...The health belief model (HBM) was developed to explain why people were not actively participating in programs to prevent and detect diseases (Current Nursing, 2013). It is a good tool for addressing health problems that causes concerns. It is a model that the nurse uses to come with a way to meet the needs and capabilities of the individual making the health behavior change (Heady, 2013). The health belief model addresses 4 areas: The severity of the illness, the patient’s susceptibility to the illness, benefits of preventative actions and barriers that prevent the patient from taking that action (Current Nursing, 2013). The first thing that a nurse would need to do is to determine if the patient’s level of understanding of what the behavioral change means to him and his health. If the patient does not know why he is making this change then how effective is this change going to be. He will attempt to make the change to appease the nurse or because the nurse said so. The patient has to be aware of the impact of the change and if he thinks that it will be beneficial to his health. Based on the answer that the nurse receives from the patient then the next step will be made which is developing a plan. The patient has to be involved in the plan and the patient’s feedback is important. During the planning phase, the nurse can reiterate about the illness and the benefits of lifestyle changes. She can give the patient information to read and allow the patient to ask questions. While...
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...Using the health belief model, how can the nurse encourage a patient, who is status post myocardial infarction, to make immediate and permanent behavior changes in his or her eating habits and activity levels especially when the patient views these changes to be insurmountable? Provide a nursing diagnosis with interventions and outcomes to assess the patient's behavior changes. First the nurse would have to determine the patient’s understanding of what and how changes can affect his recovery. The nurse could then develop a plan based on the patient’s knowledge and readiness. Once a teaching plan is developed, the nurse could then divide the plan into small steps that the patient can take and build upon in time so that the task does not overwhelm the patient. Like in the need to decrease the amount of salt in his food. Instead of telling him absolutely no salt, say instead of adding extra salts to your foods try a salt substitute like Ms. DASH and look for soup that have the heart healthy sign on them. Then further educate the patient on the effect of salt on his damaged heart and what it could mean if action is not taken. This would use the health belief model in that it has explained to the patient what health related action needs to be taken in order to avoid a negative health condition. Nursing diagnosis: Stress overload related to major lifestyle changes as evidenced by patient stating “I am just so overwhelmed with all this happening so fast, one day I’m healthy and the...
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...Using the health belief model, how can the nurse encourage a patient, who is status post myocardial infarction, to make immediate and permanent behavior changes in his or her eating habits and activity levels especially when the patient views these changes to be insurmountable? Provide a nursing diagnosis with interventions and outcomes to assess the patient's behavior changes. Using the health belief model the nurse has to determine the patients understanding of how changes in his eating habits and activity can affect his recovery status post myocardial infarction (MI). Follow the health beliefs model of “individual perceptions or readiness for change.” (Edelman, Mandel, P. 248, 2010) The nurse would develop a plan around the information obtained regarding patient’s previous behaviors and the necessary changes needed to recover post MI. The plan would include multiple small changes that would equal a healthier lifestyle. The most appropriate plan would be negotiated between the patient and the nurse. The small changes won’t be as overwhelming to the patient as a huge instant change would be and would be easier for patient to comply with. An example would be teaching the patient to not fry foods in butter, try broiling or baking instead. Don’t add salt when cooking instead use a salt substitute. Explain the effects of butter and salt on the damage heart and provide a list of alternatives that could be used. Slowly increase activity. Participate in...
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...The Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to explore health behavior of the client. It helps to understand the client’s readiness to change, the client’s perception toward needing to change and the client’s perceived benefits to the health change. This model helps the nurse to choose education strategies for the client as well (Edelman & Mandle, 2010,). Nurses have always been the front educators for their client. The nurse can develop a plan based on client’s knowledge, readiness and patients understanding of how changes can affect his/her recovery. Meeting the goal of the client will depend on the client’s responsiveness to teaching. Since I work on cardiac /renal unit, we take care of patients with Congestive heart failures and Renal failures. Education on low salt diet is something that happens on daily basis. We provide education booklets and dietary leaflets to the patients in addition to educating them personally. We encourage our clients to use salt substitutes instead of real salt or season their food with herbs, spices, herbed vinegar etc. We encourage our patients to read the labels for sodium content. We further educate our patients about the significance of these changes and reiterate that making small changes to their diet can make a huge difference in living a healthier life. Educating patients to lead healthier lives is not only rewarding to the patient but also to the nurses as well because it brings a sense of satisfaction when patients understand the benefit and...
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...Describe the Health Belief Model (10) The health belief model is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors, focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals does this. It is used to predict the uptake of health behaviors based on several factors. The more factors that are present in a particular situation, the more likely you are to behave healthily. Health behaviors include giving something up (smoking), refusing to try something (drugs), regularly checking your health (self-examination), regularly preventing problems (brushing your teeth). According to the health belief model, the likelihood that individuals will carry out a health behavior depends directly on two assessments that they make- evaluating the threat and the cost-benefits analysis. Evaluating the threat of a certain behavior entails considering how serious one believes the behavior to be and susceptibility of the behavior. In regards to the costs-benefit analysis one is believed to consider whether the perceived benefits of changing behavior exceed the perceived barriers. An example of benefits could include improved health and relief from anxiety. Some examples of barriers could include financial instability and situational problems (getting to a gym). Becker’s study used the HBM to explain mum’s adherence to a drug regimen (i.e routine for taking medication) for their asthmatic children. The study confirms the HBM is an accurate predictor of the likelihood of a...
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...Health Belief Model The HBM was adopted from the behavioral sciences to predict health behaviors by focusing on attitude and health behaviors of individuals (McEwen and Wills, 2014). It application into research is to help improve preventive interventions based on fear of disease and benefits obtained. The constructs utilized to explain this assumption are: perceive benefits, perceived barriers, and, cues to action (McEwen and Wills, 2014). It provides the APRN with strategies to make people aware of health problems, and implement programs to change modifiable risk factors and behaviors to health ones (McEwen and Wills, 2014). Self-management is a basis of diabetes care, and it is believed that improving patient self-efficacy is a crucial...
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...What is public health care and why do we need it? There is no clear definition of what public health care truly is, but many have made attempts to define the basic concepts that identify what public health care is and why we need it. Two of the most noted definitions of public health were developed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Winslow, who base the definition of public health on what public health actually does and how it performs its functions:“…the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, the control of communicable infections, the education of the individual in personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and for the development of the social machinery to insure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health and longevity.” (Turnock, 2007)There have been other definitions of public health, but none have gained as much recognition than the definitions provided by Winslow and the Institute of Medicine. Considering that the definition of public health has been quite difficult to define, the laws that govern the system must be extensive, but they also must be interpretable so that each local public health agency can adjust them to better suit their mission...
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...Week 1 Assignment HCA 331: Introduction to Health Care Education Instructor: Debra Storlie September 23, 2013 In order for health education to be successful, it is imperative to fully understand how behavior can change in an instant. Health education depends on using the proper theories and models. This paper will address the theories and models used in health education, the importance of the theories, as well as real world examples and information from models used in health education. To understand why it is important to use theories, one must first understand the difference between theories and models. While theories are a set of interrelated concepts and definitions and propositions used to present a systematic view of events or situations, models are composites of mixtures and ideas taken from a number of theories and used together (Cottrell, Girvan, & McKenzie, 2012). Theories and models are intertwined in health education. Theories are important in health education because they influence how evidence is collected, analyzed, understood, and utilized. When theories are implicit, they have the power to clarify and reveal new ideas and insights. Overall, theories influence health education by providing focus on implementation processes to continually improve and make the required adjustments. The socio-ecological approach is important in health education because it examines how one’s physical, social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions influence their...
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...Health Belief Model History and Orientation The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. This is done by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM was first developed in the 1950s by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels working in the U.S. Public Health Services. The model was developed in response to the failure of a free tuberculosis (TB) health screening program. Since then, the HBM has been adapted to explore a variety of long- and short-term health behaviors, including sexual risk behaviors and the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Core Assumptions and Statements The HBM is based on the understanding that a person will take a health-related action (i.e., use condoms) if that person: 1. feels that a negative health condition (i.e., HIV) can be avoided, 2. has a positive expectation that by taking a recommended action, he/she will avoid a negative health condition (i.e., using condoms will be effective at preventing HIV), and 3. believes that he/she can successfully take a recommended health action (i.e., he/she can use condoms comfortably and with confidence). The HBM was spelled out in terms of four constructs representing the perceived threat and net benefits: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. These concepts were proposed as accounting for people's "readiness to act." An added concept, cues to action, would activate...
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...Using the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices? Perceived severity is the degree to which the person attributes negative medical, clinical, or social consequences to being diagnosed with an illness. Together, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity provide motivation for reducing or eliminating such threats. The type of action taken depends on perceived benefits (beliefs about the effectiveness of different actions) and perceived barriers (potential negative aspects of particular actions). People are thought to weigh an action's effectiveness in reducing a health threat against possible negative outcomes The health promotion, have achieved through internal mechanisms intrinsic or three people, some of these are: 1. Self-care, ie, decisions and actions that the person performs for the benefit of their own health. 2. Mutual aid or that people do to help each other according to the situation they are living. 3. The creation of healthy environments or environmental conditions that promote health, such as healthy schools that constitute enhancers scenarios the capacities of children, in which health education and health promotion They are educational options for human development and values education in childhood. The health promotion in addition to personal and behavioral considers as more comprehensive strategy for implementation and dissemination...
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...There are different types of health behaviors including social cognitive theory, stages of change model, and the health belief model. A health behavior theory is a conceptual framework of key factors or variables hypothesized to influence health behavior. An established theory is logical, supported by evidence, and underpins behavior change plans and strategies. The Social Cognitive theory is the theory that bases the thoughts of the person and his/or her environment. This theory was performed and created by Albert Bandura. It is claimed that a change in one's everyday life can either have a positive or negative affect on the others. The Social Cognitive theory has a impact in society because it allows different behaviors to be examined...
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...Discussion on how theory and research in health psychology has been helpful or unhelpful in addressing human problems. Areas important in health psychology involve studies of behaviour which courses illness and also a way to try motivate individuals to leave healthy with the influence from hospitals and care professionals in the society. ‘Health psychology is the aggregate of the specific educational, scientific and professional contribution of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illnesses’ Matarazzo (1980). As health psychology is widely related to health the definition of healthy is by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1948 saying that health is ‘the state of complete physical, social and spiritual well-being, not simply the absences of illnesses’. As psychology is the science of behaviour and change; psychologists have helped to influence change in people’s life. As health psychology is interested mainly in health and health maintenance rather than on diseases and disease prevention. It was found in the 1970s when many countries (western) began to suffer from diseases and death in result to declining expenditures, to resolve the situation health promotion strategies were introduced. As there are many factors that courses diseases for example smoking which leads to diseases like cardiovascular disease, to investigate the relationship between health behaviours, health and disease outcomes studies would be...
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...helps” practitioners to interpret the findings of their research and make the leap from facts on a page to understanding the dynamic interactions between behavior and environmental context”. The health belief model was developed by Irwin Rosenstock in 1966 and has been identified as one of the earliest and most influential models in health promotion. The model included four components: 1) Perceived susceptibility 2) perceived severity 3) perceived barriers 4) perceived cost of adhering to the proposed intervention. The health belief model can be applied to diverse cultural and ethnic groups. For example some Latino mothers believe that the more robust their babies the healthier they are, this belief leads to child obesity and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Using the health belief model can be useful to acknowledge the obesity as a health problem. Make Hispanic mothers understand the threat posed by the health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat and factors influencing the decision to act. When applying the HBM, health providers should assess whether or not the target population believe in the seriousness of the health problem and whether the believe action can reduce the threat at an acceptable cost. (Glanz K, 2002). Community level model can also be useful in promoting healthy eating pattern. They offers strategies that work in a variety of setting such as schools, community group, worksites,and governmental agencies. The involment...
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...Health Care Organization and Delivery System Health Care Organization and Delivery System HCS/531 November 09, 2011 In the current era of technology, health care system continues to research on improvising the various ways on delivering outstanding health services to its people. In health care industry, majority of the developed countries are run by national insurance generated by enforced general taxes. Unlike in United States healthcare insurances are run by partly private and government institution ensuring individuals based on certain eligibility. Although the distinct system in the United States protrudes as one of the best health care providers around the globe, some individuals considered it as unmanageable catastrophic scheme. Additional information regarding United States health care system, the implications of its belief and values, and some models of health care delivery used in America are presented below. The health care delivery system of United States is a complicated organization involving education and research, medical suppliers, private, and government insurers, health care providers, payers, and the government. It composed an approximate number of 10 million in employment from doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, administrators, caregivers, and more. The system also involves several institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes, mental health facilities, and clinical sites serving millions of people yearly...
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...The Spirit Catches You and Fall Down discusses many important topics, such as cultural humility and the consequences of miscommunication. The following is a brief response to some of the key topics discussed in the book (Fadiman, 1997). Explanatory Model of Illness: Definition of the Explanatory Model of Illness: An explanatory model of illness is a model that focuses on how the patient understands his or her illness and the factors that are involved. Two Examples of the Explanatory Model of Illness in the Book: The first explanatory model of illness is seen with the Hmong. The Hmong believe in a spirit called the Dab. They believe that many illnesses occur because of the Dab. For example, it mentions in the book that if a woman did not give...
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