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Health and Social Care Unit 5

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Unit 5 Assignment 1, Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care

Nucleus
The majority of cells in the human body contain a nucleus but not all nuclei are the same as there are many variations. The nucleus has the largest spherical structure within the cell, and is known as the ‘brain of the cell’ because the nucleus controls all of the cell’s activity, such as: reproduction of cells and movement. The nucleus contains strands of DNA (chromosomes) in the form of a double helix. Within the human body there are cells that have no use for a nucleus such as red blood cells and cells that contain multiple nuclei such as muscles, because they are more active.

Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a thick, clear semi fluid, gel like substance that is enclosed by the cell membrane and covers the entire cell. The cytoplasm contains other organelles, such as Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lysosome etc. This organelle is mainly made up of water, salts and proteins, and is where the cells, enzyme controlled, chemical reactions take place. These reactions are most commonly referred to as metabolism.

Mitochondria
Mitochondria are rod shaped organelles with a double membrane that are scattered around the cell in the cytoplasm. The three components of mitochondria are: the outer membrane, inner membrane and the matrix. The outer membrane acts like a skin, keeping the structure. The inner membrane is folded over multiple times to create a layered structure, which is known as the cristae, which creates a larger surface area for chemical reactions to take place. The third component of this organelle is the matrix; which is the fluid that is contained within the mitochondria. The mitochondrion is the organelle within the cell where aerobic respiration takes place. Any energy that is released during respiration is trapped and stored as Adenosine triphosphate

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