...in the world today. It has won the noble prize as an award to first organisation and not an individual. Despite UNICEF’s awareness, fundraising, relief work and research, very few people know much about its origin. UNICEF was founded in 1946 commencing with a mission of proving emergency food and health care to the children in the countries that had been destroyed in world war II. Its original name was United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. It was later changed to United Nations Children’s Fund in 1954 after being officially adopted as a permanent branch in UN. In 1959, UNICEF being a permanent member of the UN, the UN General Assembly adopts the declaration of the Rights of the Child, which defines children’s rights to protection, education, health care, shelter and good nutrition. In 1961, UNICEF decides to not only focus on the health issues of the child but also focus on the needs of the child as whole beginning with education by providing teacher training and classroom equipment in newly independent countries. In 1982, UNICEF came up with Child Survival and Development Revolution where it takes responsibility to save millions of children each year. The revolution includes four aspects; growth monitoring, oral rehydration therapy, breast feeding and immunisation. In 1989, there’s a convention on the rights of the child and comes into action in 1990 where there’s the world summit for children. The convention of the rights of the child becomes the most widely...
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...Manny Rodriquez HIST 4306 Research Paper Dr. Keith King Impact of the Great Depression and the Repeal of National Prohibition In 1933 Although both the coming and the arrival of the Great Depression did have some influence over the decision to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment, other factors played a part – most importantly the simple fact that prohibition didn’t work. In the early 1920s and throughout the 1930s America suffered through a period of economic decline, and because of this, the government in particular, was in need of funds to fuel its weakening economy. Taxation on alcohol would contribute towards the resources for relief, and prevent higher taxes in other areas of business which would only compound the situation. Each year the government was missing out on a sum of around $500 million which would be brought in by a tax on alcohol, and would significantly help America during the crisis. As well as this, an end to prohibition would eliminate the costs required to enforce it – an extra expenditure the government could not afford at this time. Economically, an end to prohibition would help strengthen the unstable situation in America: ending unproductive government spending as well as bringing new money into the system. Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment would also meet social demands brought about by the crisis. Those facing hard times wanted to drink, and wanted an end to the law to allow them to do so more easily; thus the Great Depression added...
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...2011 Healthy Home: Healthy Me Review of the Northside Community Service 2011 Severe Domestic Squalor & Hoarding Pilot Project Institute of Child Protection Studies Australian Catholic University October 2011 October 1, 2011 [HEALTHY HOME: HEALTHY ME] Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge and thank the clients of Healthy Home Healthy Me who made themselves available to talk about their experiences of the program. Thanks also to the range of stakeholders who participated in the review. Report by: Megan Layton Morag McArthur This project was commissioned by Northside Community Service. Thanks to Justin Barker and Tim Moore for their comments on the draft. Institute of Child Protection Studies Canberra Campus Australian Catholic University PO Box 256 DICKSON ACT 2602 icps@signadou.acu.edu.au Phone: 02 6209 1225 Fax: 02 6209 1216 http://www.acu.edu.au/icps/ Institute of Child Protection Studies, p2 October 1, 2011 [HEALTHY HOME: HEALTHY ME] Foreword by Northside Community Service ‘Healthy Home Healthy Me’ was an 18 week pilot program that supported nine clients to reduce severe domestic squalor and chronic hoarding within Canberra’s Inner North. During 2009/10, the Aged and Disability Home and Community Care (HACC) program at Northside Community Service (NCS) had received a high number of referrals for people presenting with issues related to hoarding and/or squalor. Prior to the pilot program, all nine of the program participants initially...
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...The Effects Of Divorce On Children Mohamet Thiam Western Governors University WGU Student ID# 000204437 The Effects Of divorce On Children The society in general has a better view of divorce now days. According to Jolivet in one of her recent articles in 2011, if you compare the view of society about divorce in the 1950s when women who divorced were stigmatized and today when half of the marriage end in divorce, the view of society about divorce has truly evolved. The rapid societal changes and economic development have contributed to the rise of women at almost the same level as men for professional occupations and to a higher social status with growing women’s rights. The National Center for Health Statistics has estimated in 2011 that between 850,000 and 950,000 couples divorces every year and more than half of divorcing couples have at least one children. In light of the alarming number of children involved in divorce, many studies have been conducted to shed some light on the possible effects on children. In the United States in particular, there are thousands of studies related to the many impacts of divorce on children well being. Research has shown that divorce can have a tremendous impact on children because it can be source of emotional distress especially in the early years, psychological problems, and socialization difficulties. The purpose of the research paper is to synthesize and analyze the well-supported studies conducted by knowledgeable authors...
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...our society of the significant challenges single mom face. Raising children in this era is a very difficult task for couples and it brings greater challenges when is done by a single parent. This paper explores the emotional, psychological and financial aspect of raising children as a single mom as well as the main reasons why. It will review the causes and consequences in which it affects children, parents and entire families. There is data that has been collected where it indicates the reasons why there has been an increase and the impact that it has on children and adolescents. There are ways single moms overcome challenges. II. Introduction to Challenges Single Mom Face According to DeBell( 2008), about half of American children will spend part of their childhood in a single- parent family. DeBell stated that the absence of a father in a child’s home, the most consequential trend of our time, leads to social disaster(Pg. 427). Goldenberg (2008), states that a dysfunctional family, by definition, has failed to fulfill its purpose of nurturing the growth of its members. Single-parent families are more common in today’s society and are usually referred to as a broken home or dysfunctional families. Single-parent families have doubled since 1970 and are rapidly increasing. According the U.S. Census Bureau, around 30% of American families are headed by only one parent. There are 22 million children that live with a single parent—83% of those parents...
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...An individual’s effectiveness in the workplace often depends on his/her personality, attitudes and values, along with his/her motivation to succeed. Concurrently, the perception, attitudes and values of colleagues in the workplace play a role in determining the individual’s effectiveness. Understanding these characteristics of employees can be very crucial for organizations to operate successfully. At the same time, it is essential that employees understand the values associated with the organization in order to avoid any conflicting feelings toward the work they are employed to do. By recognizing and appreciating each other’s characteristics and constraints, employees and the organizations they are part of, form a highly-beneficial symbiotic relationship. Thus, it becomes imperative for employees to remain motivated and for organizations to keep them motivated. Personal Reflection Having read and understood the importance of personality, attitudes, values, and motivation to succeed, in the workplace, I reflected upon my own characteristic traits to predict my effectiveness in the workplace. Personality Heredity. A very important factor that determines certain aspects of our personality is heredity. Although heredity is responsible for one’s biological, physiological and psychological makeup, and it plays a major role on the personality characteristics of a child, but as you grow into an adult, it is possible, and highly probable that a lot of these characteristics would...
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...development and academic achievement. Heather Kirkorian, Ellen Wartella, and Daniel Anderson summarize the relevant research and provide suggestions for maximizing the positive effects of media and minimizing the negative effects. One focus of the authors is the seemingly unique effect of television on children under age two. Although research clearly demonstrates that well-designed, age-appropriate, educational television can be beneficial to children of preschool age, studies on infants and toddlers suggest that these young children may better understand and learn from real-life experiences than they do from video. Moreover, some research suggests that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. With respect to children over two, the authors emphasize the importance of content in mediating the effect of television on cognitive skills and academic achievement. Early exposure to age-appropriate programs designed around an educational curriculum is associated with cognitive and academic enhancement, whereas exposure to pure entertainment, and violent content in particular, is associated with poorer cognitive development and lower academic achievement. The authors point out that producers and parents can take steps to maximize the positive effects of media and minimize the negative effects. They note that research on children’s television viewing can inform guidelines for producers of children’s media to enhance learning...
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...education program that will promote national identity, cultural consciousness, moral integrity and spiritual vigor, train the nation’s manpower in the skills required for national development, to develop the profession that will provide leadership for the nation; and to advance knowledge through research work and apply new knowledge for improving the quality of human life and responding effectively to changing societal needs and conditions. (Aquino, 2003) According to Aquino (2003), a careful scrutiny of the aforementioned objectives will suffice to impress in the people’s minds the crucial importance of tertiary or college education. There are numerous reasons that college education is important. Among these reasons are gaining advantage over competition, demonstrating aptitude in a specific area and the fact that many job opening require a college degree are few of the top reasons. (http://www.degreedirectory.com). Moreover, college education many more opportunities in working life, especially for higher paid jobs and the chance to work with and be taught by some of the finest and most knowledgeable people. (http://www.importanceofcollege.com). McGuire (2010) stressed that getting a college education is the most important investment one can make in life because having a college degree often provides the greater promotion opportunity. The reasoning does not begin with the job aspect. Some students also put off the importance of college education because of the price tags that...
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...There is now a passive quality to their relationship that takes away life’s luster for both of them. This is the basis for the marriage decaying after three years of union. The lack of communication, enforced by their inability to talk about their trauma, dramatically changes the dynamic of the marriage into a silent struggle. Indulging in conversations becomes a dreaded obstacle for both of them and they both are too detached to attempt to cure the malady; “They weren’t like this before. Now he had to struggle to say something that interested her, something that made her look up from her plate, or from her proofreading files. Eventually he gave up trying to amuse her. He learned not to mind the silences” (Lahiri 12). In “This Blessed House”, Twinkle and Sanjeev share the same malady of marriage as Shoba and Shukumar, the breaking down of communication. This causes the inability to compromise. For...
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...centuries women were not treated equal to men in many ways. They were not allowed to own property, they did not have a Share in the property of their parents, they had no voting rights, and they had no freedom to choose their work or job and so on. Gender inequality has been part and parcel of an accepted male-dominated Indian society throughout history. Women were expected to be bound to the house, while men went out and worked. This division of labor was one of the major reasons why certain evils like 'Sati Pratha', ‘PardahSystem', 'Child Marriage', 'Dowry System', etc. took birth in our society. The traditional Indian mentality assumes that the place of women is mainly concentrated to the household activities like kitchen work and upbringing of the children. There is systematic discrimination against women economically, socially, politically and culturally more so, in India. These discriminations & disabilities are practiced at all levels day in & day out. Women Empowerment is the ability of women to exercise full control over their actions. This means control over material assets, intellectual resources and even over their ideologies. It involves, at the psychological level, women's ability to assert them which has, so far, been constricted by the 'gender roles' assigned to them especially in a culture like India which resists changes. This essay throws light upon the different challenges that are faced by Indian Women and why there is still need for their empowerment. It...
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...mothers are women, who are single, divorced, widowed or separated and care for one or more child with no assistance from a spouse. Single-mother families constitute 13% of Canadian families and they are more likely to experience a lower quality of life compared to families with two parents [3]. Also, poverty rates among families led by single mothers remain unacceptably high compared to the other demographic groups [3]. In 1999, poverty rate in single mothers was 51.8%, which is five-fold greater than the poverty rate among two-parent families (10.4%) [2]. Despite Canada’s efforts to reduce poverty among single-mother-families, the percentage of poor children living with their mothers continued to grow substantially over the last two decades [3]. Many studies conducted in Canada and the United States demonstrate that single mothers are significantly more likely to be young (less than 25 years of age), generally unhealthy, on welfare and poorly educated [9]. Also, single mothers tend to have higher rates of unemployment due to their deteriorating health states and their lower educational backgrounds [9]. The financial situation of a single-mother-family is worsened by additional children demands, which may not be needed in families with two parents. The purpose of this study is to examine the financial feasibility of a weekly baseline diet for a single 25-year-old mother and her 6-year-old daughter. Dr. Kirkwood determined the baseline diet for this family, which meets the minimum...
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...more precise, Garcia Marquez tends to reveal mostly politics in his writings. Garcia Marquez was born in 1928 in the town of Aracataca, Colombia. Colombia is a unitary constitutional republic comprised of thirty-two departments. In the past, the intense battle over sovereignty between the conservatives and liberals never stopped; the continuing conflicts between political parties even initiated civil wars, which played a big role in the formation of Colombia. The unstable and chaotic political situation partly influenced Garcia Marquez’s writings. As a Colombian who was born during such turbulent times, Garcia Marquez witnessed and experienced various historical events. The history of Colombia and his personal experiences played a huge part in inspiring Garcia Marquez’s writing. Here comes the question, why would Garcia Marquez write about politics through Magical Realism? What is his intention? Since Garcia Marquez’s childhood, Colombia’s political situation had been unstable and chaotic. For many years, dictatorship, imperialism and feudalism, had restricted people from revealing the genuine side of Colombia. In an interview with Paris Review, Garcia Marquez disclosed his feelings when he decided to write One Hundred Years of Solitude. “I decided that writing about the village and my childhood was really...
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...motivation in organizations. Major Topic Areas • Changing nature of work • Diversity and age • Goal setting • Organizational downsizing • Organizational justice The Scenario Morgan-Moe’s drug stores are in trouble. A major regional player in the retail industry, the company has hundreds of stores in the upper Midwest. Unfortunately, a sharp decline in the region’s manufacturing economy has put management in a serious financial bind. Revenues have been consistently dwindling. Customers spend less, and the stores have had to switch their focus to very low-margin commodities, such as milk and generic drugs, rather than the high-margin impulse-buy items that used to be the company’s bread and butter. The firm has had to close quite a few locations, reversing its expansion plans for the first time since it incorporated. Being that this is uncharted territory for the company, Jim Claussen, vice president for human relations, had been struggling with how to address the issue with employees. As the company’s fortunes worsened, he could see that employees were becoming more and more disaffected. Their insecurity about their jobs was taking a toll on attitudes. The company’s downsizing was big news, and the employees didn’t like what they were hearing. Media reports of Morgan-Moe’s store closings have focused on the lack of advance notice or communication...
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...motivation in organizations. Major Topic Areas • Changing nature of work • Diversity and age • Goal setting • Organizational downsizing • Organizational justice The Scenario Morgan-Moe’s drug stores are in trouble. A major regional player in the retail industry, the company has hundreds of stores in the upper Midwest. Unfortunately, a sharp decline in the region’s manufacturing economy has put management in a serious financial bind. Revenues have been consistently dwindling. Customers spend less, and the stores have had to switch their focus to very low-margin commodities, such as milk and generic drugs, rather than the high-margin impulse-buy items that used to be the company’s bread and butter. The firm has had to close quite a few locations, reversing its expansion plans for the first time since it incorporated. Being that this is uncharted territory for the company, Jim Claussen, vice president for human relations, had been struggling with how to address the issue with employees. As the company’s fortunes worsened, he could see that employees were becoming more and more disaffected. Their insecurity about their jobs was taking a toll on attitudes. The company’s downsizing was big news, and the employees didn’t like what they were hearing. Media reports of Morgan-Moe’s store closings have focused on the lack of advance notice or communication...
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...physical in nature, and gave no consideration to the mind or spiritual side of the human being. In this section we will compare the differences between Era II, the Body/Mind model, which emerged around the 1950s, and Era III, the Body/Mind/Spirit or Bio/Psycho/Social model which emerged in the 1990s. During the mid-20th century, Health care providers began to understand that human consciousness played an important role in overall wellness. They recognized that patients with a positive mental attitude about their condition and care generally healed faster than those who did not. Doctors and nurses started to value and encourage input from the patients in their care. Health care professionals began to notice that emotional well-being, personal belief system and attitude all had a definite impact on health and for the first time became important in treating disease. This new phenomenon was considered to be unique to the individual. The condition of the patient improved or worsened based on their own consciousness with no shared cognitive help from others. As with all things new, some were slow to accept these new ideas. The third era began to emerge in the 1990s and like the ERA II, recognized that conscious thought played an important role on overall health. The big difference in...
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