...The foundations of Henri Fayol’s administrative theory Daniel A. Wren David Ross Boyd Professor Emeritus and Curator, Harry W. Bass Business History Collection, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA Arthur G. Bedeian Boyd Professor, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA John D. Breeze Independent Scholar and Business Owner/Manager, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Keywords Management theory, History Abstract Among modern scholars and students there is an increasing distance between the fundamenta l thoughts of early management writers and contemporary , often secondary , accounts of how these pioneers develope d their ideas. This shortcomin g can be remedied by seeking original sources from when a pioneer’s ideas were being formulated and from the context within which this occurred. We examine examples of how others have furthered our understandin g of management history by the discovery and translation of pioneerin g writings and present a rare, out-of-prin t translation and a previousl y untranslate d and unpublishe d presentatio n from the French pioneer, Henri Fayol. These presentation s to his colleague s in the mineral industr y reveal Fayol’s early reflection s as they would later evolve into his classica l book, Administratio n Industriell e et Ge Ârale. Âne Management Decision 40/9 [2002 ] 906±918 # MCB UP Limited [ISSN 0025-1747] [DOI 10.1108/0025174021044110 8] As management historians, we are seldom able to trace the formative thinking...
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...com/1751-1348.htm Henri Fayol, practitioner and theoretician – revered and reviled Mildred Golden Pryor and Sonia Taneja Department of Marketing and Management, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA Abstract Purpose – Fayol’s theories were the original foundation for management as a discipline and as a profession. Also Fayol was the first to advocate management education. Yet he has critics who revile him (or at least disparage his work) as well as followers who respect and revere him. This paper intends to enlighten today’s practitioners and academicians about the relevance and value of Fayol’s theories today. Design/methodology/approach – The paper addresses Fayol’s contributions as well as the disparagement and the reverence. It compares Fayol’s work with that of Follett, Mintzberg, Taylor, and Porter. In addition, it demonstrates the original and current interpretation and application of his theories. Finally, it indicates the alignment of Fayol’s theories with strategic leadership and management. Findings – Fayol’s theories are valuable and relevant for organizational leaders because Fayol was a practitioner who documented theories that worked best for him and his co-workers. While there are those who criticize Fayol’s theories, there are many others who respect them and find them useful as academicians and as practitioners. The theory of management functions aligns well with strategic leadership and management models and theories. Originality/value – The...
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...1. Spatig, L 2009, ‘Rediscovering Fayol: Parallels to Behaviouralist Management and Transformational Leadership’, Northeast Business & Economics Association Proceedings, pp. 196-199. (CAMILA AMAYA , 1718053) The article was wrote by Lauren Spatig, Doctoral Student from Fielding Graduate University, she created the article to make a comparison between three big management theories: Fayol’s classical management theory, McGregor’s behavioralist management theory (1966,2006) and Kouzes and Posner’s transformational leadership research (2007). Spatig is always comparing McGregor’s and Kouzes and Posner’s with Fayol’s theory. It is for business management students and people that are interested in different theories related to the way of manage a company. Also to prove that other authors based their theories in Fayol findings. The article was written in an organized and sequence structure. Remembering the audience who was the people she was describing and which ones were their thoughts. Besides, she support all her opinions and conclusions by books and written made by those three authors. Spatig state (2209), that all authors of management theories support their ideas from Fayol theories. In addition, states, that management is base on structuralism, that hierarchical roles in all companies bringing uneven distribution of power. However if the task are well distribute the power will be even and employees will fill more...
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...Henri Fayol and Zero Tolerance Policies Lee SCHIMMOELLER1 Abstract Zero tolerance policies have been increasingly popular in both education and business. Henri Fayol was the one of the earliest and influential thinkers in modern management theory. He defined management as a body of knowledge and defined his 14 administrative principles. It is an interesting exercise to apply Fayol’s teachings to the theory of zero tolerance and attempt to determine what Fayol would think of this new management technique. Keywords: Management, Fayol, zero tolerance, administration. JEL classification: B10, L20. Introduction Zero tolerance is a management technique that is finding its way into many of the administration policies of organizations, including the school systems in the United States. Administrative decrees declare that this organization with have zero tolerance for weapons or illegal drugs, or sexual harassment. Administrators often endorse zero tolerance as it makes a strong statement of organizational discipline and takes little discretion which may be criticized. Critics of zero tolerance claim it is ineffective and leads to random punishments such as 10 year olds suspended for 365 days because her mother packed a knife in her lunch to use to cut up her apple. When she opened her lunchbox she immediately turned it in to her teacher but was still suspended‘(American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force). What would the early theorist of management thought think...
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...DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING ADP/1/12/H/0460 HENRY FAYOLS PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT BY: AJIBODU OLAYEMI INTRODUCTION: In this (presentation) I shall be discussing Henry Fayols 14 principles of Management. To this end, I will like to take a look at the general definitions of Management from various proponents as well as look at the meaning of principles; especially in the context of Management. Before going into the work proper, the analysis of Henry Fayols Principles of Management theory, I will render some criticism against the theory as well as some appraisals before drawing a conclusion of the significant of the theory in the modern day business environment. Definitions: the term Management is used to a large extent in the business. It describes to the fullest the “is” and “ought” of efficient and effective running business organization. Accordingly various schools have offered definitions to the concept of management such as George R. Teny; “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives by the use of Human beings and other resources” Peter Drucker; “Management is a multipurpose organ that manages business, manages managers, manages workers and work” Harold Koontz; “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organizes groups” The description of the varying definitions as quoted above presupposes a process...
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...components • Finding better ways to perform the action • Re-organizing each job action to be more efficient Contribution of Henri Fayol: The administrative management was initiated by Henri Fayol, a French Engineer-cum-manager in Europe, mostly known as father of modern management. It is also called process school of management. Fayol stressed the general applicability of management principles. He pointed out that technical ability is more dominating the lower level of management. Managerial ability is more important in the higher level of management. He also stressed that the value of staff to assist line managers in complex organization. Fayol proposed that all operation in business organization can be classified under six headings— 1. Technical (Production) 2. Commercial (Purchasing and sales) 3. Financial (Funding and controlling capital) 4. Security (Protection of property and persons) 5. Accounting ( Stock taking and balance sheet, costing etc) 6. Administrative activities. • Classical management theory The classical management emerged during the early years of 19th century (1900-1930) land these ideas represent the first well developed framework of management. This classical management consists of tow distinct scientific management and administrative management. • Features of classical management. 1. It was closely associated with the industrial revolution...
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...بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Sudan Academy of Science MBA Program Principles of Management Assay about: Positive contribution of Henry Fayol & Max Weber on the Management thought Prepared by: Nuha Mohamed Saeed - Batch 15 Henri Fayol: the Administrative Theory: Henri Fayol developed the Administrative Theory. While Weber emphasized the principles of an ideal bureaucratic organization, Fayol concentrated on the management layer. He focused on the personal duties of a manager at a much finer level than Weber did. Fayol stated that management had five principle roles: * Planning, meant anticipating the future and acting towards it * Organizing, meant the development of resources, both capital and human * Commanding, meant keeping the processes of the business running. * Coordinating, meant syncing the group’s efforts in the best possible way. * Controlling, meant that all the above activities were done according to appropriate rules and procedures. Fayol created 14 principles of administration to go along with these five goals. 1. Division of work: work is divided according to skill and technical expertise; each item of work be given to the employee most qualified for it 2. Authority and responsibility: Fayol defined authority as 'the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience.' He emphasized the importance of linking authority to responsibility. 3. Discipline: obedience and behavior of respect. 4. Unity of command: an employee should receive orders...
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...Henri Fayol: Contributions to the classical stream of Management Theory Present management practices and theories have evolved from classical management theory created by organisation pioneers, and one such influential pioneer was Henri Fayol. Henri began his career as an engineer in a large French mine and eventually succeeded to become the director, here he realised the lack of resources available to managers for developing management practices. Fayol’s did not believe in the old ideas of an individual born to rule, he believed that an employee needs to be motivated and among many other things, money is an important variable in motivation. He also said that managers should keep the morale of his employees high and keep them motivated so they can perform at their best. Fayol believed that by focusing on management practises he would minimise misunderstanding and increase efficiency in organisations and started synthesising his 14 principles of management, which are considered as the foundation and essential references for present management practices and theories. Fayol’s principles of management are still widely used in organisations by management to perform day to day tasks and other functions. His 14 principals acknowledged the importance of management hierarchy and key management process in any organisation. These principles are as follows (Study mode, 2013): 1) Specialisation of labour. Specialising encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development...
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...Midterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Liberty University February 5, 2014 Midterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory "Classical Organizational Theory deals with the 'systematic processes necessary to make bureaucracy more efficient and effective.' Name three scholars that are credited with the development of classical organization thought that most correctly fit into this definition of Classical Organizational Theory. What were the basic arguments articulated by each in their contributions to the development of Classical Organizational Theory?" Classical organizational theory supports two views. Scientific management which focuses on managing work and employees and administrative management which addresses issues which affects the how the organization should be structured. (Classical School of Management, 2011). There are a few contributors to the classical organizational theory, Frederick Taylor focused on scientific management and Henri Fayol, Max Weber and Luther Gulick are known for the their theories on the administrative management portion. Frederick Taylor was born on March 20. 1856 in Pennsylvania, after his studies in Europe he had plans of attending Harvard but did not pass the entrance exams. Taylor instead worked as a pattern maker at a pump manufacturing company in Philadelphia. His techniques and managerial practices were adopted in the United States and the world in the 20th century. His principles of management emphasized the control of...
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...Institution: I.U.C Course: Planning and Management Date: February 24, 2010 Theories of Management Historical forces influencing the practice of management With the emergence and evolution of large scale business at the dawn of the twentieth century, theorists and managers took interest and focused on how businesses should be operated. The first important ideas to arise are known today as the classical management perspective. The classical management perspective consists of two distinct categories; scientific management and administrative management. Scientific management was developed as a response to productivity problems faced by businesses in the early nineteen hundreds. Businesses were expanding and there was sufficient capital but the labour needed was in short supply. The scientific management theory focuses on finding ways to improve the efficiency of individual workers to compensate for the shortage in supply. The major contributors to this management strategy were Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) as well as Frank Gilbreth, Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972), Henry Grantt (1861-1919), and Harrington Emerson (1853-1931). Administrative management focuses on managing the organization as a whole. The primary contributors to this theory were Henri Fayol (1841-1925), Lyndall Urwick (1891-1983), Max Weber (1864-1920), and Chester Barnard (1886-1961). Henri Fayol, a French Industrialist and administrative management’s most articulate spokesperson, attempted to systematize the practice...
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...Administrative Principles The fourth major theory of management thought is called administrative principles. This is the third and final subset of the classical perspective. Henri Fayol, a French mining engineer was a major contributor to this theory of being “focused on the total organization” (Daft & Marcic, 2015). In a scholarly article, called Henri Fayol's Centre for Administrative Studies, it talks about Fayol’s belief in management being a part of every aspect in your life, from the home to work and even a part of government (Breeze, 1995). Some of the principles of management introduced by Fayol include the unity of command, division of work, unity of direction, and the scalar chain (Daft & Marcic, 2015). These principles have been...
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...Introduction Classical theorists strived to develop one all encompassing theory that would improve management’s effectiveness within an organization and methods for dealing with the challenges they faced (Hartman, n.d.). There are three primary “classical” theories: Scientific Management, Bureaucratic Management / Autocratic management, and Administrative Management. This paper will discuss the three primary management theories as well as discuss several other theories relating to some of the primaries, and some that were slight precursors to the classical movement such as Change Management and Autocratic Management (Sridhar, n.d.). Classical Perspective The oldest of the "formal" viewpoints of management emerged during the late nineteenth and came to be known as the classical perspective. The classical perspective roots in management occurred rapidly through expanding manufacturing organizations that typified U.S and European industrialization. Early contributions were made by management practitioners and theorist from several corners of the world (Eastern, n.d.). The classical perspective consists of three main subfields: 1. Scientific Management (by Frederick Taylor) 2. Bureaucracy Management (by Max Weber) 3. Administrative Management (by Henry Fayol) Scientific Management Theory In the 19th century machinery was changing the means of production, and managers needed to find more efficient ways of production. Traditional methods of production, where a worker...
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...I. Classical Management Theory The Evolution of Classical Management Theory The Industrial Revolution was a time where innovation really began to change the way that products were produced and sold. The invention of machines to produce goods in the 19th century drastically improved productivity, which in turn lowered the cost to the consumer. The lower price resulted in a greater demand for products and thus a greater need for more factories and workers. Responsibilities of a manager As factories increased in number, managers continued to search for ways to improve productivity, lower cost, increase quality of their products, improve employee/manager relationships and increase efficiency. The focus shifted from using machines to increase productivity to how they could increase employee productivity and efficiency. When they did this, they began to notice some new problems inside their factory systems. Employees were dissatisfied with their current working conditions, and many lacked the necessary training for how to do their work efficiently. Managers then began to formulate and test possible solutions, one of which was to find the best possible way for workers to perform and manage their tasks. The research resulted in the development of classical management theory. Factory workers must be placed in suitable job roles. Expansion of Classical Management Theory Classical Management theory expanded throughout the first half of the...
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...A Summary of the Key Thought Leaders of the Classical School of Management Beth J. Beal Mary Baldwin College BUAD200L WA SP2014 Principles of Management A Summary of the Key Thought Leaders of the Classical School of Management Introduction According to Daft (2009) "Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources." The classical school of management often referred to as the "Classical School of Thought" was born in the early 1900s out of a need to run organizations efficiently, and it is so named because it comprises the first works and contributions that make up the core of modern management theory. Classical theorists viewed workers as a production instrument and were interested in finding ways to use people efficiently or in "one best way" through the application of science (Lindsey, 1998). It was also during this period of development that the five basic functions of management were identified: planning, organizing, command, coordination, and controlling (Wren, 1994). These five functions are often referred to as "the management process" (Wren, 1994). The classical viewpoint sought to find ways to manage work and run the organization in the most efficient manner, and is made up of the following three major approaches. The scientific management approach represented by the work of Frederick W. Taylor and supporting efforts of Frank and Lillian...
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