...an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person's own body, to replace the recipient's damaged or absent organ. The emerging field of regenerative medicine is allowing scientists and engineers to create organs to be re-grown from the person's own cells (stem cells, or cells extracted from the failing organs). Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person's body are called auto grafts. Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allograft. Allograft can either be from a living or cadaveric source. Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. Tissues include bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. Worldwide, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart. Cornea and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues; these outnumber organ transplants by more than tenfold. Organ donors may be living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death. Tissue may be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death, as well as of brain death – up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues (with the exception of corneas) can be preserved and stored for up to five years, meaning they can be "banked". Transplantation raises a number of bioethical issues, including the definition...
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...Angela Warren Date: 11/8/13 Re: Heart Transplant As the surgeon for this case I received a call today telling me that a heart has become available for one of three patients that are in need of a transplant. I must make a quick choice in which patient will receive the heart and then schedule him/her surgery for today. I must set up anesthesia, surgery room and have all the required personnel to help with the preparation for the transplant. According to J. S. Mill, if I use the utilitarian logic for each patient that is in need of the heart transplant. Each of the three patients is a tremendously important, with many loved ones whose death would bring a great deal of grief and actual physical discomfort of their family members passing. As the acting surgeon for the patient I must decide on who gets the heart transplant and quickly. As an act of utilitarian, in this situation the question would be complicated on deciding which patient gets the donated heart transplant? I say this because Dr. Jonathan Doe has offered the hospital $2 Million Dollars in exchange so that his daughter would be able to get the heart transplant. According to Lisa’s chart, she has a history of suffering health issues all her life due to various viral infections and a lupus-like immune deficiency. Her heart has been damaged due to pneumonia that she had last year and in which her heart had actually stopped. Who is to say that she will even survive the transplant, according to her history her chances...
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... As the lead surgeon and the decision maker for all transplant cases, I have been faced with another transplant dilemma. I received a call and was notified that a heart has become available for a transplant, but due to time restrictions a decision on where the heart goes must be made immediately. I currently have 3 patients that are candidates for this heart. I have decided to give the heart to Jerry, a 55 year old, father of 3 children, who has an immediate need for a heart and stands to be the most effective choice. I believe Jerry is the best candidate for the transplant because of the expected outcome. Jerry is 55 years old, married to a stay at home mom with 3 dependent children, the oldest in college and the youngest with special needs. His wife does not have the education to earn a decent income nor means to carry her own insurance policy. Based on this information the mother would have a difficult time providing for herself and her kids without government or other assistance. Jerry does not have any ongoing health issues or a strenuous job and is eligible for retirement in 5 years. Therefore, the possibility of an extended life expectancy and future healthy organ donation are promising. Additionally, Jerry has an immediate need for a heart transplant and has no chance for survival without it. The patient is currently here awaiting this procedure and he can be prepped and ready for a transplant as soon as the heart arrives at the hospital. Lisa, a 12 year old female...
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...successful human heart transplant happened on December 3, 1967 to patient Louis Washkansky in Cape Town, South Africa. Surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed the surgery using a technique scientists developed in 1950. The first successful heart transplant happened in 1958 when Norman Shumway performed it on his dog. 53-year old Louis Washkansky was dying for chronic heart failure and received his new heart from 25- year old Denise darvall who was killed in a car accident. The surgery was successful but Washkansky had to take medication to help his immune system accept his new heart. The prescription left his weak and easy to catch illness and he died 18 days later from double pneumonia, even though his new heart worked up until his death. Who- Christiaan...
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...Organ Transplant in the United States Stephanie Daniels UCA Certificate of Authorship I hereby certify that I am the author of this document and any assistance I received in preparing this report is fully acknowledged. I have also cited in APA format all sources of data, data analysis, ideas, words, phrases, or sentences. I also hereby certify that I have not submitted this paper to any other professor, at Webster University or elsewhere, during the course of my educational career. I have properly cited and acknowledged material that was presented in previous papers of my authorship. Signature: __________________________________________________ Date: __________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page # Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………3 Organ Transplant…………………………………………………………………………..4 What Organs and Tissues Can Be Donated……………………………………………….6 Organ Transplant Cost…………………………………………………………………….10 Ethical Issues: Organ Transplant…………………………………………………………..11 Strength and Weaknesses……………………………………………………………….....14 Alternatives and Key Challenges: Organ/Tissue Transplant……………………………...15 Summary and recommendations…………………………………………………………...17 References…………………………………………………………………………………19 Abstract Organ transplant experiments began in the 1800’s on animals and humans as a need...
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...Potential candidates for heart transplant Heart transplant Candidate It has come to my attention that a decision it needed to see which candidate is the most likely best potential candidate to receive a heart transplant. All the patients have real life threatening conditions and need a heart transplant as soon as possible. The first candidate is a married 55 year old male father of three, two of them are teenagers and the other is in college. This patient’s heart condition occurred when they were younger they experimented with steroids while he was bodybuilding in his twenties his heart became damaged due to the steroids. The second potential candidate for the heart transplant young twelve year old female, she has suffered from health issues all her life due to various viral infections and an immune deficiency that is almost like lupus. Her heart became damaged during case of pneumonia she received last year it was so severe that it caused her heart to stop, she was brought back to life by her mother who performed CPR which saved her life; and her father is a resident doctor oncologist in our facility. The third potential candidate is a thirty-eight year old male who has been homeless for about ten years, and has also abused cocaine and other potential narcotics in his life time. Without a heart transplant this patient will most likely will not survive till the end of the month. His lifestyle has lead him down a path in which without a transplant he will not survive. ...
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...Moonjeli takes extensive responsibility to follow the heart failure patients because of the patient volume and complexity of these patient’s needs. She is very cautious in the management of these patients and shows steady progress towards the professional goals for the enhancement of patient care. She collaborates with different attendings of the Heart Failure team in a professional manner. The Tuesday heart failure clinic is set up for high acuity patients, like patients with end stage and advanced heart failure who will be evaluated for heart transplant/ VAD; patients on home/ palliative/ hospice inotrope therapy; patients with VAD; post heart transplant patients; and patients with refractory heart failure requiring specialized interventions. She coordinates the care of more than 30 heart transplant patients, 5 LVAD patients, 10 patients on IV home inotrope -Milrinone and 3 patients undergoing transplant evaluation and follow up of more than 40 patients with advanced heart failure in the Tuesday clinic. Patients who are home inotrope dependent are followed weekly through phone calls for their weekly laboratory results and monitored very closely for their worsening of symptoms and to reduce the readmission of these patients. Wednesday and Friday heart failure clinic is set up for heart failure patients with ejection fraction < 35% and moderately symptomatic with physical activity. Patients who need additional monitoring for their diuresis and renal management...
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...To: - XYZ From: - Date: - RE: - Heart Transplant It has come to my attention that there are three qualifying candidates who are in need of available heart transplant. In this short duration of time, I have to decide which candidate is the most suitable for the heart transplant. The main purpose of this memorandum is to inform you about the decision that has been made for heart transplant patient. I want to address the process of this decision, and how I have incorporated professional and ethical views in decision making process. I evaluated all three patients’ current situation and their need for transplant. Jerry is 55 years old family man. He is in desperate need of a new heart because his heart fails at early age due to a use of steroid. The possible danger of steroid was unknown at that time. Lisa is 12 years old girl living with lifelong diseases. Her heart stops working after a struggle with pneumonia. Her father, Dr Joe, is a leading oncologist in our hospital and offering $2 million dollars donation. Lastly, Ozzy is 38 years old homeless drug abuser. His heart condition is due to continue drug abuse and overdosing of crack cocaine. After a brief study about their need for heart and their conditions, I decided that Jerry is the perfect candidate for heart transplant and will benefit most from this procedure. First, I have considered some common ethical and moral values in my decision making process. In case of Ozzy, I think it is unethical to judge a worth of...
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...1900s was looking for alternate methods for transplants that can reduce risks of a patient dying. With 3d bioprinting the possibilities are limitless. Bioprinting will revolutionize the world of medicine by reducing the number of patients on a waiting list, raising the life expectancy of patients, and lowering the cost of transplants. Firstly, 3D bioprinting will allow doctors to use a patient's own cells to print 3d organs, which will drastically lower the chances of the transplant failing. "At least one child in 12,500 is born with microtia,...
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...The Ethics of Organ Transplant Alexander Ontiverios Ethics 445 Course April 2011 Deciding a recipient for an organ transplant is a major decision. There are more people requiring organ transplants than there are organs to be given. This insufficient number of organs makes the decision one that can be based off of ethical theories. The first approach I took to this situation was the utilitarian approach. I first identified the various courses of action available to me. I have to choose between three people and decide which one will receive a heart transplant based on their history. If Jerry receives the heart, his chances of living another 15 years is very high, his mother and 3 children will be left with no support if Jerry fails to receive this transplant. The second patient Lisa who has a serious history of health issues, has an unlikely chance of living another 8 years even if the transplant is successful. Her mother and father, who are unable to conceive any more kids will be affected. The last patient Ozzy has a history of serious drug abuse. He was given the opportunity to receive a transplant through an organization he volunteers at. He has promised to stay drug free after the transplant and continue volunteering as a counselor to kids, but recidivism is a sever risk with his history of abuse. The children will be affected because they will lose him as a counselor. In my opinion I believe if Jerry received the heart transplant, it would produce the greatest benefit...
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... Where LVAD goes II Who needs LVAD A. Who needs a LVAD B. Hearts health III The Surgery of a LVAD A. Steps of the surgery B. Recovery IV Life after LVAD A. What can you do B. What cant you do C. Heart Transplant List Left Ventricular Assist Devices “Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) is a mechanical heart pump used to help a failing heart in patients with advanced heart failure” said MedicineNet.com. LVAD are lifesaving modules for patients who need a heart transplant that are waiting for a heart but their heart is not healthy enough to work on its own. LVAD is a key potential area of focus for researchers and various manufacturers at present. “Unlike a total artificial heart, the LVAD doesn't replace the heart; it just helps it do its job” according to MedicineNet.com. One of the heart pumps is called HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device. It helps move blood through the body. A small motor inside the pump turns the motor that moves the blood. This pump is placed right below the heart and is implanted under your skin. One end of the LVAD connects to the left ventricle the heart’s main pumping chamber. The other side is connected to the Aorta the large blood vessel that sends blood through out the body. The LVAD helps your heart by pumping your blood so that your left ventricle doesn’t have to work. The pump will send oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the aorta. Then the aorta will send the blood throughout your body....
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...Maci Baker To Transplant and Beyond The need of a heart transplant is a very frightening, mind draining task that some people have to overcome. This medical inconvenience affects not only the transplant recipient, but their family as well. The long months in the hospital that are spent awaiting the arrival of the “perfect heart” can seem like they last forever. I believe $1,000,000,000 should be donated to the To Transplant and Beyond charity because of all the help they provide for transplant recipients and their families. The To Transplant and Beyond charity is a nationwide organization. It was established in August of 2000 by John Fisher, a heart transplant recipient. Then in August of 2004, the foundation became a registered charity....
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...Improving Transplant Outcomes Through Shared Imaging Old Dominion University Health Informatics CHP 485 Dr. Ann Marie Kopitzke IMPROVING TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES THROUGH SHARED IMAGING “Organ donation and transplantation have saved countless lives.”(New York Organ Donor Network, 2012, p. 1) When organ transplant first started, organ allocation started simply with calling local or regional transplant centers to offer an available organ. Today, the organ allocation system is much more complex and utilizes multiple platforms to ensure the best possible placement of a transplantable organ. Currently, the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) is the federally designated entity that maintains the organ waiting list and allocation system. The UNOS system is similar to a clinical data warehouse (CDW), which “is a shared database that collects, integrates and stores clinical data from a variety of sources including electronic health records, radiology and other information systems.” (Hoyt, Yoshihashi, & Bailey, 2007, p. 45) The system not only stores information about organ donors and potential transplant recipients, it also maintains the waiting list and “generates a ranked list of candidates for each available organ in ranked order according to OPTN organ allocation policies.” (UNOS, n.d., p. 1) The UNOS data warehouse is a great system, but lacks one key piece of technology that would allow transplant centers to more quickly and efficiently evaluate an organ. For example...
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...of the heart transplant has been chosen. I will describe to you the process of this decision and evaluation and how the decision was made. Although the time in which to make such a drastic and life changing decision was brief, the decision was made with moral, professional and ethical choices. There were three qualifying candidates who were in need of the transplant: The first is a 55 year old male named Jerry, who is a husband and father of 3 children, aged 14, 16, and 19, a Middle Level Manager at a carpet distributing business and 5 years short of his retirement. His heart is damaged due to the use of steroids in his early 20’s when he was involved with bodybuilding before the dangers of steroid use were fully known. If Jerry gets the heart, his chances of living another 10-15 years are very high. The second is a 12 year old girl named Lisa. She is the only child in the family, and they cannot bear more children. She reads voraciously and yet likes playing with her Barbie Dolls. Lisa has suffered health issues all her life due to various viral infections and a lupus-like immune deficiency. Her heart was damaged during a nasty bout with pneumonia last year and actually stopped for a brief period. Even with a transplant, her chances of surviving into her 20’s are not good. Finally we have a 38 year old male named Ozzy who is homeless and a former crack cocaine abuser. His heart condition is due to continued abuse and overdosing of crack cocaine and without a transplant he will...
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...United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) The UNOS mission is to advance organ availability and transplantation to support patients through education, technology and policy development (UNOS, 2015). There is 122,571 people awaiting a lifesaving transplant (UNOS, 2015). UNOS has a computerized system which stores vital information about each patient who is in need of a transplant, and matches all donor organs with someone on the waitlist. The system works every day for 24 hours a day. It does not take a day off for any reason. When a deceased donor organ becomes available then the UNOS computerized system will go through every single person that needs that particular organ and rank them to see who is suitable to receive it. There is no number ranking with UNOS. The system will screen patients by using the following criteria to match the donor organ, survival benefit, blood type, height, weight and other medical factor as well as wait time on the transplant list, this system is used for all organs. The other factor that is taken into consideration is the size of the organ and if it will fit nicely in the patient. The patients who rank highest on this list are usually the ones that need it urgently. Pediatrics candidates usually do better with other children’s organs and they have a unique scoring system that it goes through to match the donor organ with the patient. Organs are always offered other children’s organs first, if they don’t find a child to match then they will look at adults...
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