...procedures that help prevent illness include cleaning, separating, cooking, and chilling or storing food. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services suggests cleaning, separating, cooking, and chilling foods as measures to keep food safe (n. d.). Before handling food, it is important to wash hands to rub and wash hands for at least 20 seconds (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Hand washing is necessary after handling garbage, using the toilet, touching animals or animal waste, or treating an open wound (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Proper washing of utensils helps detain the spread of germs and is necessary before and after use. A solution of 1 tablespoon of bleach to a gallon of water for is good for disinfecting (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Washing vegetables and fruits is also important to remove bacteria. Separating foods is necessary to prevent cross contamination. The U.S. Department of Health and Human services suggest using a separate cutting board for meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs from one used for produce (n. d.). It is also suggested to change boards once overused or worn. Meats and produce should be separated while grocery shopping and when stored in the refrigerator: meats should be tightly sealed until ready to use (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Cooking at the right temperature is important to eliminate bacteria as a bacterium multiplies...
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...she was getting adequate care, the E.R. would have put her on a preventative asthma medication. This would control the present, nerve-wracking symptoms. Being that her mother and father can’t purchase health insurance, she is not receiving adequate care. 2. Should she be able to see a primary-care physician before her condition gets so acute that she must visit the E.R.? Yes, she should have been able to see her PCP before her condition got so bad that she had to go to the hospital. The PCP can help her to understand what triggers her attacks, how to stay clear of those triggers, and give her a possible treatment/action plan. If she could get in to see a PCP, he/she will give the girl medication explain the medication, as well as how to take it. Also, if she were to see a PCP, she could let the PCP be aware of any changes in her symptoms. She will also be able to talk about any side-effects of her medications with the PCP. If the girl had a PCP, she more than likely would not end up in the E.R. as frequently. 3. Should everyone be entitled to a basic minimum of healthcare or to the exact same healthcare? Yes, I feel everyone should be entitled to a basic minimum of healthcare due to the fact that basic minimum healthcare is essential. If an individual doesn’t have basic minimum healthcare, that individual will suffer from afflictions, agony, and they lose their spunk. Healthcare guarantees that individuals are not suffering needlessly. This brings me back to the girl...
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... color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. EPA has this goal for all communities and persons across this Nation. It will be achieved when everyone enjoys the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards and equal access to the decision-making process to have a healthy environment in which to live, learn, and work.” ("Environmental Justice". U.S. EPA. http://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/. Retrieved 2012-09-23) This definition provides a clear summary of Barbara Johnston’s perspective on social justice environmentalism. According to Johnston, “environmental justice” addresses environmental problems that mainly affect low-income and minority communities. The basic premise of the environmental justice movement is that minority and economically disadvantaged populations assume greater risks from exposure to environmental hazards than do others. These compromised populations are known to have poorer health status than the overall population and have higher rates of a variety of diseases. Many complex factors interact to produce health disparities among minority and low-income populations. Behavioral choices, nutrition, access to medical care, genetic predisposition, and environmental and occupational exposures, over which individuals have little control, all contribute and are related. Where one lives and works is often less a matter of choice...
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...person when their basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter are neglected (World Health Organisation, 2015). The social justice issue of poverty is often associated with other countries, but many do not realise that poverty is a concerning issue in Australia as well (World Health Organisation, 2015). Australia is often called the 'lucky country' as it is a safe, peaceful and fair place to live- however this not always the case. There is approximately 2.5 million Australians living below the national poverty line and as a result their basic needs are failing to be fulfilled (ACOSS, 2014). A recent media article published in the Sydney Morning Herald by Judith Ireland,...
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...Environmental Protection - Recognizing the human right Pursuit to save the environmental life. Rashmi Shukla (Author) and Titiksha Shrivastava (Co-Author) 09/25/2012 Rashmi Shukla1 Titiksha Shrivastava2 Environmental Protection: Recognizing the Human Right Human rights, these are the basic fundamental rights guaranteed to every human under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and rights guaranteed to every citizen of India under the constitution of India. Article 21 of the India constitution has often been referred to as the spirit of Indian constitution, the article states that “Nobody shall be deprived of his Right to life and personal liberty except by the procedure established by law”. Prima facie the Article seems to be very concise but through various precedents and judicial dictions the Indian judiciary has recognized various facets pertaining to the article. The article briefly explains the duty of State to provide safe and healthy environment to its citizens as the part of Directive Principle of State Policy provided under Article 36-51 of the Indian Constitution. This paper seeks to marginalize the relation between human rights and Environmental protection by seeking the relation between environment and its effect on human life. The paper also adjudicates the same...
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...THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WHAT DOES IT MEAN? Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................i About the Center for Economic and Social Rights ...............................................................i Executive Summary............................................................................................................ ii Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 I. The Legal Framework for the Right to Health ................................................................ 4 A. The Right to Health in the UDHR and ICESCR..................................................... 5 B. Substantive Elements Required to Fulfill the Right to Health................................ 6 C. Procedural Protections of the Right to Health ........................................................ 7 II. The Current U.S. System ............................................................................................ 8 A. The Legal Structure................................................................................................. 9 B. The Financial Structure: Who Pays? Who Profits? .............................................. 11 III. International Standards in the U.S. Context .......................................................... 13 A. Availability...........................
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...Healthcare is a Right For several years, there has been an active debate among many Americans in the United States and their position on health care. For some individuals, health care is believed to be a commodity and an earned privilege. However, many feel that health care is a basic human right and follow universal and egalitarian guiding principles. Most importantly, health care is a fundamental right, just like food and water. According to the 1946 Constitution of the World Health Organization, its preamble defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. The preamble further states that, “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.” Overall, accessibility to health care is a major factor that must be addressed. As a nation, we have the responsibility to achieve social justice and support the systems that sustain the human right to health care. Some of the recent questions and concerns encompassing the right to health care include issues that address access, fairness, choice, value, quality and cost. On a national level, our health care system is economically draining. The United States is already the world’s biggest health care spender, surpassing countries that provide universal health care access. It spends the highest percentage...
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...Why Human Rights are Essential The first documented instance of Human Rights was by Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE. Cyrus the Great was an ancient ruler of Persia who freed the slaves of Babylon after defeating them. This was the first known documented instance of human rights. Cyrus’ actions were a model for many later historians. Human Rights have been in existence since ancient times and belong to every human regardless of class, race, or status. Human Rights are standards that allow people to live with, dignity, freedom, equality and peace. These rights are necessary to a functioning society. They are important because they give us the ability to live in equality with one another as humans and live in peace. Human Rights also provide peace and justice in a struggling society and enables us to be clearly entitled to basic necessities as humans....
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... Biomedical researchers have been able to find cures or eliminate diseases, create vaccines, and medicines that heave cure and protected the health of millions of people. The National Institute of Health (NIH) is the federal Government’s primary agency for advancing knowledge in the biomedical and behavior sciences in order to understand and treat human disease. In the past, research process often involved many unethical practices where the research participants lacked adequate protection. To protect human research participants from undo harm, biomedical researchers must follow the four basic ethical principles on which standards of ethical research are based: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Such ethical requirements on biomedical research are found in documents such as the Declaration of Helsinki or the Belmont Report. The four principles and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are the principal regulations and ethical protocols when conducted human research. In the United States, the National Institute of Health (NIH) is the primary agency responsible in enforcing ethic in human research but the IRBs falls within the authority of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In other countries, different names might be used, such as research ethics committees or ethics review committees. Where ever human research is conducted, either within the US regulations or internationally, it should be conducted only after an appropriate ethical reviewed has...
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...Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, having met at Stockholm from 5 to 16 June 1972,having considered the need for a common outlook and for common principles to inspire and guide the peoples of the world in the preservation and enhancement of the human environment, Proclaims that: 1. Man is both creature and moulder of his environment, which gives him physical sustenance and affords him the opportunity for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth. In the long and tortuous evolution of the human race on this planet a stage has been reached when, through the rapid acceleration of science and technology, man has acquired the power to transform his environment in countless ways and on an unprecedented scale. Both aspects of man's environment, the natural and the man-made, are essential to his well-being and to the enjoyment of basic human rights the right to life itself. 2. The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world; it is the urgent desire of the peoples of the whole world and the duty of all Governments. 3. Man has constantly to sum up experience and go on discovering, inventing, creating and advancing. In our time, man's capability to transform his surroundings, if used wisely, can bring to all peoples the benefits of development and the opportunity to...
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...poison and died. Socrates was determined to force the people of Athens to accept responsibility for their choice of comfortable superstition over logic and reason. What is the primary focus of the virtue of ethics theory? The primary focus is one’s character, especially the personal disposition to act well in various circumstances. What really guides our behavior as humans is not ultimately self-centeredness or explicit commitments to moral rules or results but rather the deep patterns of each of our personalities and behaviors. . Explain the basic concept of a right. The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are considered to be entitled, often held to include the rights to life, liberty, equality, and a fair trial, freedom from slavery and torture, and freedom of thought and expression Basic rights Explain the meaning of the Equal Liberties Principle. In other words, people have the basic freedom to do whatever they want to do. The only limitation on this moral freedom is our duty to extend these same rights and freedoms to others. Our only moral duty is to avoid violating the rights of others “Everyone is entitled to as many...
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...responsibility “to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty” (Workers, 2008). Ethics and values that are important to policies directed toward social and economic changes of America’s society. The 2010, Patient Protection Affordable Care Act involves...
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...Lending Institutions, Health Care, and Human Capital Monique Johnson Professor Cathey SOC300 Explore whether or not funding from international lending institutions like the World Bank and the IMF are helping or hindering the social, economic, or political development of the country that you have selected. Support your response with examples. The policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have systematically undermined democratic principles and eroded human rights protections in dozens of countries around the globe. By insisting that national leaders place the interests of international financial investors above the needs of their own citizens, the IMF and the World Bank have short circuited the accountability at the heart of self-governance, thereby corrupting the democratic process. The subordination of social needs to the concerns of financial markets has, in turn, made it more difficult for national governments to ensure that their people receive food, health care, and education -- basic human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Bank's and the Fund's erosion of basic human rights and their perversion of the democratic process have made the institutions a clear and present threat to the well-being of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The institutions, Global Exchange strongly believes, must be abolished and redesigned from scratch through a genuinely democratic, inclusive and transparent process involving all...
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...water … [was] a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights” (p.2). This right, however, is not accessible to everyone in the world. So, this paper will look at why unsanitary drinking water is a global problem, examining the problem through the lens of the conflict theory, and some possible solutions. Problems First, this paper will look at factors as to why unsanitary water is a global problem. According to the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, more than 780 million people still do not have access to safe drinking water in the world (Ramirez-Djumena, 2012, p. 33). While this number technically meets the United Nations Millennium Development Goal Target 7c to “reduce by half, between 1990 and 2015, ‘the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation,’” there is still more than 40 percent of all inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa who lack access to safe-drinking water and only 19 out of the 50 countries in that area are on track to meet Target 7c (Bain, 2012, p.228; Ramirez-Djumena, 2012, p.32). Without access to clean drinking water, the inhabitants in these areas are more susceptible to water-born diseases. The World Health Organization reported that due a lack of access to clean water, “1.6 million people die every year from diarrhoeal diseases … and 90% are children under 5, in developing countries” ("Health through safe drinking water and basic sanitation,"...
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...Basic concepts in nursing science School of Nursing Medical University March, 2005 Introduction 1. Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole （entirety） (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1) Physiological 2) Psychological 3) Social 4) Spiritual 5) Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism 1) Balance among subsystems of an organism 2) Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1) Physiological need 2) Social need 3) Affective need 4) Cognitive need 5) Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1) Approximately same basic need 2) The importance of each need for each person is different 3) All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive (4) Factors that affect meeting needs ...
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