitrous STRONG: * Hydrochloric * Sulphuric * Nitric * Hydrodic BASE- a substance that breaks into (OH- (HYDROYYL) ION in water WEAK: * Potassium Carbonate * Sodium Carbonate * Ammonium STRONG: * Hydroxide Sodium * Phosphate Barium * Hydroxide Calcium * Hydroxide * Sodium ACID+BASE= SALT (NEUTRALIZATION) INDICATOR- a compound that will change color in the...
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