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Hannibal Barca

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Hannibal Barca was a military commander. He led the Carthaginian army in the Second Punic War. Hannibal was realized as a great conqueror because he invented different ways of combat that worked to his advantage.
Hannibal was born to Hamilcar Barca, and was brother of Hasdrubal and Mago Barca. When Hannibal’s father drowned in a battle his brother Hasdrubal took his position with Hannibal serving as a officer under him. When Hasdrubal was assassinated Hannibal became commander of the Carthaginian army. After he became leader Hannibal continued to complete the conquest of Hispania. In his first conquest Hannibal attacked the Olcades strongest city and forced them to surrender. This battle brought the Punic power close to the Tagus river. His second conquest was against the Vaccaei where he once again made them surrender, thus bringing the war to the Tagus river.
In the Second Punic War Hannibal took his brother in law Hasdrubal’s journey plans and put them in action. The Romans were attacking the Po region because they saw an alliance between the Celts and Carthage. After they assassinated Hasdrubal the Romans thought they were ok. Then Hannibal took the Romans by surprise two years later in 218 BC by reviving the alliance between the Gaulish and the Carthaginian Army. Hannibal then fought his way through the tribes of the Pyrenees hills, attacking the tribes with clever mountain tactics and stubborn fighting. He left 20,000 soldiers in this region and released the tribal troops who wanted to leave their homeland. Hannibal then recognized he would still have to cross the Alps and the Pyrenees, and then fight the Gaulish who’s territory he passed through. He started in the spring of 218 BC, he crossed the mountains and spoke with the Gualish Chief’s in his way. After bypassing the Romans and the natives that opposed him he marched into Roman territory at Trebia. Publius Cornelius Scipio, the consul who was in charge of the Roman forces sent to intercept Hannibal had not expected Hannibal to cross the Alps, since the Romans were prepared to fight in Iberia. With a small amount of soldiers still in Gaul, Scipio sent them to attack Hannibal. He met Hannibal’s forces to Italy by moving them by sea. When the Carthaginian army won against Rome it gave the Gauls and the Ligurians the courage to join him which gave him 40,000 men.
After paving his was through Italy, Hannibal was forced to retreat after he reached Tarentum because he failed to capture it’s harbor. Hannibal was recalled from Italy by the Carthaginian war party, who then placed him in command of African levies and mercenaries from Italy.
Hannibal was still only 43 after the Punic Wars and could become a statesman. However the oligarch of Carthage gave Hannibal a chance to re-emerge as the chief magistrate. The oligarchy that was jealous of him had charged him with betraying Carthage while in Italy. After the Carthage victory in Zama, the Romans demanded Hannibal to surrender due to Carthage renewed courage. He was sent to Tyre, the capital of Carthage and Ephesus where he lived with Antiochus the third, the King of Syria, who was preparing for war with Rome. Hannibal soon saw that the King’s Army was no match for Rome he then gave him advise that the King didn’t take because his courtiers didn’t trust Hannibal. Hannibal died in Libyssa on the eastern shore of the Sea of Marmara, where he took poison which he had carried in a ring for this moment.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal http://www.ancient.eu.com/hannibal/ Mr. Calixte’s teachings

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