...The halo was incorporated into Christian art sometime in the 4th century[citation needed] with the earliest iconic images of Christ, initially the only figure shown with one (together with his symbol, the Lamb of God). Initially the halo was regarded by many as a representation of the Logos of Christ, his divine nature, and therefore in very early (before 500) depictions of Christ before his Baptism by John he tends not to be shown with a halo, it being a matter of debate whether his Logos was innate from birth (the Orthodox view), or acquired at Baptism (the Nestorian view). At this period he is also shown as a child or youth in Baptisms, though this may be a hieratic rather than age-related representation [20] Nativity and Transfiguration of Christ, with cross haloes; the apostles, angels and prophets have plain ones. (1025-50, Cologne). A cruciform halo, that is to say a cross within, or extending beyond, a halo is used to represent the persons of the Holy Trinity, especially Jesus, and especially in medieval art. In Byzantine and Orthodox images, inside each of the bars of the cross in Christ's halo is one of the Greek letters Ο Ω Ν, making up ὁ ὢν — "ho ōn", literally, "the Existing One" — indicating the divinity of Jesus.[21] At least in later Orthodox images, each bar of this cross is composed of three lines, symbolising the dogmas of the Trinity, the oneness of God and the two natures of Christ. In mosaics in Santa Maria Maggiore (432-40) the juvenile Christ has...
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...Saari 08 Fall Halo Errors in Performance Management Systems - Anita Rajendran Performance Appraisals are the backbone of Human Resources and a crucial aspect of the entire Performance Management System (PMS) but also the most difficult to implement. The effectiveness of a Performance Appraisal can be seriously impacted by the common errors that raters make. Halo is one such error and can be defined as "the influence of a global evaluation on individual attributes of a person" (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977, p. 250) or "the influence of a rater's general impression on ratings of specific ratee qualities" (Lance, LaPointe, & Stewart, 1994, p. 339). The article tries to understand the background and research done into halo error and whether there is clear evidence to suggest that there is a positive or negative link to rating accuracy due to Halo error. It attempts to see if there are ways in which an organization can effectively utilize these research findings to counter halo error or whether any experiments done are effective only in a laboratory setting. Finally review on whether this aspect of the performance appraisal can be incorporated into an actual performance appraisal system. Individual Research Paper – Halo Error in Performance Management Systems Introduction and Background 3 What is Halo Error – The underlying research and theory 3 Deep Dive 5 How to counter the halo error or reduce error? 5 Effective use of the understanding of Halo Error 6 References...
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...The halo effect refers to a bias whereby the perception of a positive trait in a person or product positively influences further judgments about traits of that person or products by the same manufacturer. One of the more common halo effects is the judgment that a good looking person is intelligent and amiable. There is also a reverse halo effect whereby perception of a negative or undesirable trait in individuals, brands, or other things influences further negative judgments about the traits of that individual, brand, etc. If a person "looks evil" or "looks guilty" you may judge anything he says or does with suspicion; eventually you may feel confident that you have confirmed your first impression with solid evidence when, in fact, your evidence is completely tainted and conditioned by your first impression. The hope that the halo effect will influence a judge or jury is one reason some criminal lawyers might like their clients to be clean-shaven and dressed neatly when they appear at trial. The phrase was coined by psychologist Edward Thorndike in 1920 to describe the way commanding officers rated their soldiers. He found that officers usually judged their men as being either good or bad "right across the board. There was little mixing of traits; few people were said to be good in one respect but bad in another."* The old saying that first impressions make lasting impressions is at the heart of the halo effect. If a soldier made a good (or bad) first impression on his...
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...Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW: HALO EFFECT 1 Literature Review: HALO EFFECT NO NAME GIVEN HERE Liberty University BUSI 600-B04 21 January 2013 LITERATURE REVIEW: HALO EFFECT Abstract 2 The term “Halo Effect” has several definitions. In conducting business research, it is important to understand which definition is to be used and apply that definition to the problem at hand. In this paper, we will attempt to define the correct version of the halo effect as it applies to this literature review. This paper will then look at the history of the halo effect in business and define how it is being used today. During the writing, examples and studies regarding the halo effect that have already been completed will also be reviewed to see if the halo effect can genuinely and repeatedly be used in business to increase profits or generate revenues. LITERATURE REVIEW: HALO EFFECT Literature Review: Halo Effect Introduction Definition When discussing and researching the term “Halo Effect” the various definitions of the 3 phrase must be reviewed. Once reviewed, the researcher then has the responsibility to determine which definition best fits their research question at hand in order to best formulate the research design and subsequent answer. One of the definitions of halo effect is from the textbook Business research methods by Donald Cooper. It is defined as “error caused when prior observations influence perceptions of current observations” (Cooper & Schindler...
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...The Halo Effect is a psychological trial conducted by Richard Nisbett and Timothy Wilson in 1977 at the University Of Michigan. The goal of this experiment was to conclude if people are aware of the halo effect which states: people assume that those that are physically attractive are more likely to appear wise, friendly, and approachable. Nisbett and Wilson wanted to debunk the theory that admirable people appear to be more likable than a person who does not have those qualities. The two articles I chose to read and respond to were full of reliable and precise information about the experiment I chose to analyze. The participants were randomly chosen college students that were eventually divided into two groups. They were instructed to watch a video of a psychology professor who was being interviewed. Each group was shown a different video. In the first video, the instructor introduced himself as “likeable and respectful of his students’ intelligence and motives.” (Article 1) He basically was the perfect guy. He was handsome, friendly, and he had an accent (which makes a guy even better). In the second interview, the instructor presented himself in...
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...CHAPTER 2 THE RECORDING PROCESS ACCT100 Fall 2013 Teresa Chu Chapter 2-1 The Account Record increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability or equity item Debit = “Left” Credit = “Right” Account Name T-Account form Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr. Chapter 2-2 Debits and Credits Double-entry system Dual effect of transaction Each transaction MUST affect 2 or more accounts to keep the basic accounting equation balance DEBIT = CREDIT for each transaction Chapter 2-3 Summary of Debit/Credit Rules Debits > Credits → Debit balance Credits > Debits → Credit balance Normal balance: the side to record increases Chapter 2-4 Steps in the Recording Process 1) Analysis of transaction → Analyze business documents which provide evidence of transactions (e.g. sales invoice, check, bill or cash register tape) 2) Journalizing 3) Posting Chapter 2-5 The Journal Also refer to “General Journal” Book of original entry Contributions: Record transactions in chronological order 1. Show complete effects of a transaction 2. Provide chronological record of transactions Chapter 2-6 Step 2 Journalizing: entering transactions in a journal 3. Help preventing or locating errors because debit and credit amounts can be easily compared Journalizing Oct. 1 Lynn Robbins begins business as a real estate agent with a cash investment of ¥200,000 in exchange for ordinary shares 2 Hires an administrative assistant. 3 Purchases office furniture...
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...Tutorial 1 A. Answers to the Review Quiz 1. How does the production possibilities frontier illustrate scarcity? The unattainable combinations of production that lie beyond the PPF illustrate the concept of scarcity. There simply are not enough resources to produce any of these combinations of outputs. Additionally, while moving along the PPF to increase the production of one good requires that the production of another good be reduced, which also illustrates scarcity. 2. How does the production possibilities frontier illustrate production efficiency? The combinations of outputs that lie on the PPF illustrate the concept of production efficiency. These points are the maximum production points possible and are attained only by producing the goods and services at the lowest possible cost. Any point inside the frontier reflects production where one or both outputs may be increased without decreasing the other output level. Clearly, such points cannot be production efficient. 3. How does the production possibilities frontier show that every choice involves a tradeoff? Movements along the PPF frontier illustrate that producing more of one good requires producing less of other good. This observation reflects the result that a tradeoff must be made when producing output efficiently. 4. How does the production possibilities frontier illustrate opportunity cost? The negative slope of the production possibility curve illustrates the concept of opportunity...
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...A Comparative Analysis of Halo Effect and Workplace Today with a Comprehensive Chart Luis Navarro, Jr. Southern New Hampshire University A Comparative Analysis of the Halo Effect and Workplace Today with a Comprehensive Chart Classic Study The selected classic study is non-other than the halo effect, researched by Nisbett and Wilson (1977) and from its titled article: “The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgements.” When an observer’s feelings or thoughts interfere with the impression of any individual, entity, or the like thereof this is best applied with the halo effect. The research, pertinent to cognitive biases, reflects the everlasting portrayals of perception, of social norm, and of the fundamental social...
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...David does a great job at directing the viewer’s eyes where he wants. Upon first looking at Gerard David’s lamentation (or as stated in the syllabus his deposition) the viewers eyes are directed towards St. John then to Christ himself. The main emphasis of the painting is the lamentation of Christ. The lamentation is emphasized by placing the characters in the fore ground in the center of the painting. The composition of the painting allows the viewer to see the whole painting while focusing on Christ’s lamentation. David made the painting so the viewer will see the background and the foreground as one then drawing the viewer’s attention to the foreground where St. John, Mary and Christ are. There are a few objects that are fascinating or attractive. One of the objects is the white lily in the foreground with a yellow flower. Another thing that attracts the eyes is the circular object to the left of the lamentation, which looks like the thorny crown Christ wore. There are also the nails that held Christ to the cross and the tools used to pull out the nails. Some objects are puzzling like the city in the background most likely Jerusalem or the heavenly Jerusalem. This is a huge beautiful city coming out of the hills behind St. John. Another is Joseph of Arimathea wearing a turban and exotic clothing. Joseph of Arimathea clothing is the only clothing of that style in the painting. There are many first responses to David’s painting discussed in the first paragraph...
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...CAMPAIGN PLAN Principles and Techniques of Advertising Y.S. COMMERCIAL HALO-HALO Planner: Harlene Anonuevo Researcher: Dyanara Franco and Ryan Aggasid Writer: Abby-Gail Sayat and Bridgette Guban Artist: Janille Isleta and Ed Jober Miciano BSBA MM 2-2S October 15, 2015 Professor: Aris Solis I. Introduction/Situational Analysis Company Profile: ‘IT’S ALL ABOUT THE TASTE’ For more than 20 years, YS COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES has been a wholesale distributor of high quality domestic processed food products. The company manufactures and distributes premium quality bottled fruit products such as Nata de Coco, Ube Jam, Jackfruit et al principally under the YS brand. The company also has under its line household products under the SUNSHINE brand. The company sells its products to grocery chains and independent supermarkets and the other food service industries. Over that period of time, our business has become highly regarded because of our commitment to quality. In 1996, an investment group comes in and takes control of the company with new ideas and better financial resources to take care of its expansion scheme. Under the new management team, the company has enhanced its position in the competitive market with its new strategy, better image and excellent quality control over its product lines and hopefully towards new product innovations. Presently, we are gearing towards export markets. It is a new venture for the company, however it...
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...Chapter 5 Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis exercises Exercise 5-1 Requirement 1 Year Income recognized 2011. $250,000 ($400,000 - 150,000) 2012. – 0 – 2013. – 0 – 2014. – 0 – 2015. – 0 – Total $250,000 Requirement 2 | | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery(37.5%) |Gross Profit(62.5%) | |2011 |$100,000 |$ 37,500 |$ 62,500 | |2012 | 75,000 |28,125 | 46,875 | |2013 | 75,000 | 28,125 | 46,875 | |2014 | 75,000 | 28,125 | 46,875 | |2015 | 75,000 | 28,125 | 46,875 | | Totals |$400,000 |$150,000 |$250,000 | | | | | | Requirement 3 | ...
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...情單元複習 1） 題目用了意象的手法，有雙層含義，表面上是指“爸爸”種的夾竹桃凋落了，實際上指的是愛花的“爸爸”去世了。 2） - 由於“我”賴床不肯上學而被“爸爸”打，而且“爸爸”不許我們乘車上學，由此可見“爸爸”是個嚴厲的人。 - 因為窗外下著大雨，“我”卻起床晚了，“爸爸”破例讓我坐車上學，到了學校後，“爸爸”擔心我著涼，親自把我的花夾襖送到學校，由此可見“爸爸”的慈愛。 - “爸爸”也很堅強，在“我”去醫院看望他的時候，他囑咐我要堅強，不要害怕困難。 - “爸爸”十分重情義，叔叔給日本人害死了，他急得吐血。 3） 課文利用了雙線記敘法，一條線寫畢業典禮，另一條則是對爸爸的回憶。文章以等待畢業典禮為開頭，由別在“我”胸前的夾竹桃（花）引出“昨天”去探望爸爸，爸爸叮囑我不要遲到，又以“遲到”二字引出“我”小學一年級賴床遲到而被爸爸打的情景，轉眼間六年過去了，“我”即將畢業，卻沒有再遲過一次到。這時，鐘聲響了，畢業典禮就要開始了，韓主任上台發言提到長大，文章又再次從“畢業典禮”轉為“回憶”，“我”聯想到了宋媽、蘭姨娘和蹲在草地裡的人（“小偷”）都要我長大，爸爸也不例外，讓我寄錢給在日本讀書的叔叔，這表示他認為我長大了。 畢業典禮結束了，“我”急忙趕回家，卻還是避免不了噩耗的到來，最終意識到自己已經長大，成熟了。 1） 微：《雪夜》篇幅短小，取材圍繞著兩個老人，地點是他們的家，範圍很小， 密：情節鋪排緊湊，由在家取暖的兩位老人的對話開頭，塑造了兒子還活著的假象，這時強盜急促的敲門聲打破了寧靜的氣氛，將小說動態化，最後強盜從樓梯跌落，被警察帶走。 奇：歐亨利式的結尾，情理之中，意料之外，新奇巧妙。 2） 文章首尾呼應，開頭利用了比喻和擬人的修辭手法：將“雪花”比喻成“白色的小精靈”，“地球”也有了“脊背”，結尾運用了比喻和疊詞的修辭手法：再次提到“白色的小精靈”，以及疊詞“悠悠然然”，烘托出兩位老人生活的靜謐氣氛。 1） “松蔭”、“蚯蚓翻泥”、“小草的根鬚吸水”、“黃土”、“紙錢兒” 2） 詩句“不許陽光撥你的眼簾，不許清風刷上你的眉。”中的兩個“不許”體現了作者對女兒的呵護，“我用黃土輕輕的蓋著你”中的“輕輕”體現了作者十分小心翼翼，生怕驚醒了“熟睡”的女兒。 3） 全詩共十六行，分為四節。每節四行，每行九個字，形式整齊，體現出建筑美。每句詩 不是一、二、四句押韻，就是二、四句押韻，例如第一部分的“累”、“睡”、“飛”，第二部分的“眉”和“睡”，第三部分的“水”和“美”，體現出音樂美。詩中辭藻優美且意象美，如“夜鶯”、“青蛙”、“蝙蝠”、“陽光”、“清風”、“松蔭”等，構成一幅幅美麗的畫面。擬人化的“咳嗽”和“號”，別緻傳神的動詞“撥”和“刷”，恰當傳情的副詞“輕輕”和“緩緩”等同樣體現出繪畫美。 1） 交友篇： 1. 子貢問友（交友之道）。子曰：“（朋友有錯的時候）忠告（勸告）而善道（引導）之，不可（不聽從，不聽取）則止，毋自辱（自取其辱）焉。” 子貢問交友之道。先生說：“朋友有過錯，要忠心勸告，善於引導，若不聽從，也就算了。可別自取其辱。” 2. 子曰：“群居（聚集；湊在一起）終日（成天），言不及義（治國之道，為人處事之類的正經的事），好行小慧，難矣哉！” 先生說：“天天呆在一起，不談正經事，喜歡玩弄小聰明，這就難辦了。” 3. 孔子曰：“益者三友，損者三友。友直（正直），友諒（誠實），友多聞（見多識廣），益矣。友便辟（虛偽，做門面功夫），友善柔（圓滑奉承），友便佞（巧言善辯），損矣。” ...
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...The Halo effect Mr. Yegrrrrn Dennohrr Sasha College 24/05/2014 The halo effect The phenomenon which occurs when an individual judges a person and decides on his likability based on his specific traits. The occurrence of the halo effect is best described in an instance where a movie star or a musician often portrayed not only as being attractive but also likable. An so based on these qualities, most individuals tend to think that they also are friendly, cheerful, have a good personality and so on and so forth. (Thorndike, 1920, p. 25-29). In trying to find an explanation to this phenomenon, theorists identified the socio-cultural theory which plays a major role in explaining this phenomenon. The socio-cultural theory provides an explanation on how social interaction and cultural interaction affects what the mind perceives. It is clear that the mind plays a very important role in the halo effect since it is the one that determines likability. (Efran, 1974, p. 45–54) In this document, in-depth discussions on halo effect are going to be looked into, from the writers opinion, the concept of the halo effect can be generally categorized under the attribute of likability. In other words people make judgments based on the qualities one is attracted to for example people like people who are intelligent, skillful, attractive, among others. Basically it is all about likability of a person, a product or a service. Some of the personal experiences on the halo effect are discussed below....
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...“Don’t judge a video game by it’s case.” Some gamers have called it “cod (Call of Duty) in space” or “A mashup of cod(Call of Duty) and Destiny,” but Halo 5, made by 343 industries and started by bungie, is more than a game. There are Halo 5 competitions with millions of dollars on the line. Most importantly, there is family fun, on the line. Halo 5 was released on October 27, 2015, and made $400,000,000 dollars on the first week. This made it the fastest selling Xbox exclusive ever. One of Halo 5’s most favored gameplay is multiplayer, where you get to compete online with real people. A generally supported gamemode in multiplayer is Forge, where players can create the map of their dreams that people can play on. One person remade a scene from Mario, and caught lots of attention. WIth the new frame rate, sixty fps, 343 Industries could not create split screen mode, which disappointed many fans. However, they added climbing up ledges, Ground pound, and Spartan Charge which had only been in cutscenes in Halo games. The rating shift from M for Mature to T for Teen opened up loads of opportunity for approaching gamers, and now the weapons and multiplayer modes in the game are now more equalized and...
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...Genre Analysis of an Academic Paper This academic paper is following the major of psychology, with a lot of appropriate information on the “halo effect” and experimental studies behind it. There is a pretty good depth of context and background information behind this paper, which helps the credibility and validity of the information provided. Written in the Journal of Psychology, researchers conduct a study primarily on college students to determine the effectiveness of the halo effect, and if it’s still pertinent or not. Stated in the article, the organization’s purpose is “primary to determine the magnitude of the physical attractiveness halo effect” (Lucker 1). Although I found no missions statement of the authors, I believe it’s pretty clear they work through the department of psychology to conduct and update new research for the social behaviorisms of persons, in this case colleges students. The readers and writers say a lot about this article as well. Authors include William G. Lucker, William E. Beane, and Robert L. Helmreich. From doing some of my own research, I found that all three have PH.Ds in psychology, and attended credited colleges. Luker, for example, was an attendee at the University of Texas in Austin. Lucker has also written many of his own books in the field of social psychology, strengthening his awareness for the field. This makes me trust this article and the research provided. From my conclusions, I feel that this paper is primarily written for other...
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