...What is Organizational Behaviour? * Organizational Behaviour is a field of studies that seeks to understand, explain, predict and change human behaviour, both individual and collective in the organizational context.m * Human Capital is defined as the knowledge that employees possess and generate, including their skills, experience and creativity. * Roots of Organizational Behaviour Discipline | Influence on OB topics | Unit of Analysis | Psychology | Learning, personality, leadership, motivation, perception, attitudes, performance and appraisal. | Individual | Engineering | Design of work, efficiency, performance, standards, productivity and goal setting. (Scientific Management) | Individual + Group | Social Psychology and Sociology | Work teams, group and communication, group dynamics, roles, norms and standards of behaviour that emerge within groups; complaint and deviant behaviour, effects of codes of ethics in organizations, organizational change, and power. | Group | Anthropology | Organizational culture, origins of culture, patterns of behaviour. | Organization | Management (Administrative Science) | Design, implementation, and management of various administrative and organizational systems. | Organization | * Organizational Behaviour and Management. * Organizations are groups of people who work interdependently toward some common purpose. * Managers are people in organizations who perform jobs that involve the direct...
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...Managing Human Resources Introduction In the essay, I will firstly discuss the relationships between perception, motivation and behaviour in relation to the work of the human resource manager in an organisation. In order to do this I will briefly introduce each subject, comment on the linkages that exist between each of them and comment on the critical aspects of each that HRMs need to understand in order to be effective. I will then discuss the management of perception. Human resources management is one of the most dynamic and challenging area of management (Bratton & Gold, 1999). Each individual has its own set of standard which clearly defines his or her personality .This can be influenced by the origin of culture and tradition mind set. In an organization structure perception, motivation and behaviour are three fundamental elements that lead to strong implementation of organization structure. The human resource department must have the mechanism to manage the three fundamental elements. If they are not managed properly it can have an adverse impact on the organization strategy. According to Leopold & Harris (2009) the foundation of human resource management is based on the five areas: • Staffing - Recruiting the right person with the right qualification, skills and experience to key positions. • Development and training - Development and training programme to ensure that staff has the right knowledge and skills to keep up with new development taking place in the working...
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...Affecting Organisational Behaviour Organisation behaviour is a chief component of any business school core curriculum because it sets out to help students comprehend how human beings deal with being part of organisations, large or small, working in teams and so forth. It is, fundamentally, the study of the 'soft' end of business. The theories derive from a diversity of disciplines including sociology and psychology. It disquiets itself with the problematical patterns of individual and group working. Thus the apparent aim of the study of organisational behaviour is to understand why people work in positive ways and then working out how to use this knowledge to improve the use of resources. Factors Effecting behaviour at work: The role of work has changed throughout the world due to economic conditions and social demands. Originally, work was a matter of necessity and survival. Throughout the years, the role of "work" has evolved and the composition of the workforce has changed. Today, work still is a necessity but it should be a source of personal satisfaction as well. One of the vehicles to help provide attainment of personal and professional goals is work-life benefits and programs which also helps to assess the behaviour of an individual and the factors affecting the behaviour at work. Struggling with your essay? We can help! We can help get your coursework back on track, take a look at our services to learn more about how we can help. Essay Writing Service...
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...Business Management and Organizational Behaviour Organizational Behaviour - Change Organizational Behaviour – Change Introduction Change affects us all in different ways. The reality today is that managing change and coping with change is a never-ending process that can be complex and stressful. Constant change is commonplace in the modern workplace. Specific factors driving change include changes in the work itself, structural and organizational design alterations, shift to the global economy, and increased diversity. There is often resistance to change in organizations. This is usually traced to some combination of individual, group, or organizational characteristics, including the design structure of the organization, changing systems and programs, changing organizational policies, and the organizational culture. Organizations need to remain compatible with their external environments. However, the environments in which organizations operate are constantly changing, so they must recognize the shifts and respond accordingly in order to survive and remain effective. Successful organizations monitor their environment and take appropriate steps to maintain a compatibility with the new external conditions. Given the increasing amount of change that organizations experience, it is critical that all employees learn strategies to manage change and cope with change. Rather than resisting change, employees and successful organizations embrace change as an integral part...
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...Organizational Behaviour Unit 4 Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 58 Unit 4 Learning Structure: 4.1 Introduction Objectives 4.2 Learning and Learning Cycle 4.3 Components of Learning 4.4 Theories of Learning 4.5 Summary 4.6 Glossary 4.7 Terminal Questions 4.8 Answers 4.1 Introduction In the earlier units you have learnt about organizational and interpersonal behavior. In this unit we will get an understanding about the concept ‘learning’. Let us relate it with a small example - you pick up a cat and take it to a new environment such as a new house or a new garden and leave it there. Immediately the cat begins to move around slowly looking and sniffing at various objects, identifying avenues to enter and escape, places where food may be available, and objects that are dangerous and hence are to be avoided. The cat is learning. Thus we see that learning is natural, spontaneous, important and beneficial. It is wrong to assume that only human beings learn, or that learning is unnatural or that it is not important. A cat is looked upon as a great survivor and it is its natural instinct to learn which helps it to survive. Like the cat we human beings too have to learn not just in schools, but in every walk of life including within organizations. An organization where people learn the right things quickly is successful. An organization where learning is neglected falls apart. Since learning is so essential for the well-being of an organization it is not surprising that...
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...To begin with,organisational behaviour illustrates the performance of members in the organizations and helps to understand the external environments in order to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the organisations, as well as achieve their own mission(Aswathappa,2009).This essay aims to evaluate the statement that understanding organisational behaviour is important to organisation success. First and foremost, organizational behaviour helps enterprises to utilize the limited resources in their commercial activities such as machinery and land. It also helps employees to develop their skills and potential capacity. For instances, Taylor advocated that division of labour should be used by organisations as it can minimise the costs of production and strengthen the control of labour manually and mentally (Nair,2010). Employees can concentrate on specific task and utilize their strength effectively. Accordingly, it can avoid the overlapping of valuable resource and increase the productivity which is essential to the organisational success. Besides, Fordism indicated that the allocation of work task should be according to the ability of the workers(Brooks,2009).For example, untrained employees should do the simply equipped work. Conversely, skilful and reliable employees should be responsible for the complex task such as marketing and finance. It is feasible to improve the quality of production as they are given appropriate task. On the other hand, the theory of Henri Fayol...
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...Organisational Behaviour ------------------------------------------------- Title Page Introduction (p5) Part 1: 1.1 Primary roles, functions and activities of different management levels including their interface with organisational behaviour. (p5) 1.2 Concepts of organisation and behaviour and the characteristics of organisational culture (p7) 2.1 Individual contribution and assessing alternative approaches to personality and its measurement. (p9) 2.2 Process of perception and any distortions that may arise. (p10) 2.3 The concept of attitudes and the problems of attitude change including solutions like the learning process and its key theories. (p11) Part 2: 3.1 Comparing and contrasting need theories, behavioural models and process approaches. (p12) 3.2 Problems of motivation and the implications for management of the different theories. (p12) 3.3 The main approaches and recent developments in improving job design.(p15) 4.1 The concepts of morale and job satisfaction and their relationship to performance. (p16) 4.2 The sources of and reactions to frustration and alienation at work. (p17) 4.3 Analysing stress, appreciate its links to personality and recognise how best to handle stressful situations. (p18) Part 3: 5.1 Distinguishing formal and informal groups and their effects on...
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...Job Stress and Citizenship Behaviour of IT Employees in Nigerian Universities Fidelis Aondoaseer Ayatse (PhD) Department of Business Administration College of Management Sciences University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria Darius Ngutor Ikyanyon (Corresponding Author) Department of Business Management Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria E-mail: ikyanyondarius@gmail.com Received: June 23, 2012 doi:10.5430/jbar.v1n1p99 Abstract The study examined the relationship among organizational communication, job stress, and citizenship behaviour of IT employees in Nigerian universities and investigated if differences existed in the rating of these variables between federal and state university employees. Data were collected from IT employees in University of Agriculture Makurdi and Benue State University Makurdi (n = 49). Using Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and regression model as tools of data analysis, the study found that there was no difference in organizational communication and stress levels between IT employees in federal and state universities. However, differences existed in citizenship behaviour between the two samples, with IT employees in the state university showing higher levels of citizenship behaviour. The study also found a significant positive relationship between organizational communication and citizenship behaviour while stress levels were not found to be related to either organizational communication or citizenship behaviour. The implications of the findings...
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...dimensions of their jobs. Most managers think that their employees are lazy, and are interested only in money, and that if you could make them happy in terms of money, they would be productive. If such assumptions are accepted, the human problems that the management is facing are relatively easy to solve. But human behaviour at work is much more complicated and diverse. The new perspective assumes that employees are extremely complex and that there is a need for theoretical understanding given by empirical research before applications can be made for managing people effectively. MODERN APPROACH TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR The modern approach to organizational behaviour is the search for the truth of why people behave the way they do. The organizational behaviour is a delicate and complex process. If one aims to manage an organization, it is necessary to understand its operation. Organization is the combination of science and people. While science and technology is predictable, the human behaviour in organization is rather unpredictable. This is because it arises from deep needs and value systems of people. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND FOR MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Scientific Management Approach Scientific management approach was developed by F.W. Taylor at the beginning of the 20th century. This theory supported the use of certain steps in scientifically studying each element of a job, selecting and training the best workers for the job arid making sure that the workers follow...
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...Investigating the Impact of OJ & POS upon OCB: An Empirical Study Of LIC Employees In And Around Chandigarh. A SYNOPSIS SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH ON SEPT 11, 2012 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. RUPINDER KAUR BIR PARMEEN MBA (HR) 3RD SEM ROLL NO: 18[pic] CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..2 - Organisational citizenship behaviour……………………….........................2 - Organisational justice……………………………………………………......3 - Perceived organisational support…………………………………………...5 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………………………6 - Literature review of OCB……………………………………………………7 • Dimensions of OCB…………………………………………………….....8 • OCB as latent construct……………………………………………….......11 - Literature review of OJ………………………………………………………12 • Organisational support theory……………………………………….......13 • Justice fosters employees OCB……………………………………….......14 • Justice builds customer satisfaction and loyalty……………………......14 • Justice builds trust and commitment…………………………………….15 • Justice...
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...the company has in itself and what it can achieve. Mission has 2 diversities: strategic and philosophic. The strategy school views mission as a strategic tool, an intellectual discipline which defines the business’s commercial rationale and target market. It is perceived as first step in strategic management. It has to answer two fundamental questions: WHAT IS OUR BUSINESS and WHAT SHOULD IT BE? The second view that mission is a glue that enables to function as collective unity. This cultural glue consists of strong norms and values that influence the way people behave, how they work together and how they pursue the goals of the organization. Building a definition of mission Link between personal and corporate values is a crucial aspect of mission. Employees are clear what is important and are happy to follow the standards and behaviours their company ask of them. Their way of working is not only personal satisfaction but also superior to that of competitors. A strong mission exists when the 4 elements of mission link tightly together , resonating and reinforcing each other Purpose What is the company for? Many of the companies do not even attempt about the nature of their overall purpose. There are 3 categories of ideas of purpose. 1) Satisfy shareholders. The purpose of this companies is to maximize wealth for shareholders. 2) Satisfy the stakeholders (costumers, employees, suppliers). A company that totally ignores its employees’ needs would soon find...
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...a)Organisational behaviour Organisation is everywhere around us and people are the main recourse of an organization. today’s competitive business environment understanding the people who working in an organization is not less important then its overall success .organisational behaviour is concern with the behaviour of the people working within the company. It is the understanding of an individual or a group of people in order to help organizational improvement and its effectiveness Organisational behaviour and management theory are closely related. the activity of the people in an organization can not isolated from the role of management (Rollinson,2005) b)Importance of organisational behaviour Organisation are created by people and its missions are also set by people . People who run an organization are always trying to adopt themselves with the changing environment of the organization and often influence the organization by new skill and development .as people and organization are closely related they are learning from each other .the external forces such competition ,political, cultural environment are also help organization to learn new technical skill and communication. poet Samuel Butler said that “ any full can paint a picture but it takes a wise man to sell the picture” the skill of a Wiseman is worthless without the hard work of the fool people from this we can realize that how important it is for the manager to understand the organisational behaviour For...
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...1.0 Introduction Organizational behaviour is a field of study that analyzing the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organizations, for the purpose of applying knowledge to improve an organization’s effectiveness (Robbins & Judge, 2013). According to the early research, to improve the effectiveness of the organization, stuffing may be one of the concern, and this leads to the discussion of organization member behaviour (Rue & Byars, 2009). As recent research pointed out that organization member behaviour can be affect by many factors, yet values have long been considered important to explain action in and around organization (Schwartz,1992; Potocan & Nedelko, 2011). In this essay mainly focus on how personal value as a vital diver of working and behaviour. Different person may have different value that leads different thought, attitude and behaviour, whereas understand how value drive a personal behaviour is not only important for a manager but affect the organizational behaviour as well (Collins & Porras, 2002). Therefore, the discussion will emphasize how personal values adjust into a group or an organization; and how personal values influence the organization behaviour. Besides, the discussion will go through the influence of personality to give further discussion on how an individual fit into an organization. The Hofstede’s Cultural Framework and The Big Five Personality Model will be used to explain how value and...
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...and structures have on behavior within an organization. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and management; and it complements the academic studies of organizational theory (which is focused on organizational and intra-organizational topics) andhuman resource studies (which is more applied and business-oriented). It may also be referred to as organizational studies ororganizational science. The field has its roots in industrial and organizational psychology. Organizational studies encompass the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods, and levels of analysis. For instance, one textbook[1] divides these multiple viewpoints into three perspectives: modern, symbolic, and postmodern. Another traditional distinction, present especially in American academia, is between the study of "micro" organizational behaviour — which refers to individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting — and "macro" strategic management and organizational theory which studies whole organizations and industries, how they adapt, and the strategies, structures and contingencies that guide them. To this distinction, some scholars have added an interest in "me so" scale structures - power, culture, and the networks of individuals and i.e. ronit units in organizations — and "field" level analysis which study how whole populations of organizations interact. Whenever people interact in organizations, many factors come into play. Modern organizational...
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...Political Behaviour in Organizations Review the definition of organizational politics. Discuss whether an organization can be totally free of political behaviours? How could managers minimize political behaviours in their organization? (Farrell and Petersen 1982) states that Political behaviour resides in informal structures and relates to the promotion of self and group interests rather than being part of those formal roles regulated by organizational norms and goals. Both researchers went on to define Political behaviour in organizations as “those activities that are not required as part of one’s organizational role but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization.” Additionally (Robbins and Judge 2011) suggested that organizational politics focuses on the use of power to affect decision making in an organization or on individual and organizationally unsanctioned behaviours. It also includes efforts to influence the goals, criteria or processes used for decision making. (Robbins and Judge 2011) indentified two dimensions which influences political behaviours within the organization, and which plays a pivot role in the behaviours and attitudes found in the organization. These include: legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour. Legitimate political behaviour refers to the normal everyday polities which includes obstruction of organizational policies and decision through inaction or excessive...
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