Premium Essay

Harley Essays

In:

Submitted By fahad333
Words 9429
Pages 38
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235266981 International business and finance scholarship
ARTICLE in RESEARCH IN GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT · JUNE 2008
DOI: 10.1016/S1064-4857(08)00001-6

CITATION

READS

1

11

1 AUTHOR:
Raj Aggarwal
University of Akron
203 PUBLICATIONS 1,943
CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE

Available from: Raj Aggarwal
Retrieved on: 23 February 2016

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND
FINANCE SCHOLARSHIP
Raj Aggarwal
ABSTRACT
This chapter explores how scholarly work in the fields of Finance and
International Business (IB) can be mutually supportive. First, it is clear that technology has been a major driver of modern developments in both
Finance and IB. Second, Finance can provide many insights into IB scholarship since it has much to say about firm operations and strategy.
Third, IB scholarship with its focus on culture also provides significant opportunities for a better understanding of the global aspects of Finance.
Finally, it is contended that transaction-costs economics provides an excellent theoretical and fundamental basis for bringing together IB concepts and Finance scholarship. However, while the potential for
Finance and IB scholarship to contribute to each other is great, such advances must await the removal of cultural barriers between the two disciplines. INTRODUCTION
The field of IB generally focuses on inter-national business, that is, business across national boundaries and, thus, in diverse institutional and cultural
International Business Scholarship: AIB Fellows on the First 50 Years and Beyond
Research in Global Strategic Management, Volume 14, 115–138
Copyright r 2008 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved
ISSN: 1064-4857/doi:10.1016/S1064-4857(08)00001-6

115

116

RAJ AGGARWAL

settings. Consequently, IB deals

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Social Responsibility

...raucous. Harley-Davidson’s image itself took a big shot due to the Hells Angels. This was a motorcycle gang wishing to become notorious for "drug trafficking and other organized crime activities," who used only Harley-Davidson motorcycles. All of this combined to lead to a decline in demand and sales throughout the entire industry during the 1960’s. The industry was really helped out with the release of the Hollywood film Easy Rider in 1969. This film helped change the public’s perception of bikers and sparked an increase in motorcycle demand which has lasted to this day. The motorcycle industry offers products which can be viewed as luxuries or wants as opposed to necessities. When concerning Harley-Davidson, most motorcycle owners have purchased their bikes as a second vehicle, using them more during weekends and off-time instead of during the work week. This implies that the motorcycles serve for recreational purposes and thus are an item which can be expendable at times. This has hurt the industry recently with the slight recession the United States economy is facing. Another interesting thing to note about the motorcycle industry is the different appeal bikes carry in different global regions. In the United States for instance, Harley-Davidson has had much success because of the market trends and tastes people enjoy. Harley-Davidson has benefited from a U.S. market which enjoys casual and recreational riding. This isn’t necessarily the case overseas, as in Europe the trendy...

Words: 2696 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Harley Davidson

...Summary of Harley-Davidson case study Harley-Davidson is the first name that comes to our mind when the topic about motorbikes comes up. The rugged yet beautiful motorbike is a U.S. bound brand that inspires many to own its customized bike with the iconic engine (Kotler and Keller, 2012). Today, Harley-Davidson motorbikes are well known by all; bikers and non-bikers around the globe. The two big questions running through our minds would be how it is accepted globally and how their customers remain loyal. Well, the dealers of Harley-Davidson maintain close relationship with their customers via face-to-face communication and social media (Kotler and Keller, 2012). What helps Harley-Davidson to understand their customers need better is by conducting research to keep up with their customers changing expectations, which comes with the trend and their experiences. Greater brand loyalty and unique experiences is built when they know Harley-Davidson takes their opinion into account very seriously. Reflection of freedom, individualism, the ability to connect with their friends through the H.O.G program (Harley’s Owners Group) is what one would get when buying a Harley. This program allows the members to enjoy various benefits such as discounts, major rides, charity events, new model launches, fund raising, riders appreciation night and much more. Harley-Davidson feels that people development such as by providing training, sharing company values, philosophy, effective communication...

Words: 2574 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Ducati Case

...decisions. Minoli described Ducati’s top management as operating in “a structured chaos” (Gavetti, 2004, pp.861). He believed that by incorporating certain basic structural changes and by redefining company’s strategic goals, it could be turned into a profitable brand-driven company. Ducati’s turnaround focused on brand building which was supported by the reconfiguration of a number of activities ranging from increased efficiency in the production process to broadening its customer base. Having almost doubled its market share in 2001, Minoli wanted to find new sources of growth. Among others he considered the cruiser market, currently dominated by Harley Davidson. His goal was to compete directly with Harley Davidson in Europe by introducing a cruiser that combined Ducati’s high performance engine with its own unique design. This essay will begin with a SWOT analysis of Ducati as it stands at the end of its turnaround program. The analysis will bring to light Ducati’s strategic position in the industry as well as any potential that the company may...

Words: 3191 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Harley Davidson Inc Troubled Times

...Case Study: Harley-Davidson, Inc.: Troubled Times Increase H-D’s Reliance on International Sales. Case Study: Harley-Davidson, Inc.:Troubled Times Increase H-D’s Reliance on International Sales. 1. Which of Porter’s generic strategies is H-D using? Will this strategy work for all of the countries described in the case? Why or why not? Answer: H-D using “Differentiation Strategy” by offering its heavyweight motorcycle through the distinctive designs. H-D are also a leader in the heavyweight motorcycle manufacturers industry and it has more than 100 years old in this market, also its American icon make H-D become traditional brand. Due to H-D becoming the traditional brand in American made version, the consumers perceive that H-D mean quality. Consumers will choosing H-D products because of their high quality products and demand for additional exclusive value without considering the high price. The company currently creates 33 types of models of motorcycles which its target the market into 4 units which is Standard, Performance, Customs and Touring. The strategies of H-D using is work well in U.S. because of as American perceive the good image of H-D company, the heavyweight motorcycle were manufactured and sold very well in the U.S. market for 20 straight years. Anyway, this not means that good for all others country. The company reputation and its long history can’t attract much the European buyer’s intention. H-D Manufacturer has to develop the new design named “V-Rod”...

Words: 351 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Annie Proulx Essay

...Academic essay on Annie Proulx's "Job Story" Choices are something we all make. Not necessarily important choices, but there will always be a time to make them. It's not always good choices, but they have to be made. There will always be consequences, whether it's bad or good. Throughout the story, Leeland Lee has to make a lot of choices. Where to live, where to work and when to work. All the different choices he made, put him in the position he is now. Leeland Lee is an awkward-looking young boy. His face is heavily boned, which he has gotten from his mom, his neck is quite thick and he has red-gold hair. His eyes are as pouchy as a middle-aged alcoholic. His nose is broad and lays close to his face. Lori Bovee is Leeland Lee's wife. She has an undistinguished oval face, and hair of medium length. Leeland Lee is the protagonist of the story, because he is the main character. I would say Leeland is a flat and static character as he is an endless optimist. He doesn't give up when it comes to finding a new job, and despite his wife dying he still gets a job at Unique Eats. The reason he is a static character is because he doesn't change at all. After getting several different jobs he doesn't change anything, after his mom and wife dies he doesn't change one single thing except the fact he isn't listening to the radio anymore, but since that have been an important factor of the story all along, it can also show a lot about how he has changed. The story starts November...

Words: 733 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Job History

...Essay on “Job History” written by Annie Proulx In the short story “Job History” written by Annie Proulx, we follow Leeland Lee from the time of his birth, until he is about fifty years old. In the short story we follow Leeland through his harsh life, with ups and downs, in the form of thoughts, feelings, incidents, etc. Leeland is born in a ranch in Wyoming, and lives there with his wife Lori. Leeland does not look particularly good, in fact he is a very unattractive man; (page 91, line 12)“Leeland’s face shows heavy bones from his mother’s side. His neck is thick and his red-gold hair plastered down in bangs. Even as a child his eyes are as pouchy as those of a middle-age alcoholic, the brows rod-straight above wandering out-of-line eyes. His nose lies broad and close to his face, his mouth seems to have been cut with a single chisel blow into easy flesh” And in the top of that, we see how Leeland through his life, tries to find a successful career, but fails consistently. He moves various times from place to place, too seek occupation and good business. But it is hard when you’re a high school dropout, without a career. Leeland have to changes his job constantly, because of his lack of luck, and since he can’t get along white his bosses. He is never able to stay at one job or place for long, which lead to problems in the family. He has a hard time supporting his wife, and their children financially. Throughout the story the author, Annie Proulx manages...

Words: 357 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay 1

...An essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal[->0] point of view[->1]. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism[->2], political manifestos[->3], learned arguments[->4], observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping with those of an article[->5] and a short story[->6]. Almost all modern essays are written in prose[->7], but works in verse[->8] have been dubbed essays (e.g. Alexander Pope[->9]'s An Essay on Criticism[->10] and An Essay on Man[->11]). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke[->12]'s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding[->13] and Thomas Malthus[->14]'s An Essay on the Principle of Population[->15] are counterexamples. In some countries (e.g., the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part of formal education[->16]. Secondary students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills, and admission essays[->17] are often used by universities[->18] in selecting applicants and, in the humanities and social sciences, as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams. The concept of an "essay" has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary film making styles and which focuses more on the evolution of a theme or an idea. A photographic essay[->19] is an attempt to cover a topic...

Words: 521 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Liking Is for Cowards, Go for What Hurts

...We all know love. We have all loved in some kind of way. We love our parents, significant others and even our friends. But we can also love other things like animals or material things. But what is the difference between loving and liking? And is it better not to love and feel pain or to love and be hurt in the progress? Jonathan Franzen seeks to answer these questions in his essay “Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts”. The essay “Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts” is, as mentioned, written by Jonathan Franzen and published in The New York Times, May 28, 2011. Jonathan Franzen is born in 1959, and he is an acclaimed American novelist and essayist. The essay is based on the commencement speech he delivered at Kenyon College in Ohio, USA. “Our technology has become extremely adept in creating products that correspond to our fantasy ideal of an erotic relationship, in which the beloved object asks for nothing and gives everything, instantly. (…)” As Franzen claims in his essay, many people can feel like they love their technological object. It gives them a satisfaction, which human interaction maybe wouldn’t. Franzen however thinks, that people in general don’t love material things: they like them. There is a major difference between loving and liking – even though it might appear small. “Liking, in general, is commercial culture’s substitute for loving.” Products are made to be likeable, but if that concept in transferred to a person, you would instantly see...

Words: 1039 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Reaction - Salvation

...Reaction – “Salvation” The nonfiction short essay “Salvation” written by Langston Hughes in 1940, presents a theme on the literal and often manipulated perception of children. Hughes narrates the essay as he recounts his disappointing attempt at salvation. Hughes aunt told him that when she was saved by Jesus she saw a light, and felt something happen within herself. As children will do, Hughes took her story literally and was heartbroken as he sat in front of the church and watched other children “saved” while he was not. He believed that Jesus must not want him because he did not see or feel anything. In the end, Hughes is forced to lie about accepting Jesus and in turn rejects the Christian faith all together. I related to Hughes story on many accounts. I am a mother of three young children who perceive everything in life literally, and as a young girl I was raised in a very religious environment. I could visualize and almost feel Hughes devastation as he sat at the front of the church crushed by the thoughts of God not wanting him. “Still I kept waiting to see Jesus” (Barnet, Cain, & Burto, 2011, pp. 351). One of the churches that my family attended for a short time during my childhood practiced speaking in tongs. I specifically remember feeling just like Hughes during a service when other children were speaking in unnatural languages perceived to be sent from God himself. I could not understand why I was not chosen to talk for God and intern was hurt and...

Words: 967 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Drug Addiction

...write an essay on drugs for this topic. Drugs are very harmful and keep the capability of dragging an individual towards death and destruction. People all over the world want to eradicate the adverse situation of drug addiction from this world and this is the reason why they are busy in writing essays on drugs. Essays on drugs are of many types such as war on drugs essay, essay on performance enhancing drugs in sports, essay on drug abuse, essay on illegal drugs, essay on drug addiction, essay on drug use, essay on drugs and alcohol and essay on drug testing, etc. The essays on drugs should be initiated by bringing in the information related to the topic of the essay on drug. You should know what drugs are. In an essay on drugs, you will have to write about drugs, their affects and the reasons due to which people use them, you have to include the information about why the drugs are so famous and how harmful are they. A persuasive essay on drugs will be one, which will be according to the topic of the essay on drugs. It should have a full-fledged introduction, which should introduce the topic completely. The introduction should also have a thesis statement that should be the main idea of the essay on drugs. A thesis statement should be based on the essay question to which your essay on drugs is an answer. A thesis statement of an essay on drugs can be one sentence or more than one sentence but it is suggested that it should be only one sentence. Essays on drug abuse or essays on drug...

Words: 427 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

No Wonder They Call Me a Bitch

...Dog Food Fried, Flipped and Devoured Eating dog food may not be seen as the easiest thing to stomach because the smell, texture and by-products found within the mixture are thought of as awful and revolting. In Ann Hodgman’s “No Wonder They Call Me a Bitch”, although the title may suggest otherwise, different types of dog food are discussed. In this essay, Hodgman aims to inform her readers about the inequality in different types of dog food, as well as to entertain and amuse. Hodgman is writing to a broad audience, one of dog lovers and owners, as well as those that may be curious as to what is really in dog food, or more generally the packaging and processing of mass-produced food of any kind. Language, description and humor are techniques Hodgman skillfully uses to create a strong, convincing essay. Within this essay, Hodgman continually uses diction and syntax that a diverse audience can understand and relate to. In the beginning, the reader feels repulsed by what is written. However, through a light tone of voice and sentence structure, the levity of the experiences and feelings occurring throughout the experiment is conveyed. The personal anecdotes and thoughts make the tone feel less formal and much more story-like. In this way, Hodgman produces a piece that connects the information and readers Shortly after capturing interest through stating questions, Hodgman begins using large amounts of description. Each type of dog food is explained and illustrated so well that...

Words: 595 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Business

...Business Essay Format and its Structure What Makes Business Essay Format? Those students, who study different business courses, for example management, marketing, have to write many different business essays. This type of essay as well as the others (argumentative essay, classification essay, cause and effect essay, persuasive essay, comparative essay, etc) has peculiar features that should be observed carefully in order to produce an essay in conformity with all instructions of research paper writing. One of these features to be observed at writing is business essay format as there is no doubt that format of the essay plays the same important role as the content of business essay. When student has made comprehensive research of the object and has found interesting ideas and sources to support hisher position, it does not mean that heshe has coped with a writing task. The writer should make the next step that is to organize hisher research paper writing in a proper way. It means that attention should be paid to the business essay format. In general, there are different formats of research paper – ChicagoTurabian, Harvard, APA, AMA, MLA format paper; which of them suits you the most depends on the business essay topic, subject, requirements set by the professor. When the student has chosen the format of the business essay it is very important to follow it and not use any elements of the other essay format. In case when you do not get any instruction as for the business...

Words: 426 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Nnnn

...is comprised of two parts: Part A has six questions; you are to answer four (4) questions only. Each question is worth 8 marks (total of 32 marks). Each answer should be approximately half to one page long. Part B has two essay questions; you are to answer one (1) question only. This question is worth 18 marks. Each answer should be two to three pages long. It will be a closed book examination- NO MATERIAL (other than Foreign Language Dictionaries) shall be allowed inside the Exam Venue. You may wish to take a calculator into the exam if you wish. This Exam provides you with an opportunity to demonstrate knowledge application. Although diagrams, analytical modelling and calculations may help to support your answer, this will not be a key focus of the questions. PART A For Part A – Short Answer Questions - while all topics are examinable you should focus on the following themes/chapters: * Operations Management, Performance and Strategy * The Nature of Planning and Control * Capacity Planning * ERP * People, Jobs and Organisation * Lean Synchronisation * Operations Improvement Each answer should be approximately half to one page long. Using relevant examples will help support your answer. PART B For Part B – Essay Question This question will enable you to use the themes listed in Part A and additional material that you have learnt in the course more broadly to write a comprehensive answer to the question. Each answer should be approximately...

Words: 302 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay Writing

...Mennesker i verden. How can I write a critical essay? Actually, writing such an article is very simple if you know the main characteristics of an essay. For sure, you have learned how to write the introduction, the body and the conclusion parts. Now, it is time to get familiar with the critical essay which considerably differs from other types of writing that are likely to be assigned during the studying process. Actually, its main goal is to provide an analysis of the article that you wish to work with in the future. Let us summarize the main steps in writing a critical essay and learn a tip or two to perfect your writing skills. 1. Study your topic interest. This gives you an edge to prepare in writing an essay because you can learn more about the article that you wish to “criticize”. In any case, you are still going to read an article before writing a critique about it so you might as well understand clearly what the subject is all about. 2. Look for information. Writing an essay will always involve the search for information. At the very least, looking for other sources of knowledge that are to affirm a notion in an essay is always necessary. 3. Create a thesis statement. Once you have finished with the article in reference, you can create a thesis statement that will serve as the guiding medium for you to write your critical essay. The main philosophy behind it is to make a thesis statement that will present a notion of either you agree with the author’s discussions...

Words: 586 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Essay

...How to determine custom essay editing company that is legitimate This is the company you will find great editors to provide you with custom essay editing service. Students whose first language is not English may find speaking and writing in English as a difficult task for them. Most of these students are international students who have enrolled in various universities in America and in the UK. The main teaching language is English, American and Standard English respectively. It is essential for students to master well the language of instruction because it is a medium through which they are required to write their assignments and speak in classroom. Competence and fluency in English language will help students to read and understand the teaching material provided to them. It is important therefore for students to ask for support from custom essay editing services which deal with the tips of writing good essays among other academic papers and also to write for them assignment essays. Our writing and editing services is created both for students and professionals. We deal with both the non academic and academic editing and writing services to fulfill your needs. At our custom essay editing, you will find editors who are qualified in linguistics and English language. We are ready to provide you the custom essay editing service at any time of the day or night because we operate as a 24/7 service. Our custom essay editing service comprises of creative thinkers, skillful editors...

Words: 574 - Pages: 3