...Organ donation is a very hard decision to make, not everybody is willing to do this. It is important for everyone to understand why people with to donate his or her organs. For some it is a self-fulfilling way of helping others in need, for others it just them peace of mind. There are numerous reasons. Tuttle said that “organ transplantation remains the only life-saving therapy for many patients with organ failure” Tuttle-Newhall, et al, 2009). Various Stakeholders Stakeholders are vital to the organ donation market. These stakeholders have many responsibilities; one of the most important of these is informing the public of the importance of being organ donors. Stakeholders include hospitals, state governments, research laboratories, and the transplant facilities themselves. Unlike most health care markets, the organ donation market is one where patients are the marketers, prospective donors are the customers, and no payment is allowed in the exchange process (Clarke, 2007). Scarcity “In the United States, more than 93,000 people are currently waiting to receive organs; on average, five people are added to the national transplant waiting list every hour; and the current unmet need for organs results in eighteen people dying each day due to a lack of available organs” (Clarke, 2007). The numbers alone reflect the amount of scarcity with the organ donation market; this is why stakeholders have to make major and difficult decisions. Because there is a waiting list...
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...English 101 17 September 2012 Life as we know it: The Importance of Organ Donation William James, an American psychologist and philosopher, once said, “The great use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” November 21, 2010 stated out excellent, but then was turned upside down. My uncle was trying to get a hold of my mom and dad, when he finally called me to tell me that my grandpa, my dad’s father, had died that morning from having a heart attack in his car while he was at the farmer’s market. “What?” I questioned him, “What are you talking about, I just talked to him last week!” There was no time to think, I immediately started to cry, as if my whole world just came crashing down. I kept thinking to myself, how am I going to tell my dad that his father just died. Since my grandparents lived in Florida at the time, my family packed our bags and headed down there for the memorial service. Crying every night, I was confused, heartbroken, and mourning the loss of the first close family member that suddenly dies. When we arrived in Florida, my dad’s four brothers were there, along with his two sisters, and their children while we attended the funeral, supporting one another. Although my grandpa was cremated, all of his organs and skin were donated to help people in need or for research, as he had a skin disease. When my grandma told me that he had helped many people because he donated his organs, I surprisingly felt a little bit of satisfaction that something good...
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...MHS 205W: Medicine and Literature In today’s capitalistic society, the market has become a guiding principle in so many areas of our lives, including health care, that it is naïve to conclude our actions are not motivated by valuable gain. Although we do altruistic things, we usually expect compensation. Just as the ‘do-gooder’ who donates to Goodwill expects to claim a tax deduction, the supporter who donates blood to the American Red Cross expects to receive free food and a T-shirt. Scientific research relies heavily on patient donations in order to gain insight into common health care strategies and to study disparate medical conditions; yet, a large amount of controversy exists regarding patient compensation. The most famous case regarding this controversy concerns Henrietta Lacks, a patient whose cancerous cells, taken without consent, became a worldwide tool for scientific research, and led way for Biotech companies to earn billions while Henrietta and her family received nothing. In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, the author Rebecca Skloot investigates Henrietta’s case, and includes asides of other research patients’ experiences regarding compensation. With consent now as convention, a relevant question arises in Skloot’s text: Should the research enterprise compensate patients who donate tissues for research, both in and outside of the course of medical care? This question demands reverent reflection, as the response will likely set a precedent for years to...
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...Karra Bryant ENG 1020-011 Mrs. Shiner-Swanson Final Research Paper The Sale of Human Organs In the US recently the issue of human organ trafficking has become a bigger and bigger problem. When people hear that human organs are being bought and sold on the black market, they think that kind of thing only happens in third world countries, but it is quickly becoming one of America's biggest issues. People spend years of their lives on the transplant list waiting for a life saving operation, and they think that if they just buy whatever they need, it will solve all their problems. What most people don’t understand is how corrupt and dangerous organ trafficking is. The sale of human organs either facilitated through a doctor or on the black market, will soon be a huge problem in the near future. People on one hand are becoming so desperate for life saving transplants, and on the other hand people are looking to make a profit from buying or stealing organs and selling them on the black market. Organ trafficking is already an issue in third world countries, and will become a problem in the United States before we know it. The history of human organ transplant dates back further than most people would think. The curiosity of transplant dates back before modern medicine, in 9th century BC where individuals sewed animal parts together. In 4th century BC, Chinese texts describe Tsin Yue-Jen, a surgeon who switches the hearts of two people. This is the first documentation...
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...Pro’s and con’s of organ donation -Theis TEXT 1: We must change the organ donation system – An article written by Denis Campbell, published in The Guardian News. The narrator Denis Campbell stays very neutral to the issue throughout the whole article and he only seems interested in knowing other peoples opinion. As a result of such he interviewed two different persons and had their opinion on the matter. Sir Liam Donaldson, the chief medical officer in England – States that he wants the current system switched in the UK. He, among many people in the UK thinks change is overdue. The current system for organ donation in the UK have an opt-in system that only allows retrieving of organs from citizens who either have a donor card or are signed up in the Organ Donor Register. He would like the whole policy of organ donation to change into what’s known as presumed consent which allows the retrieving of organs from all citizens after their death that haven’t already, before death, refused permission for that to happen. His argument for the system change lies within the massive organs that are wasted. The organs of all the citizens who haven’t got a donor card or are registered for donation will be wasted because they simply didn’t care about organ donation. By changing the system no dead citizen or his/hers family will get upset and organ donation will be possible for a way larger group than now. Natalie Sillince – Explains how the current system forced a very unpleasant and...
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... There is a market out there for everything. This even includes a market for human and even bone marrow. Some of these organs are from donors who have voluntarily given up their organs. Most donations come from people who are still alive and received some type of gratuity. Now comes the question is the selling of body parts an ethical idea. Alternatively, should it be condemned as something immoral and wrong? On the other hand, should we see this as another way to help those who are in need? Now what would be a moral route to help those in need of organs? In general donating one`s organ is seen as praiseworthy. This route is accomplished by “willing” benefit of others after one`s death. A person may decide to dispose of his or her body by allowing it to be used to replace parts needed by the sick and suffering. This is seen as useful, morally irreproachable and even noble to most people “…we consider it noble to donate organs freely. It is better to give them away than receive compensation for them” (Mullin, D. 2013). In addition, such donation would not cause harm to the person, as they are already deceased and have (prior to death) stated the wish to have the organs harvested to help others. “… Most of us acknowledge the difference between giving something freely and exchanging it for monetary gain”, as said by Daniel Mullin (2013) philosopher, recent PhD, and a former adjunct professor. When it comes to the selling of body parts, “… it's a seller's market” or at least...
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...Organ Donation by Prisoners There have been rumors that China has been harvesting organs from prisoners on a massive scale. There hasn't been a total amount of recorded incidents because China doesn't report them all and covers up any evidence after these secret operations have been performed. However, not everyone agrees with China’s communist government retrieving organs from the prisoners. All those that have stood up for these victims, most often than not, meet the same terrible fate as these prisoners so that they can continue their business in the black market. On the other hand, The United States are unsuccessful in finding organs for people who suffer from organ failures and die before an operation can be performed. In the United States, there are more than one hundred and twenty thousand people waiting on a transplant list to receive an organ. A donor can save up to eight lives when giving his organs. The United States could have more organs available if we could allow prisoners to donate. However, we shouldn't force them to give up their organs, we should allow them to...
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...Organ Transplant in the United States Stephanie Daniels UCA Certificate of Authorship I hereby certify that I am the author of this document and any assistance I received in preparing this report is fully acknowledged. I have also cited in APA format all sources of data, data analysis, ideas, words, phrases, or sentences. I also hereby certify that I have not submitted this paper to any other professor, at Webster University or elsewhere, during the course of my educational career. I have properly cited and acknowledged material that was presented in previous papers of my authorship. Signature: __________________________________________________ Date: __________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page # Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………3 Organ Transplant…………………………………………………………………………..4 What Organs and Tissues Can Be Donated……………………………………………….6 Organ Transplant Cost…………………………………………………………………….10 Ethical Issues: Organ Transplant…………………………………………………………..11 Strength and Weaknesses……………………………………………………………….....14 Alternatives and Key Challenges: Organ/Tissue Transplant……………………………...15 Summary and recommendations…………………………………………………………...17 References…………………………………………………………………………………19 Abstract Organ transplant experiments began in the 1800’s on animals and humans as a need...
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...welcome event that can alleviate pain and suffering and can sometimes save the life of another. A simple decision to become an organ donor can save lives and improve the quality of life of recipients. Receiving a needed organ facilitates a restoration of physiological functioning and often means the difference between life and death. Many people have misconceptions regarding organ donation and simply do not understand the facts. Some do not realize the vast numbers on waiting lists and how simply becoming a donor could save the life of another. Others may be apprehensive about making a decision about their bodies after death. In this paper we explain the origins and history of organ donation, the process by which organs are donated, the ethical implications behind organ donation and discuss many of the proposed solutions to solve the organ shortage issue. HISTORY OF ORGAN DONATION The origins of organ donation arose with several experimental transplants. The first successful transplant was a bone transplant in 1878, which used a bone from a cadaver. (14) Experimentally, bone marrow transplants began by giving patients bone marrow orally after meals to cure leukemia. This had no effect, but later when they used intravenous injections to treat aplastic anemia, there was some effect (14). One development that largely aided organ donation was the discovery of blood groups in the early 20th century. The first recorded kidney transplant was in 1909 and was a rabbit...
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...Report on organ sales Peng Yl Tutor: F.Yang Study skills 6/12 International Business Class 5 Table of contents 1. Executive summary This report was to research whether we should legalize the sale of human organs. It examined the cases about organ sales all over the world. The major methodology is case study of quality research. The main findings were that situation of organ translation and sales in entire world. It was concluded that legalize the sales of human organs can not make more people get rescue and the sale of human organs is a kind of crime. The recommendations are that organ sales should be banned and society needs a law to control the black market. 2. Introduction Here is the report concerning about whether we should legalize the sale of human organs. People has discussed about it for a long time. According to public reports, China has become the world's second largest organ transplantation country. In China, There are about ten thousand cases of transplant operation each year. Besides, millions of patients are waiting for organ transplants. Under the serious imbalance of organ supply, some patients tend to buy organs through black market. It resulted in the formation of underground organ trading chain. My assumption in this report is organ sales can not be legalized. The scopes of this report are the cases about organ sales all over the world. The methodology I used is quality research...
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...Organ Donation: Legalizing Human Kidney Sales The process of organ donation has existed for many years and throughout that time the system has endured controversies and changes. One of those changes occurred in the late 1960s when the development of immunosuppressive drugs made it possible for people to donate organs to patients who were not related to them (Fentiman 43). This discovery benefited many patients in need of a transplant, but also opened the door to controversies such as organ sales. The first proposal to sell organs came from Virginia physician Dr. H. Barry Jacobs in 1983. He suggested that whoever could afford to buy a kidney should be allowed to do so. As a result of Dr. Jacobs’s proposal, Congress banned the sale of organs in 1984, and that law still exists today (Meckler A.1). Another change in organ donation happened in 1968, when the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act was introduced. This tried to increase the donor pool and make donating a person’s organs at his or her time of death easier. The act, however, did not raise the donation pool enough to keep up with the organ transplant waiting list (Fentiman 43). The waiting list is the topic of another controversy that has been occurring for several years and still exists today. Currently, there are 98,010 people on the waiting list, and 74,260 of those people are waiting for a kidney transplant (Alexander A1; “Paying Donors . . . ” 8A). Chelsea Lopez is one of those patients hoping to receive that life-saving donation...
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...* Starts of by talking about how it is unlawful to get money for organs. * Then it goes on to say how there are not enough organs for transplants throughout the last 20 years. * Expected waiting times are now in years and not months * Says There are 3 alternative policies for organ transplantation: * The current system of altruistic supply at a zero price * A market system that allows demand and supply to equilibrate at a positive price * A system based on t * To facilitate the discussion on the three alternative policies we focus our attention on a single organ, the kidney * Talks about the shortage of kidneys * Size of shortage- 25,000 potential candidates and 8k to 10 k are added each year and only about 9000 transplants are being done a year. * Cause of increasing shortage-1) technology makes transplant success a lot higher. 2) federal gov pay 80 percent of treatment * Consequences of shortage – heart, liver and other organs are generally obtained from kidney donations * Current system (altruism) - demand for kidneys is inelastic * Some individuals cannot join the donor list due to medical or behavior reasons. * Since we are working under the altruism system its hard to put a price that we think would prevail for kidneys in a market system. * Why the current system ahas endured. – there isn’t a specific reason as to why the current system has endured...
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...kidney and pancreas organ procurement, distribution, and allocation. The committee considers both the implications and the specific member situation relating to kidney or pancreas issues and policies. The goal of the Kidney and Pancreas Committee is to develop evidence –based policies aimed at reducing the burden of renal disease in transplant patients (candidates and recipients), increasing kidney and pancreas utilization, improving access to kidney and pancreas as appropriate, improving the health outcomes of kidney and pancreas recipients, and fostering access to trans- plantation and good outcomes for...
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...Health Information Form-for Adults DO NOT USE YOUR OWN INFORMATION A. Identification Name (Last) VALEZ JOHN B. Emergency Contacts (First) (Middle) GEORGE In Case of Emergency, Notify: Primary Contact Name VALEZ HOLLY MAY Maiden Name N/A Primary Address 5432 RESIDENT DRIVE City HOMESTED Relationship SPOUSE State FL Zip 33371 Country USA Alternate Address N/A City Address SAME City State Zip Code Country Home Phone (123) 555-1212 Work Phone (123) 555-0001 Cell Phone (123) 555-2219 State Zip Code Home Phone SAME Country Work Phone (123) 555- 9925 Email Address myemail@gmail.com Date of Birth 08/19/1966 Height 6’3” Sex: X Male Weight 225 LB Race HISPANIC Eye Color BLUE Female Hair Color BROWN Birthmark/Scars NONE Blood/RH Type O+ Cell Phone (123) 555- 5533 Email Address heremail@gmail.com In Case of Emergency, Notify: Secondary Contact Name (last) VALEZ Name (middle) Name (first) JOSE Relationship BROTHER Special Conditions Marital Status M Address 9959 CIRCLE STREET Occupation GROCERY MANAGER City DENVER Company Name PUBLIX SUPER MARKET Home Phone (861) 382-5423 Work Phone Cell Phone Email Address City HOMESTED State FL Phone Number (123) 555-9867 Zip Code 33371 Country USA Languages Spoken ENGLISH/SPANISH Primary Health Insurance Carrier BCBS OF FLORIDA Secondary Health Insurance Carrier N/A Policy Number 526-9887598PUBLIX Policy Number State CO Zip Code 87598 Country USA In Case of Emergency, Notify: Medical Contact Doctor...
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...ETHICAL ISSUES IN HEALTH To evaluate the impact of moral philosophy on medical practice we must first look at what a moral philosophy is, also which philosophies that will be included. Moral philosophy is the area of philosophy concerned with theories of ethics, with how we ought to live our lives. Deontology and utilitarianism are the two philosophies that I shall be evaluating and applying throughout this essay. These are two time-honoured philosophical positions that apply to a wide variety of topics. Deontology is an ethical system that is attributed to the philosophical tradition of Immanuel Kant. Deontology demands that the actions, or means themselves must be ethical. This philosophy is based upon principles of duty and obligation, we have the freedom to act morally (right) or otherwise (wrong) based on General Universal Laws. To respect life means that you must not kill, to respect others is not to steal these moral laws are black and white as you must do what is right and do not do what is wrong regardless of circumstance or outcome. Deontologists argue that there are transcendent ethical norms and truths that are universally applicable to all people. Deontology holds that some actions are immoral regardless of their consequence; these actions are wrong in and of themselves. We should not act out of feeling, inclination, love or compassion, but out of our moral duty according to the universal moral laws. Kant gives a ‘categorical imperative’ to act morally at all times...
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