...Review – Exam 2 This is just an outline; make sure you go over everything. Materials: Exam 2 will cover chapters 13, 14, 15, 18 & 19: everything we have covered in the class. Exam 2 will start Sharp at 6:00 pm. The allotted time for exam 2 will be 6:00 to 6:50 pm Format: There will be 40 multiple choice questions, scantrons will be provided. Main Concepts Chapter 13: * Soil forming factors * Soil formation begins with fragmentation of parent material. * Parent material consists of ancient layers of rock, or more recent deposits from lava flows or glacial activity. * The first organisms to gain a foothold in modified parent material also contribute to soil formation. * Lichens form pioneer communities. * Decomposition of dead lichens further alters underlying rock. Humus is the organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animal remains. * It mixes with top layers of mineral particles, and supplies needed nutrients to plants. * It creates a crumbly soil that allows adequate water absorption and drainage. * Burrowing animals such as earthworms bring nutrients up from deeper soil layers, improving soil fertility. * * The organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animals remains is called………….? HUMUS * Soil properties: Soil texture Soil texture is determined by the size of mineral particles within the soil. * Too many large particles (sand, gravel) lead to extreme...
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...methods available for the disposal of waste materials. Determine which method of waste management you would recommend for the proper disposal of your selected waste materials. Be sure to provide an explanation for your recommendation. When discussing the proper disposal of any waste material the purpose would be to achieve immediate reduction of waste in our landfills, waterways and air. Incinerators are used to burn waste materials primarily for waste destruction/treatment purposes; however, some energy or material recovery can occur. When performed properly, incineration destroys the toxic organic constituents in hazardous waste and reduces the volume of the waste.” (www.epa.gov). “BIFs are typically used to burn hazardous waste for the significant energy and material recovery potential, with waste treatment being a secondary benefit. Boilers typically combust waste for energy recovery, while industrial furnaces burn waste for both energy and material recovery”. (www.epa.gov).” Recycling is almost always the best way to get rid of waste, even when it is exported abroad, according to the biggest ever report on the industry for the UK government.”(www.guarden.co.uk). After doing a lot of reading and research I have better educated myself about how we handle waste now and how we can stop destroying the earth and improve it. I believe that the best method for disposal of waste materials is recycling. By recycling solid waste, hazardous waste, we reduce the amount that is in our...
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...Research Project: E-Waste 1. What are the environmental issues associated with e-waste? E-Waste (electronic or electrical) is generated from any equipment (running on electricity or a battery) that isdiscarded by the original user (still in working or non-working condition). The processes of dismantling and disposing of electronic waste in the third world lead to a number of environmental impacts as illustrated in the graphic. Liquid and atmospheric releases end up in bodies of water, groundwater, soil, and air and therefore in land and sea animals – both domesticated and wild, in crops eaten by both animals and human, and in drinking water. One study of environmental effects in Guiyu, China found the following: * Airborne dioxins – one type found at 100 times levels previously measured * Levels of carcinogens in duck ponds and rice paddies exceeded international standards for agricultural areas and cadmium, copper, nickel, and lead levels in rice paddies were above international standards * Heavy metals found in road dust – lead over 300 times that of a control village’s road dust and copper over 100 times The environmental impact of the processing of different electronic waste components: E-Waste Component | Process Used | Potential Environmental Hazard | Cathode ray tubes (used in TVs, computer monitors, ATM, video cameras, and more) | Breaking and removal of yoke, then dumping | Lead, barium and other heavy metals leaching into the ground water and...
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...The global impact of e-waste Addressing the challenge SECTOR Sectoral Activities Department SafeWork Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge Karin Lundgren SafeWork and SECTOR International Labour Organization Geneva 2012 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Lundgren, Karin The global impact of e-waste: addressing the challenge / Karin Lundgren; International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR). – Geneva: ILO, 2012 ISBN 978-92-2-126897-0 (print) ISBN...
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...E MODULE 7.5 Chemical methods of treatment of hazardous wastes Chemical Oxidation and reduction Ozonolysis Acid-base neutralization Chemical precipitation Hydrolysis Ion exchange Thermal treatment methods Performance of hazardous wastes incinerators Advantages of incineration Disadvantages of incineration Wet air oxidation Photolysis Biological treatment of hazardous wastes Land treatment Preparation of wastes for disposal Land disposal Land fills Surface impoundments Underground injection References 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 12 12 12 14 15 16 MODULE 7.5 Chemical and other methods of treatment of hazardous wastes The selection of a treatment process for a waste stream depends on among other factors the nature of the waste, desired characteristics of the output stream. Most of the times the chemical property of the waste constituents determine its applicability in waste treatment. In this chapter the major chemical treatment processes applicable to hazardous waste such as chemical oxidation-reduction, acid-base neutralisation, precipitation, hydrolysis, ion exchange, thermal treatment methods, wet air oxidation photolysis and biodegradation are discussed. Chemical Oxidation and reduction: (I) Oxidation reduction methods provide another important chemical treatment alternative for hazardous wastes. One important chemical redox treatment involves the oxidation of cyanide wastes from metal finishing industry, using chlorine in alkali solution. In this reaction...
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...Environmental Compliance On-Site Evaluations Ali Etebari (603) 868-1447 E-mail: aetebari@vt.edu Facility: New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NH DES) Small Business Technical Assistance Program (SBTAP) 64 North Main St P. O. Box 2033 Concord, NH 03302-2033 Contact: Rudy Cartier NH DES Small Business Ombudsman Phone: 1-800-837-0656 Fax: 271-1381 E-mail: cartier@desarsb.mv.com Faculty Advisor: Dr. Ihab Farag 255 Kingsbury Hall University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction/Background 3 Goals/Objectives 4 Approach/Methodology 4 Chemical Usage, Equipment Needs 4 Releases/Wastes Generated at the Facility 5 Details of Work Accomplished/Project Results 5 Pollution Prevention Benefits 5 Recommendations for Future Efforts 6 References 6 Appendices: A. Sample Report 6 B. Evaluation Checklist 10 C. Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 13 Executive Summary: SBTAP is offering small-scale automotive repair and refinishing businesses free confidential on-site inspections in order to increase their awareness of certain environmental compliance issues and their solutions. These issues, when ignored, often result in serious health hazards and legal consequences. Many small businesses are uneducated on the State’s strict regulations, but...
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...Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World In recent 0years, most companies are striving to become a benefit corporation (B-corporation). This legal form of corporation is to provide legal protection to management that want to both maximize shareholder income and pursue a social or environmental agenda (Andre, 2012). This paradigm shift is due to consumer’s awareness, global warming and globalization in the business world. All global companies have developed ethical, environmental and sustainability policies for their employees, suppliers, contractors and other stakeholders to follow. This paper will examine PharmaCare’s ethical and social responsibility around its operations, products, and obligation to stakeholders. PharmaCare, a renowned fortune 500 pharmaceutical company listed on the NASDAQ is one of the companies that have all these initiatives in place. It is considered one of the most ethical and social responsible companies in the world due to many initiatives it takes to commit to its responsibility to protect the environment and enhance the quality of life for millions around the world. The stakeholders in PharmaCare’s global operation are employee, suppliers, shareholders, government, communities, consumers, physicians, healthcare facilities, and the African nation of Colberia. PharmaCare has a legal obligation to all of these stakeholders. Below are some of the reasons...
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...large drugstore chain that purchased CompCARe and began to see the effects of the bad business decisions that PharmaCAre made. Donna was a PharmaCare employee whom had perfect attendance prior to becoming ill due the condition of the manufacturing plant. Tom was one of the supervisors of the plan whom threatened going to OSHA about the issues of the lab and condition of the workplace. Ayesha was an employee of PharmaCare whom had issues with being promoted to a supervisor. She filed an EEOC complaint related to religious discrimination. Allen was the manager of the plant and responsible for the condition of the plant. Allen chose to fire Donna, Tom & Ayesha to keep is potential bonus. Analyze the ethics of PharmaCARE’s treatment of the Colberia’s indigenous population and its rank-and-file workers versus that of its executives We know that there were some issues with at the manufacturing facility in the African nation of Colberia. In Colberia the company has found several “healers” eager to freely share information about indigenous cures and an abundance of Colberians willing to work for $1.00 a day, harvesting plants by walking five (5) miles into...
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...of non-sustainable practices relating to land, water, and air pollution. The three non-sustainable practices evaluated further are solid waste, and hazardous waste causing land pollution, hazardous waste causing water pollution, and gaseous waste causing air pollution. These areas are the most harmful to the immediate population, which includes the plant workers and the communities. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Causing Land Pollution One of the non-sustainable practices is adding to land pollution. Currently, off-spec materials are sent to the landfill (Apollo, 2012). In addition to this, scrap plastic managed as waste goes to the landfill (Apollo). The biggest problem is that plastic is not biodegradable. When plastic and off-spec products are sent to the landfill, breakdown occurs but at minimal rates and these take longer to biodegrade over time. To remain compliant with government regulations, Riordan Manufacturing is required to identify hazardous waste generated each month if it exceeds 2,200 pounds (Apollo, 2012). If Riordan Manufacturing’s plants generate products in excess of 2,200 pounds per month, a set procedure needs to be followed to ensure proper disposal (Apollo). Regulations are set to minimum standards, and Riordan Manufacturing should set its goals to achieve the higher standards regardless of how much waste is generated per month. One way of doing this is to set up specific...
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...Abstract Hurricane Sandy brought many hazardous to the United States in 2012. The amount of spill runoff on the Eastern Coast proved to be a difficult yet tedious task to be cleaned up. Many guidelines needed to be followed and problems needed to be assessed. As time went by companies and organizations came together to tackle the hazardous wastes runoff which included untreated sewage, oil, and your everyday household items. Plans for future natural disasters were also implemented to prevent lasting effects from spill runoff. In October of 2012, Hurricane Sandy became a devastation to the Eastern Part of the United States. Sandy not only wiped away homes, buildings, businesses, etc., it also left behind many hazards and lasting damages. One main problem that this hurricane promoted was the release of sewage. It is said that over ten billion gallons of treated sewage flooded into the streets and homes. This amount is equivalent to piling up forty-one feet of sewage across the span of central park. Not only did the sewage flood streets and homes, it also leaked into the rivers, canals, and bays of New York and New Jersey. Needless to say, this overwhelmed the states as they were not prepared to combat or handle this type of pressure (Schwirtz, Michael). Time had passed and operations had come into play to begin cleaning up the hazardous waste. Just when the clean up began, other problems began to occur....
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...An Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Bawku Presbyterian Hospital of the Upper East Region of Ghana. Francis Abugri AKUM, Ghana (MPH, CEMBA, PhD Public Health Student of Texila American University) Email: akumfrancis@gmail.com Mob: +233 244 767 431 Abstract Background Medical waste unlike other ordinary waste poses serious health risk to the handlers, health staff, patients and the community. The area of medical waste management is neglected in most health care facilities in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to assess the Medical Waste management practices in Bawku Presbyterian Hospital of the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods The study used structured questionnaires, observation checklist and key informant interview guide to collect data from management staff and waste workers. Results It was observed that there was low knowledge about medical waste among waste workers. Medical waste is not segregated, waste containers not coded/labelled, no secured storage area for waste, no budget specifically for medical waste management and no waste management manual in the hospital. Conclusion This study has shown that, waste management in the hospital is poor and has health implications to the handlers, staff, patients and visitors. Keywords: medical waste, Bawku Presbyterian Hospital, waste segregation, waste storage. Introduction Health care services generates waste just like other human activities which has to be managed and dispose...
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...What is Hazardous Waste? Hazardous Waste is a "solid waste" which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may: Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored or disposed of, or otherwise mismanaged; or Cause or contribute to an increase in mortality, or an increase in irreversible or incapacitating illness. A "solid waste" is defined as any discarded material that is abandoned by being disposed of, burned or incinerated, recycled or considered "waste-like." A solid waste can physically be a solid, liquid, semi-solid, or container of gaseous material. A waste is classified as a hazardous waste if it has a hazardous characteristic listed below or is listed as a hazardous waste in EPA's page with the list of identifies hazardous wastes. We could only find the list for Ohio. Hazardous Characteristics: Ignitable Hazardous Waste A liquid waste which has a flash point of less than or equal to 140 degrees F (60 degrees C) as determined by an approved test method. A non-liquid waste which, under standard conditions, is capable of causing a fire through friction, absorption of moisture or a spontaneous chemical change and when ignited, the waste burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard. An ignitable compressed gas or oxidizer. Corrosive Hazardous Waste An aqueous waste with a pH ofless than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to...
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...shall regulate the waste management,plans of program for waste management,rights and obligations of the legal entities for waste collection and individuals related to waste managements,the manner of the conditions for waste collection,transportation,treatment,processing,storage and disposal, waste import,export and transit,mentoring,information system and financing Article 2 Application of the Law The provisions of this law shall apply to all kinds of waste listed in the List of wastes,except to: 1.Radioactive waste 2.Waste generated during research,exploitation,processing and storage of mineral raw materials and the work of quarries 3.Gaseous effluent emitted into the atmosphere 4.Waste water,except liquid waste 5.Animal waste(carcases,manure,excrement etc.),as well as other types of non hazardous materials of natural origin used in agriculture and; 6.Decommissioned explosives and dispersing devices and materials. Article 3 Objectives of the Law The objectives of this Law shall be to provided: 1.Avoidance and reduction to the maximum possible extent of the amount of waste generation 2.Re-use of usable components of the waste 3.Sustainable development through protection and saving natural resources. 4.Prevention of negative impacts of waste on the environment,human lfe and health. 5.Environmentally acceptable waste disposal and; 6.High level protection of the environment,human life and health Article 4 Activity of Public Interest Waste management shall...
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...Riordan Current Business Practices Audit MGT/360 University of Phoenix Riordan Current Business Practices Audit Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer with locations in California, Georgia, Michigan, and China. The vice president of operations decided to develop a sustainability plan. Team A has been assigned the task to conduct a business audit to evaluate the Riordan’s current business practices at each location. The audit provides valuable information to identify the nonsustainable business practices and how each effects the environment. The subject in this paper is how Riordan Manufacturing will identify their nonsustainable practices, federal regulations, mandatory, and voluntary actions necessary to implement a successful sustainability plan. Nonsustainable Business Practices The business practice audits brought to light three nonsustainable practices. The three practices highlighted by the audit include wasted energy from the plants, the use of toxic cleaning solvents, and spilled ink. These three business practices can be very harmful to the environment. Burning fossil fuels for energy creates gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and volatile organic compounds. These gases cause air pollution. They can cause several kinds of air pollution, particular matter, smog, and ozone (New Energy Alternative, 2008). Air pollution can travel thousands of miles and can harm areas that burn fossil fuels sparingly. The next nonsustainable...
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...As an international health educator, I will be conducting a needs assessment process for solid and hazardous waste management in Malaysia, which is a developing country that has major public health and environmental concerns especially in urban areas. Global Environment Centre says that “Solid waste is one of the three major environmental problems in Malaysia and currently, over 23,000 tons of waste is produced each day in Malaysia. However, this amount is expected to rise to 30,000 tons by the year 2020. The amount of waste generated continues to increase due to the increasing population and development, and only less than 5% of the waste is being recycled.” According to WHO Western Pacific Regional Environmental Health Centre (EHC), “ Some of the main problems in Malaysia are technical, financial, economic and social constraints. The first steps I will take in my needs assessment survey will be to collect background information on the communities in Malaysia. I will then develop a series of questions to address to the communities in collecting existing data and some of the processes that are currently in place. For example: What are they currently doing to reduce waste, what provides waste removal and do they have any type of recycling services or litter cleanup programs, also do they have any type of waste management for the disposal of hazardous waste for industrial and healthcare facilities. Malaysia has over 1800 rivers which are their only water resource so I...
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