...horrified for all the people who were losing their lies. I had never heard of terrorists before so I was also really nervous. I was terrified at the thought that there were people out there who despised our country so much that they wanted to kill us. So in my paper I will be talking about the short term and the long term effects that it had on us. Topic I: Short Term Effects A. Military Operations (Iraq War) B. Domestic Response: Hate Crimes against Muslims C. American Reactions (created groups to help those injured) Topic II: Long Term Effects A. Economy Decline (Stocks and unemployment rate ) B. Health Effects (toxins spread to residential areas in NYC) C. Government Policies (More security, airport security, anti-terrorism acts) I. Short Term Effect A. Military Operations In the meantime dealing the attack on 9/ 11 our government has been financing war related tasks in Iraq and with the Global War on Terror. With these funds the Pentagon has been separated up into three different parts: you have Operation Noble Eagle (ONE) and they are to offer defense to the US and increase the security. Next, is Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), they help with fighting operation in Afghanistan and terror operation. Last, is Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) they are to finance for the state department and to do...
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...encouraged to refer friends and family as potential employees. This helped the company re-staff after 9/11 in a remarkably short time. Today, it has retention levels above those of its peers. This supportive and innovative culture also helped to inspire loyalty in the firm’s clients after 9/11. In addition to being named overall winner, Lutnick was also recognized as the winner in the Financial Services category. Because the attacks had devastated Cantor Fitzgerald so badly, the firm was not expected to survive. Remarkably, within a week the firm managed to get its trading back online. 'The best way to show someone you love them is to care for the people they love,' Mr Lutnick said. When the first plane hit the north tower at 8.46am, it destroyed the stairwells, making it impossible for anyone above the point of impact around the 94th to 98th floors to descend. The north tower collapsed at 10.28am. Mr Lutnick can still feel and see the horror of that day. 'It was black outside, there was no air outside, so I knew that people inside the trade center couldn't possibly be alive,' Mr Lutnick said recently from the company's offices in midtown Manhattan. Among them were his brother, Gary, and his best friend, Doug Gardner, Cantor's CFO. When the smoke cleared, the towers lay in rubble. So did parts of Cantor. 'What we had was secretaries that had lost their bosses, divisions of 86 who had only four remaining,' Lutnick said. 'There were many divisions we couldn't rebuild.' ...
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...On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Centre and sliced into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack. The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Ladens al-Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the country in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19...
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...reorganized following the attacks. The newspaper found that more than twelve hundred government policies plus organizations and nineteen hundred private companies do work related to counter-terrorism, homeland security, and intelligence ("9/11 to Now: Ways We Have Changed"). At 9:05 A.M. President Bush is sitting in the second-grade class when a man named Andrew Card tells him that another plane has struck the twin towers. By 9:12 A.M. President Bush leaves the school and is already in touch with New York officials as well as the Vice President, Dick Cheney...
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...U.S. Department of Homeland Security Chris Cabral National American University Abstract The primary mission of the Homeland Security Act is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism, and minimize damage and assist in recovery for terrorist attacks that occur in the United States. The U.S Department of Homeland Security was established after the 9/11 attacks to counter terrorist activities against the United States. Homeland security is officially defined by the National Strategy for Homeland Security as "a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur”. The major objective of the Patriot Act is “to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools" by dramatically reducing restrictions pertaining to law enforcement requests to search telephone records, e-mail communication, and health records. The Patriot Act allows for the emergency disclosure of electronic communications to protect life and broadens the definition of terrorism to include acts of domestic terrorism. Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, the Patriot Act allows the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the director to apply for an order requiring the "production of any tangible things (including...
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies to improve...
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies...
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...man-made. Such disasters pose significant problems for emergency managers and emergency response personnel as well as the medical facilities that treat them. At a moment’s notice, medical facilities can become overwhelmed after a disaster from people seeking medical attention. The key to success is information sharing and management among these responding organizations during and after a disaster. The idea of sharing information does not occur overnight, the plan should be implemented before any disaster occurs. Many of the issues responders face range from a lack of preparedness and training of emergency responders to a lack of communication. Disaster readiness remains uneven across the United States especially in small cities or rural areas and without significant disaster preparedness many emergency responders or emergency facilities such as hospitals or clinics remain unprepared for natural disasters. As a result, many facilities may be unprepared to accept and care for an influx of patients as a result of a terrorist attacks, chemical spills, and natural disasters. This paper will explore problems emergency responders may face during disasters due to a lack readiness and preparedness. In addition, this paper will provide solutions to compensate for these problems during a disaster crisis. Keywords: Emergency medical personnel, Emergency Responders, Disaster Preparedness, Medical facilities, triage areas, communications and volunteers The threat of terrorism, natural disasters...
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...Welcome to the United States A Guide for New Immigrants M-618 (rev. 09/07) Welcome to the United States A Guide for New Immigrants Revised Edition U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of the ISBN 978-016-078733-1 is for U.S. Government Printing Office Official Editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. The information presented in Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants is considered public information and may be distributed or copied without alteration unless otherwise specified. The citation should be: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Office of Citizenship, Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants, Washington, DC, 2007, Revised Edition. USCIS has purchased the right to use many of the images in Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants. USCIS is licensed to use these images on a non-exclusive and non-transferable basis. All other rights to the images, including without limitation and copyright, are retained by the owner of the images. These images are not in the public domain and may not be used except as they appear as part of this guide. This guide contains information on a variety of topics that...
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...interest to disclose. (Conflict of Interest Definition: Circumstances create a conflict of interest when an individual has an opportunity to affect Education content about products or services of a commercial interest with which he/she has a financial relationship.) There is no commercial support being used for this course. Participants are advised that the accredited status of RN.com does not imply endorsement by the provider or ANCC of any products/therapeutics mentioned in this course. The information in the course is for educational purposes only. There is no “off label” usage of drugs or products discussed in this course. Acknowledgements RN.com acknowledges the valuable contributions of… Material protected by Copyright …The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (www.cdc.gov), the key government agency responsible for disseminating knowledge about various biological agents. …U.S. Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRRID). USAMRRID spearheads efforts to protect service members from biological threats. Its efforts are well known and utilized by the civilian population. USAMRRID is located at Fort Detrick, Maryland. …Nadine Salmon, RN, BSN, IBCLC is the Clinical content Specialist for RN.com. Nadine earned her BSN from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. She worked as a...
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...security. As solution we propose a holonic Cybersecurity system that unfolds into an emergency response management infrastructure capable to react in due time to unknown and new kinds of attacks/threats. The system can adapt to its changing environment through its self-organizing capability. Mimicking the way immunity works in biological organisms the system can dynamically adapt to embrace new risk situations and can dynamically create and learn new risk models as it encounters new risk situations. Keywords. Risk management, holonic, self-organization, multi-agent systems. 1. Rationale During the emergency response to the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Centre, emergency response commanders on the scene were unable to communicate to ‘911’ Public Service Access Points (PSAP) that people should evacuate the building. As a result, PSAP operators complied with New York City’s standard operating procedure for hi-rise fires and advised callers to stay in impacted buildings [41]. The ‘911’ system was inadequate for handling a major disaster and could not adapt to the emergency. The final death toll 2,749 may have been substantially reduced if the PSAP’s were adaptive in coping with the overload. Commanders trying to evacuate fire fighters from the north tower during the World Trade Centre disaster were seriously hampered...
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...Business Continuity Plan on Information Systems Ronald E. Stamm Jr. ISYS 204 Professor Choi October 6th, 2011 Abstract Since the dawn of the new millennium, as more and more companies are becoming more technologically savvy, they have been coming to the realization that there is a need to protect that data somehow. These companies seek out IT professionals who help them create Business Continuity Plans. These Business Continuity Plans help companies better safeguard and effectively retain their essential data in the case of a catastrophic failure of their network infrastructure. In this essay, I will be discussing the different intricacies of a Business Continuity Plan and how to effectively build one to suit the needs of the individual company. The Effects of a Business Continuity Plan on Information System A frog if put in cold water will not bestir itself if that water is heated up slowly and gradually and will in the end let itself be boiled alive, too comfortable with continuity to realize that continuous change at some point may become intolerable and demand a change in behavior. (Handy, 1990) There have been so many companies over the years that have failed due to lack of a proper Business Continuity Plan. Taking the time and utilizing the correct resources to create a Business Continuity Plan can easily counteract this. In this essay, I will provide an example of a few companies who did not have proper Business Continuity Plans and how that can affect...
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...Transportation has always been a target or method for terrorism to transfer their message to the public. While transportation keeps economic moving, nationally and globally, business relies on transport and transport systems at every level no matter transferring goods, transporting customers or staff commuting. From jet airliners to mass transit buses and rail terminals, vehicles and transport facilities are all-too familiar targets of terrorist attacks in all country and abroad. The impact of large-scale disruption of transport infrastructures can be critical for national and global business because transport systems have long been viewed as targets for terrorists groups worldwide. Also we will elaborate more on how terrorism can be spread or being use through the four methods of transportation like rail, road, aviation and maritime. For the incident strikes on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York on September 11, 2001, this has exposed critical security flaws within the United States transportation system which required urgent attention. The first attack on public transportation involving weapons of mass destruction occurred in 1995 when the Japanese doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo released sarin gas into the Tokyo subway system. Then we will explain about what are the factors and effect of terrorism behavior....
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...and other technologies, and trends toward integrating suppliers and business partners into everyday business operations. In response many organizations are implementing disaster recovery planning processes. In this paper we discuss how to identify threats and scenarios; how to articulate the disaster recovery strategies; and four elements of the generic disaster recovery plan: Mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. We then provide examples of software that can help disaster recovery professionals in the planning and implementation process. Finally we present some trends that will reinforce the criticality of the issue. Keywords: Disaster Recovery Planning; Business Continuity Planning; Risk Assessment INTRODUCTION Several major natural disasters that have occurred in the past few years have placed disaster management on the front pages: The Tsunami of late 2004, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and the earthquake in Pakistan in 2005 affected both life and property and emphasized our vulnerability to natural threats. EM-DAT (2006) figures complied by the Belgian Université Catholique de Louvain’s Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) indicate that: • In 2005 the number of natural disasters was 360, up from 305 the year before. The number...
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...management. Among the types of aid provided through FEMA programs are grants and material to help disaster victims meet pressing needs such as food and shelter, education and training programs to improve the response capabilities of nonfederal officials, and mobile communications equipment. FEMA exercises little regulatory authority, but directives that underlie the agency’s mission authorize the agency to establish standards for reconstruction of buildings after a disaster declaration is issued, for the construction of federal buildings in earthquake-prone areas, and for the operation of first responder equipment. FEMA has responded to, and has helped communities prepare for, terrorist attacks in the United States. The Office of Homeland Security (OHS), established by President Bush subsequent to the attacks in 2001, has a similar, but more encompassing, mission related to disasters caused by terrorist actions. Congressional debate on the contours and framework for federal administration of homeland security might include...
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