...Surabhi Madadi AP Biology Period 4 Genetic Disorder: Hemophilia A Hemophilia A, or “The Royal Disease,” literally means “love of bleeding.” It is the most common type of hemophilia. People with hemophilia A bleed extensively after injuries due to a missing or defective clotting protein, factor VIII. Two-thirds of hemophiliacs inherit hemophilia from their parents, while the remaining one-third obtain it from a spontaneous mutation during embryonic development. Hemophilia has been recognized since ancient times such as the Talmud, Jewish Rabbinical writings. In 1803, Dr. John Conrad Otto recognized that the disease was hereditary and affects mainly males. Hemophilia is called “The Royal Disease” because Queen Victoria was a carrier. Her son,...
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...Hemophilia is a rare disease that affects about 400,000 people worldwide, and occurs mostly in men. In this report I will be talking about symptoms, how you develop it, treatment, testing, living with the disease and more. Hemophilia is a rare and painful blood disorder where your blood is not able to clot normally. There are two main types of hemophilia. Hemophilia A is a mutation in the gene VIII and type B is a mutation in the gene IX. Type A is four times more common than type B. if a person cuts or suffers internal injuries like a bruise they will bleed longer than a regular person. Also they will have a harder time recovering from the injury. When a person hits any part of their body hard enough the blood will pool inside their body and is very painful. Also when they get cut the blood does not stop without medical help. This disorder is genetic and you can only inherit it. It does not spread like a virus. It is very rare that a genetic mutation will occur and you get the disorder. Some symptoms are you have excessive bleeding from minor cuts, large or deep bruising, swelling in joints, nose bleeds randomly, extreme headache, vomiting,...
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...Hemophilia There are hundreds of different genetic disorders. Hemophilia is a sex- Linked disorder that affects the way a person’s blood clots. A sex-linked disorder has to do with the XX chromosomes of the mother and the XY chromosomes of the father. These genes have more functions than just identifying the sex of the person. Sometimes there are genetic mutations to these genes or certain traits that are passed down from parent to child. When a normal healthy person gets injured there blood clots or thickens so that they will stop bleeding and make a scab to protect the wound and begin the healing proses. Platelets are tiny elements made in the marrow of your bones. They flow though the blood stream waiting for bleeding to occur. After the body detects bleeding, it floods the damaged area with platelets. These platelets go through a chemical reaction that makes the outside of the sticky. They begin to stick to the damaged area and each other. This forms what is known as a white clot. The second thing that happens in the blood clotting procedure is many blood proteins in the thrombin system get activated when the body detects bleeding. When these proteins are activated they go through many chemical reactions to produce fibrin. Fibrin is a sticky string like substance that covers the wound in a Genetic Disorder 3 Web-like pattern. This is how a red clot forms. The web like design traps many red blood cells in it and that’s how it gets its red color. When someone...
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...Running Head: AIDS AIDS Michael W. McAlister Baker College Center for Graduate Studies Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 History 6 Origin 9 The Hunter Theory 9 The Ingestion Theory 9 Polio Vaccination Theory 10 The Conspiracy Theory 10 Spread 11 Research 12 Infection 13 Prevention 13 Cure 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This library research paper will provide the reader with a history of AIDS, where and how it originated as well as the public’s common belief of how AIDS was transmitted to humans, subsequently creating an unstoppable pandemic. This article provides scientific substantiation on the spread infection and prevention of the disease as it known today. Introduction A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large regions such as a continent or spreads worldwide (Pandemic, 2010). Since the eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds, the United States has battled many pandemics and outbreaks of various diseases that have had devastating effects on the public health during the periods they existed by causing thousands of deaths. Pandemics such as the polio pandemic which broke out in 1916 was responsible for killing 6,000 people, the great influenza of 1918 also known as the Spanish Flu was responsible for killing 50 to 100 million people in just six months (The Worst Outbreaks of Disease, n.d.). The number of people killed by this...
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...In New York State the issue of water control and supply is going to be an everlasting issue with the world’s population increasing at incredible rates. Fiester states cloning might also be criticized on deontological grounds. A deontologist is one who believes the rightness of an action derives not from the consequences, but from its nature. Cloning is not an action that follows the flow of naturally reproducing or how God intended us to procreate. In addition, Animal welfare becomes a big issue. The pain and suffering for example the elephant and mammoth research happening now they may have to go through can make people question the experiment all...
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...Charlinne Rivera Professor Clark ENC 1101 Research Paper 7 August 2012 Work Count: 1,227 The Unexposed Dangers of Blood Transfusions Blood is not considered the “fluid of life” without valid reason. This essential liquid is circulated throughout the human body within veins, capillaries and arteries to our heart, where it is cleaned from contaminants and waste products, then replenished with nutrients and oxygen needed to maintain life. That is the way the human body system nourishes its cells. Blood provides the necessary nutrients to our cells to keep them alive. When this process is compromised by chronic blood loss, trauma, clotting abnormalities (hemophilia, anemia, etc.), the most common treatment is the use of blood transfusions. How wise would it be to consider all of the risk factors involved with blood transfusions before making a decision to utilize one? “There is increasing evidence that blood transfusions are dangerous and often unnecessary” (Hupston, “Quality Blood Transfusion Alternatives” 1). According to the article “Blood Transfusions- Risks”, published by the Mayo Foundation Medical Education and Research (MFMER), several risks are associated with blood transfusions. Included are the possibilities of getting an allergic reaction, even when the two blood types are compatible. Such reaction can cause from hives and itching to greater problems pertaining to breathing problems and blood pressure, tachycardia, vomiting, anxiety and fever. If a reaction of...
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...Epidemiology Paper Epidemiology has become the method of choice for public health research. The patterns and trends and cause and effects of health affecting phenomena identified by epidemiology are instrumental in predicting risk factors e.g.; development of treatment strategies to prevent or contain diseases. Epidemiology estimates have changed over time related to changes in the definition and diagnosis of diseases. Epidemiology is practiced as a broad scientific discipline that addresses occurrences of diseases and distribution of health status of populations. Integration of casual concepts at the clinical, social and environmental levels will allow faculty to work to maintain an intellectual environment that will facilitate the integration of biological, social and, analytical approaches of epidemiology. This type of environment allows faculty and students to develop the knowledge to fully appreciate the complexities of biosocial system to understand, modify, and use this information to maximum potential. The focus of this paper will be on immigrant/migrants as a vulnerable population with emphasis on infectious disease a major health concern. The paper will define epidemiology and identify steps and methods of the type of epidemiology and examines relationships of illnesses and education related to infectious diseases. Epidemiology defined Stanhope & Lancaster (2008) defines epidemiology as “the study of the distribution and determination of health- related states...
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...Epidemiology and HIV Jody Houghton Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0191 Sandra White October 18, 2014 Epidemiology and HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is a virus that attacks specific cells in the human immune system weakening the body so it cannot fight off infection. HIV is a major public health concern in the United States with an estimated 1.1 million Americans infected, and 1 out of 5 people don’t even know they have it (www.healthypeople.gov). The virus is transmitted by blood or certain body fluids, which must come in contact with mucous membranes of another person for transmission to occur. Currently no cure exists, but with effective interventions the risk of transmission is greatly decreased (www.cdc.gov). HIV affects the CD4, or T cells of the immune system. The disease uses these cells to replicate itself, and in the process destroying the T cells. In turn, the body cannot fight off infections, and AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifests (www.cdc.gov). It is believed that the virus originally was present in chimpanzees in West Africa, and transmitted to humans when the chimpanzees were hunted for their meat as far back as the 1800’s (www.cdc.gov). The early signs of the virus are like many other viruses, fever, swollen glands, sore throat, rash, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, and headache (www.aids.gov).Testing is the only way to know for sure if you have the virus. Home testing kits are now...
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...Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations- St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital Tina Crawn Saint Leo University Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations- St. Jude’s Children’s Research Not-for-profit organizations are distinguished by characteristics to include receiving contributions of significant amounts of resources from resource providers who do not expect monetary benefits in return, operating for purposes other than to provide services or goods at a profit, and lack defined ownership interest that can be sold, transferred or redeemed. The Financial Accounting Standards Board is also responsible for overseeing not-for-profit organizations and accomplishes this by providing the Accounting Standards Codification or ASC. Not-for-profit organizations account for their revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities on the full accrual basis of accounting. The financial statements are to provide information that meets the common interests of donors, members, creditors and other resource providers. (Ives, Patton, & Patton, 438). The financial statements required for NFPO include a statement of financial position, a statement of activities, and a statement of cash flows. Revenues, expenses, and investments are all received with certain classifications imposed on them. St. Jude’s Children’s research hospital is a not-for-profit organization founded by entertainer Danny Thomas and opened on February 4, 1962. St. Jude is supported primarily by donations raised...
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...Products and Liability Research Paper Steve Jackson Strayer University Legal 500 Professor Wendy White June 10, 2014 Question # 1: Describe the company and the product safety issue that led to the lawsuit. Baxter Pharmaceuticals is a healthcare company located in Deerfield, Illinois which was founded in 1931 by Dr. Donald Baxter. Baxter Pharmaceuticals was the first manufacturer of commercially prepared intravenous solutions. The company primarily “focuses, develops, manufacture, and markets different healthcare products that are used to save and sustain the lives of people with immune disorders, hemophilia, infectious disease, and other chronic and acute medical conditions.” ("Corporate overview," 2013) Baxter has been known as a very global diversified healthcare company that has a great reputation for its safety and effectiveness since 1931. “The company also has expertise in medical devices, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology to create products that advance patient care worldwide.” ("Corporate overview," 2013) On June 2009, there was a lawsuit placed again Baxter Pharmaceuticals (which is also known as Baxter Health Corporation) by Dennis Quaid and Kimberly Quaid. The Quaid’s filed suit against Baxter for liability and negligence for the “medical drug error” which nearly killed their twins. The Quaid twins (11 days old) were in admitted into Cedar-Sinai Medical Center to be treated for a staph infection. The doctor prescribe that the twins be given...
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...Assessment 1: Skill Discovery Introduction In the field of organizational management, the concept of effective managing and leading has been discussing for long. Being a good manager or leader in contemporary organizations is no longer just about establishing control over their subordinates, indeed successful managers and leaders are required to equip themselves with a diversity of skills and competences. This paper will be focusing on managing skills and competences from a personal point of view. First of all, some commonly cited skills and competencies that are essential for successful managing and leading in organizations will be identified and explained briefly. Secondly, one skill will be nominated as ‘the strength’ of mine. Thirdly, another skill, which is considered as ‘the complementary behavior’, will be nominated as well. Both nominated skills will be discussed in detail and analyses are conducted based on relevant personality, working experiences, previous learning in management theories as well as some typical self-assessment exercises. Key Managing and Leading Skills in Organizations In recent years, managing and leading organizations to compete against competitors and establish sustainable advantages is no longer an easy target to achieve. With the rapid changing world, the traditional way of controlling employees in order to meet objective is losing its effectiveness. Organizations are taking significant transformations in terms of managing styles...
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...4 Main Idea • • • • • What is a main idea? What is a topic? How do you recognize the difference between general and specific ideas? What is a stated main idea? What is an unstated main idea? Everyday Reading Skills: Selecting a Book Copyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. 118 CHAPTER 4 Main Idea What Is a Main Idea? The main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, allinclusive statement of the author’s message. In classroom discussions, all of the following words are sometimes used to help students understand the meaning of the main idea. thesis main point central focus gist controlling idea central thought Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understand the main idea of what you read. Topic Main Idea Major Detail Major Detail Major Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Minor Detail Recognize General and Specific Words The first step in determining the main idea of a selection is to look at the specific ideas presented in the sentences and try to decide on a general topic or subject under which you can group these ideas. Before tackling sentences, begin with words. Pretend that the sentence ideas in a selection have been reduced...
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...ISSN 2277-0860; Volume 1, Issue 6, pp 108-114; October 2012. Online Journal of Education Research ©2012 Online Research Journals Full Length Research Article Available Online at http://www.onlineresearchjournals.org/IJER Teachers’ Quality as Correlates of Students Academic Performance in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools of Ondo State, Nigeria Akinfe E2, *Olofinniyi O.E1, and Fashiku C.O1 1 Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. 2 Golden Apple College, Ode-Irele, Ondo State, Nigeria. Downloaded 30 August, 2012 Accepted 2 October, 2012 The study investigated teachers’ quality as correlates of students’ academic performance in Biology in senior secondary schools in Ondo State. To guide the study, four research questions were raised. The multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from two hundred teachers (200) as respondents. A validated questionnaire titled: Teacher Quality as Correlates of Student Academic Performance with the used of simple frequency counts and percentage for analysis. From the data analysis it was revealed that: the role of professionally qualified/trained teachers is an important teacher quality which enhances students’ academic achievement in biology, teaching methods adopted by the teachers significantly influence achievement of the behavior objectives. Several schools in the population of the study lacked modern instructional materials without which effective teaching...
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...a person who is anemic is likely to have a lack of proteins and other elements in the blood. As a result, the blood cannot carry the needed nutrients to various parts of the body and the individual is likely to feel fatigued more often. Over time, anemia can also have a negative impact on the emotions, as the blood is unable to supply proper nutrition to the brain for the production of chemicals that help to maintain an even mood. Sickle cell anemia is one of the more serious types of anemic blood disorder. In addition to fatigue, a person suffering with this disorder is also likely to experience a great deal of pain. The pain may be localized in one part of the body or migrate to different areas throughout the course of the day. Ad Hemophilia is another relatively common blood disorder. Hemophiliacs suffer with a condition in which the blood lacks the normal ability to coagulate. This means that a minor cut or scratch that would be of little consequence to most people can be a serious issue for a hemophiliac or free bleeder. Special precautions must be taken to avoid cuts, since the blood loss can be quick and significant. A blood disorder can also mean the presence of some sort of disease in the bloodstream. The presence of the disease in the blood means that...
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...Unit II: Genetics Brief Overview Reading: Chapters 3, 4, 9-12, 14 (Note: you have reviewed much of this already) The earth is teeming with living things. We can easily see some of the larger organisms—trees, grass, flowers, weeds, cats, fish, squirrels, dogs, insects, spiders, snails, mushrooms, lichens. Other organisms are everywhere, in the air, in water, soil and on our skin, but are too small to see with the naked eye—bacteria, viruses, protists (single celled eukaryotes such as amoebae), and tiny plants and animals. Life is remarkable in its complexity and diversity, and yet it all boils down to a very simple idea—the instructions for making all this life are written in nucleic acids, usually DNA. Most organisms have a set of DNA that contains the instructions for making that creature. This DNA contains four “letters” in which these instructions are written—A, T, G, and C. The only difference between the code for a dog and the code for a geranium is in the order of those letters in the code. If you took the DNA from a human and rearranged the letters in the right way, you could produce an oak tree—arrange them slightly differently and you would have a bumble bee—arrange them again and you would have the instructions for making a bacterium. Acting through more than two billion years, the process of evolution has taken one basic idea—a molecular code that uses four letters—and used it over and over, in millions of combinations to produce a dazzling array of life forms...
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