...Health Care in India, Ireland, South Korea, and United States Global Health Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) defines universal health coverage as everyone having access to needed health services without the financial hardship that can follow (WHO, 2013). Health care should be accessible to all citizens, appropriately funded, provided by trained professionals, and affordable to all citizens. Health care changes from country to country in multiple aspects including: cost, availability, and private health care verses socialized health care. The cost of health care and government assisted health programs can take a big toll on the overall spending and reliability of a countries health system. Each country has their own strengths and concerns in regards to their health system. There is not one health system that will work for every country because every country has a different government organization, differences among the population, and other country wide concerns that impact the country as a whole. India is the seventh largest country located in South Asia populating about 1.2 billion people. It is roughly one third the size of the United States and the capital New Delhi still resides the majority of the population, housing about 22 million people (CIA, 2013). India does not have a universal health care system in place, although the government is working on a plan (Luthra, 2012). India has government funded public hospitals and private hospital...
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...1991 Indian economic crisis By 1985, India had started having balance of payments problems. By the end of 1990, it was in a serious economic crisis. The government was close to default, its central bank had refused new credit and foreign exchange reserves had been reduced to such a point that India could barely finance three weeks’ worth of imports which lead the Indian government to airlift national gold reserves as a pledge to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in exchange for a loan to cover balance of payment debts Recovery With India’s foreign exchange reserves at $1.2 billion in January 1991[2][3][4] and depleted by half by June,[4] barely enough to last for roughly 3 weeks of essential imports,[3][5] India was only weeks way from defaulting on its external balance of payment obligations.[3][4] Government of India's immediate response was to secure an emergency loan of $2.2 billion from the International Monetary Fund by pledging 67 tons of India's gold reserves as collateral. The Reserve Bank of India had to airlift 47 tons of gold to the Bank of England and 20 tons of gold to the Union Bank of Switzerland to raise $600 million.[9][2][10] National sentiments were outraged and there was public outcry when it was learned that the government had pledged the country's entire gold reserves against the loan. Interestingly, it was later revealed that the van transporting the gold to the airport broke down on route and panic followed.[1] A chartered plane ferried the precious...
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...India and China a comparison by Nobel Laureate Mr.Amirtya Sen Modern India is, in many ways, a success. Its claim to be the world's largest democracy is not hollow. Its media is vibrant and free; Indians buy more newspapers every day than any other nation. Since independence in 1947, life expectancy at birth has more than doubled, to 66 years from 32, and per-capita income (adjusted for inflation) has grown fivefold. In recent decades, reforms pushed up the country's once sluggish growth rate to around 8 percent per year, before it fell back a couple of percentage points over the last two years. For years, India's economic growth rate ranked second among the world's large economies, after China, which it has consistently trailed by at least 1 percentage point. The hope that India might overtake Chinaone day in economic growth now seems a distant one. But that comparison is not what should worry Indians most. The far greater gap between India and China is in the provision of essential public services - a failing that depresses living standards and is a persistent drag on growth. Inequality is high in both countries, but China has done far more than India to raise life expectancy, expand general education and secure health care for its people. India has elite schools of varying degrees of excellence for the privileged, but among all Indians 7 or older, nearly one in every five males and one in every three females are illiterate. And most schools are of low quality; less...
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...Sustained growth in India since the 90s According to the neo-classical theory, growth is only sustainable if it is driven by technological progress or productivity growth. Innovation and incentives to innovate are therefore essential. In order to increase incentives, some institutions and/or policies should be put in place. Firstly, well established property rights create incentives for innovation through increased returns mainly because investors can keep a bigger portion of the profit they make. Secondly, an effective education system increases efficiency of technologies and investment and reduces cost of skilled labour which in turn increases return of innovation. Thirdly, macroeconomic stability and consequent low interest rates encourage entrepreneurial behaviour. Another important factor is the access to credit and a sound financial market, which makes it easier to borrow money for projects. Lastly, higher competition among incumbent firms and higher entry threat will encourage innovations by incumbent firms close to the technological frontier. In what follows, we try to provide an answer to why the "take-off growth" in the 80s is not considered as sustainable and what the factors of the sustained growth in the 90s m Although the liberalization reforms in the 80s contributed to a long-run productivity growth, it is argued that the accelerating growth of the 80s was not sustainable, mainly because the government boosted demand through domestic expenditures (Panagariya,...
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...healthcare system on Indian health services USA is the world’s largest economy. Its dominance in the sphere of arts, science, technology, culture and medicine is unparalleled today. Given its dominant socio-political and economic status, no country on earth can be said to be beyond the sphere of American influence in almost all aspects of life. While the pervasiveness of such American hegemony is a matter of debate today in many sociological discourses today, for the purpose of this paper, we will concentrate on influence of American healthcare on the healthcare system of India. The American way of life is typified by the example of “rugged individualism,” where each individual works to secure their own interest....
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...the past 18 months, the optimistic mood within India’s economy has taken a dip. While the GDP slowdown has been relatively recent, India has been battling with a rising inflation for the past two years, which included food inflation at between , The Rupee depreciation - to become one of the poor performing currencies in the international market. Although the Eurozone crises and U.S. economic slowdown has contributed to the slowdown, and reduced demand. Other factors that have contributed to growth challenges: • Sector diversification - - poor agricultural output – need more sectors other than service industry for growth advancement. • Infrastructure deficit, Energy – underutilization and distribution system being uneven • Education & Health - low spending Issues Regional Disparity – Different tax and state laws – not conducive for firms to expand /foreign companies to enter Political instability – Governance issues - power seems to lie everywhere, but in the center Corruption and lack of confidence among corporates 1. How have politics and economics affected one another in India? Politics and economics of a country are interlinked. A country which is has political uncertainty has lack of economic integration and disruptive politics is bound to have problems in the development of the economy – poor investments etc In India in the last 18 months the role bad Politics & corruption has played, has definitely caused an economic slowdown as the opposition parties...
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...policies governed India. Economy was characterized by extensive regulation and public ownership of large monopolies. Owing to economic liberalization in 1991, the country moved to a market based economy and slowly established itself as the world’s fastest growing economies when it reached its highest recorded GDP growth rate of 9%. However there has been significant debate, around liberalization as an inclusive economic growth strategy. Since 1992, income inequality has deepened in India with the wealthiest generating consumption growth and the consumption among the poorest remaining stable. With India’s Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate touching a decade long low in 2012-13 , growing merely at 5%, more criticism of India's economic reforms surfaced, citing failure to address employment growth, nutritional values in terms of food intake in calories, and also exports growth - and thereby leading to a worsening level of current account deficit compared to the prior to the reform period. Growth that is not inclusive affects the society, the economy and the polity by resulting in real and perceived inequities Thus making growth more inclusive and addressing widespread poverty is a challenge for India which requires sustained investment in people, starting from health and education but also transport and energy infrastructure, review of the poverty reduction programmes, their targeting and efficiency. Sustaining High and inclusive growth Growth Potential in India India’s potential...
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...useful with integration into the health care system. First impressions go along with the proper approach. If you look at it this way first impressions are important in every culture. With the plethora of cultures out there and each family shaped by these values and beliefs a good approach is always an informed one. With a little common courtesy, topped off with some minimal knowledge of ones heritage you can get started on a good foot with your patient. So many cultures are part of the United States culture that being informed is our responsibility as nurses. Incorporating a cultural competent nurse into the work force makes for an appropriate health care experience. This paper will discuss the heritage of 3 different families. Families A,B, and C and how these families practice health traditions. How their parents where brought up and how they’ve been influenced through old ways. This assessment is to create an understanding of how useful the heritage assessment is. It puts patient and practitioner on a level where both participants can feel comfortable with communication, and interaction in order to provide quality care. Family A is from Gilbert, AZ. The wife is from India. Her spouse is from Boston, MA. This family is very matriarchal and the wife’s ways of culture are strong standing within the family. This paragraph will talk more of the wife’s ethnic back round and the current health care issues of her home country. The wife grew up in India until age 9 then pilgrimaged...
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...Introduction: The Economic reforms currently underway in India represent both continuity and a break with India's post-independence development. Its main objective is to restore sustained high growth to alleviate poverty and raise the standard of living. Development of Thought: Changes in the policy packages towards deregulation, liberalization and opening up of the economy were initiated in the late 70s and early 80s but it was not until 1991 that major economic reforms were undertaken. The major changes in India's economic reforms fall broadly under five heads-industrial, trade, financial, fiscal and monetary. However these measures of stabilization are not by themselves enough. The main impetus for sustainable economic growth has to originate with efficiency and productivity growth brought about through the expansion of investment and exports. Another important aspect to be considered is the large number of people in the country living on the poverty line. To make any reform process socially acceptable a poverty alleviation programme must be in. In the context of resource constraints, a serious thinking has to be done as to the extent and pace of economic reforms. Conclusion: India has to go through a painful period of adjustment before the liberalization can have its fruitful impact upon the economy. In liberalizing the economy the government must not forget to protect the poor and the needs of human development. The present bout of economic reforms in India-those started in...
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...Rural Health Management in India Dec -2013 Contents Lists of Contents Page No 1. List of Abbreviations 3 2. Abstract 4 3. Introduction 6 3.1 Private Sector in India 7 3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN HEALTH CARE 8 3.3 Public/Private Partnership 8 3.4 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 10 3.5 Classifying PPPs 10 3.6 Challenges in Partnership 11 3.7 Characteristics of Partnership 12 3.8 Scope and types of partnership 13 3.9 The Study for Research paper 15 3.10.1 Analysis and Discussion 16 3.10.2 Overview of the Case Studies 16 3.10.3 Enabling Conditions 17 3.10.4 Equity and Accessibility 19 3.10 Private partner selection and obligations of the Partners 19 3.11 Performance Specifications 20 3.12 Resource implications 20 3.13 Autonomy 21 3.14 Technical and managerial capacity 22 3.15 Quality of services 23 3.16 Stakeholder Perspectives 23 4. Summary and Conclusion 24 5. References 26 6. Annexure 29 1. List of Abbreviations PPP Public Private Partnership HSR Health Sector Reform ADBI Asian Development Bank Institute NRHM National Rural Health Mission FRU First Referral Unit MMVs Mobile Medical Unit CHC Community Health centre ...
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...Public Health in Mumbai Student Name Course/Number Date Instructor Name PART ONE Mumbai is a traditional Indian city regarded as the commercial hub of India and parts of Asia. The city is a collection of several islands with one of the largest population densities in the world. Administratively, the city is divided into smaller administrative regions such as Greater Mumbai and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The city is also the most populous in India, with over 12 million residents occupying the opportunities in industries and providing a massive labour reservoir for larger Asia (Census of India, 2011). The large number of people in the city has created numerous challenges in the Asian country. Demography of Mumbai The city boasts of a diverse mix of cultures and religions due to the influx of people looking for opportunities. Hindu still remains the predominant religion, with most cultural practices and lifestyle associated with Hinduism. Over 60% of the city’s population ascribe to Hindu as a religion and culture (Census of India, 2011). The rest is a mix of Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and, to a lesser extent, Jain, Jewish and Sikh religions. This religious and cultural mix gives the city a rich and diverse mix of culture, despite the predominance of Hindu. According to the Indian census carried out in 2011, Mumbai features a sex ratio of 922 (Census of India, 2011). This suggests that the number of women is almost equal to the number of men in the city....
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...India AHEAD Ten Things for India to Achieve its 2050 Potential (BRICS estimation) >India could be 40 times bigger by 2050. > India could be 40 times bigger by 2050 than its current capacity as estimated by brics. >To achieve this, India needs to implement many changes. India needs to improve its governance, control inflation, introduce Credible fiscal policy, liberalize financial markets and increase trade With its neighbors. >It also needs to significantly raise its basic educational standards, And increase the quality and quantity of its universities. >India needs to boost agricultural productivity, improve its infrastructure And environmental quality. >Delivery of all these would ensure strong, persistent, medium to long-term Growth, allowing India to reach its amazing potential. In this project, we outline ten crucial steps that we believe India must take in order to achieve its full potential. In our latest brics analysis, India scores below the Other three BRIC nations, and is currently ranked 110 out of a set of 181 Countries. If India were able to undertake the necessary reforms, it could raise its growth potential by as much as 2.8% per annum, placing it in a very strong position to deliver the impressive growth. We highlight the ten key areas where reform is needed. In a way these are the covered ones, we consider them to be the most crucial: 1. Improve governance. Without better governance, delivery systems and effective...
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...effectiveness of these policies in India. One-stop shop reforms in registration Colombia introduced reforms by establishing "Business Service Centers" in several municipalities to ease registration burdens. The measures adopted included introducing a one-stop-shop registration to ensure that registration procedures were completed in one place and in the same day at minimum cost. This led to, raising business registration by about 5 percent. Brazil also simplified procedures for small businesses by introducing “one-stop shop”, a popular way of streamlining the registration process for firms worldwide. In India, however this will not be very effective means as the charges for one-time setup fee of a new enterprise ranges from Rs. 7,000/- upto even Rs. 75,000. Apart from this high fee, there is an additional yearly maintenance charge. Therfore, Registration procedures continue to be very expensive in India in relation to the benefits that the enterprise would receive by formalizing. Fast-Track Business Creation System In India, the average number of days required to register is as high as 71 and this acts as a barriers to formalization and entrepreneurial activity. Mexico, however, has progressed and increased its formalization rates by 4 to 8 percent by introducing Fast-track Business Creation System in 2002. This reduced the length of registration procedures from eight to two days. Learning from Mexico’s success ,similar procedure should be adopted in India as well. Municipal...
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...of Committees & Organization Reports(Jan – Nov) Committee Name Report Title Committee Head Shantha Kumar Panel Law Commission of India Law Commission of India Non-governmental organizations Controller-General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (CGPDTM) Brand Finance Report on FCI restructuring Report on electoral reforms Report on Death Penalty Lion Census report 2015 Shanta Kumar Justice DK Jain Justice DK Jain Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju and Dr. Mahesh Sharma Indian Civil Aviation: At the Cusp of Taking off Forbes Annual list of the richest Indians Monitoring of Pesticide Residues Report on Delhi MLA’s salary package TechSci Research Report Report on Bankruptcy Law Reforms Top Secret Doping: How Russia makes its Winners” To suggest reforms to the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE). Report dealt with shell companies and beneficial ownership. Report on Innovation submitted its report recommending private funding for R&D Report on illegal migrants from Bangladesh Union Ministry of Agriculture Achary Panel ASSOCHAM Dr T K Viswanathan Committee Independent commission (IC) Committee of Eminent Persons on JEE Justice MB Shah-headed SIT on Black Money NITI Aayog panel Upamanyu Hazarika Commission Annual report on Patent filing in India Most valuable brand in India 100 Report Follow Us - FB.com/AffairsCloudOfficialPage PDT Achary Dr T K Viswanathan Richard W. Pound Prof Ashok Misra Justice...
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...Industry Report for United Health Group Executive Summary Our mission is to perform extensive research and recommend the best alternatives. Our vision is to strive for excellence as being a respectful firm. Our values are integrity, responsibility, collaboration, respect and excellence. Health insurance companies should consider updating their business models to conduct business in accordance with the Affordable Care Act. Healthcare reform allows for consumers to have more control over their medical care and coverage. United Health Group has the majority of Medicare and Medicaid enrollees. The Affordable Care Act allows for no discrimination against consumers with pre-existing conditions. United Health Group has multicultural websites that allow for consumers to understand what effects their specific culture. Healthcare and knowledge of the field can be given. Consumers are not given the proper tools that they need to understand their healthcare. Insurance brokerage firms are disappearing despite the helpful role that they play. Illnesses need to be curved from management to prevention. Healthcare companies need to remove themselves from negative behavior. A vast amount of money is used in the fast food business from health insurance companies. Innovation is key for United Health Group to continue with development. Government is not evolving with the times. United Health Group is in relatively good shape that needs some minor adjustments...
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