...have only been 27 constitutional amendments since it was created. This shows how difficult it is to amend the constitution and rarely it is amended; only 17 of the amendments have happened in the last 210 years. There are four key reasons why it is hard to amend the constitution but there are other reasons, not to do with the amendment process, that have meant the constitution hasn’t been, or needed to be, amended. The first reason is that the Founding Fathers created a deliberately difficult process. To amend the constitution both Congress and that States have to agree using super-majorities. The use of super-majorities makes the process even more difficult. This is shown by the hundreds of amendments that have been proposed but not successfully carried through and legitimised. The need to get support from a super-majority in all the States is also very time consuming and costly and so it is even more difficult for politicians to get and amendment passed. Furthermore there is a huge percentage of the American population which are at opposing sides of the American political compass. This means that it is often very hard to get everyone to agree to the same policies and amendments and therefore very difficult to get a super-majority at state-level. The process created by the Founding Fathers means that it is incredibly difficult to amend the constitution but it wasn’t just amendment process they created which limits the number of amendments. The Founding Fathers also chose...
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...Bat Agaoglu 9/25/2012 IR 376 Professor Kinzer Paper #1 1) I tell you what I am going to say- The 1890s saw an expansion on US imperialism of American territory, as a result of economic, political, and cultural factors with justifications on acquiring more land, power, and resources. Many Americans believed U.S had to expand to increase population, wealth, and industrial production which demanded more resources. So, therefore, US took control of other territories such as Hawaii, Cuba, and Panama to impose its own beliefs of government and culture on the people. The United States encouraged these territories to become independent from other nations so that they would be more beneficial to us. Although we freed these territories from their restraining governments, it was only in our own interest. It started during the 1840s with the manifest destiny which was used to warrant the expansionist movements of that time. Expansionist used the population growth and close frontier to support their intentions on conquering new territories. Expansion would lead to economic advantages such as trade with new colonies and Asia which at that time was becoming increasingly important to American economy in the late 19th century. Another argument expansionist used was to prevent other countries and colonies from gaining more land and they also felt the need to rival with the other imperialist countries. They had a desire to compete with Europe for overseas empires. The U.S. sought for...
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...Accounting The Codification — Do You Have All the New Topics, Subtopics, Sections, Subsections, and Paragraphs Memorized?In July 2009, the Codification became the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. GAAP. The Codification’s hierarchy is topic, subtopic, section, and paragraph, in that order, each with a numerical designation (e.g., ASC 810-10-25-37, which was formerly paragraph 6 of Interpretation 46(R)). ASU 2009-17 incorporated Statement 167’s amendments to the VIE model into the Codification. The beginning of each section of this Roadmap contains quotes from the appropriate Codification paragraphs. In addition, for those of you still trying to find your way through the Codification, we thought it would be helpful for each Codification paragraph to be followed by a reference to the corresponding pre-Codification paragraph from Interpretation 46(R), as amended by Statement 167. Although ASC 810-10-55-37 (paragraph B22 of Interpretation 46(R)1) might not roll off your tongue like “B22 of FIN 46(R)” used to, the Codification is here to stay. However, we suspect that just as there are probably a few accountants who are clinging to their last version of the FASB’s Original Pronouncements (we know you are out there!), there are some that might need a little help finding the new VIE guidance in the Codification. Accordingly, Appendix D of this Roadmap includes a guide that cross-references the paragraphs from ASC 810-10 to the guidance in Interpretation 46(R), as...
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...The Comparable Worth Debate March 20, 2012 The Comparable Worth Debate Comparable worth means getting the same amount of pay for jobs of equal value in an organization. This is completely different from the concept of “equal pay” which means that workers who perform the same duties with the same job title get the exact same wages. Comparable worth is a recognized strategy for determining job compensation. If an organization is going to put a specific value on a function, it should also put the same value on other functions that are of equal importance. Comparable worth remains an undeveloped concept. Many court cases have been heard in reference to comparable worth but the suits were unsuccessful as the procedure is not clear. (The Law and Compensation and Benefits, 2009) If a company values a position, they should show the employees that they are valued and appreciated through salary and wages. I am certain that most employees would agree. As the HR department’s director, James Bledsoe, should consider the issue of comparable worth for reasons that involve legal and ethical consequences as well as the organizational structure. The pay system that a company uses reflects that company’s culture. The culture determines the policies and guidelines that are in place, the company’s expectations, and the way that employees carry out the company’s mission. Employees are more likely to coordinate their behavior with company goals without the need for vast procedures and mounds...
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...The Equal Rights Amendment is one of the twenty-seven failed amendments to the United States Constitution. This amendment would give equal rights to men and women, under federal and state laws within the United States. The amendment was written in 1923, by Alice Paul, a suffragist leader and founder of the National Woman’s Party. It was presented at every Congress from 1923, until 1972 when it was passed and sent to the states for ratification. However, only 35 out of the 38 required states, ratified the amendment, it was given an extension until 1982, but still failed to pass and has become extinct within Congress. The amendment has been proposed at every Congress since its failure to be ratified. The proposed amendments states that “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” The amendment has three sections, and this statement is featured as the first. The second section states that “The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article,” and the third section states that “This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.” Essentially, the amendment would affirm the equal application of the United States Constitution, to both sexes. However, according to some opposers of the Equal Rights Amendment, it would also take away some of the rights granted to women in previous years. The amendment would require women to sign...
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...Merrit Duke History of American Women May 27, 2015 Equality: Too Much to Ask For? The Equal Rights Amendment has been the source of much debate for almost an entire century now. Since first purposed by Alice Paul in the 1920s one’s stance on the potential amendment has been a dividing factor in the political sphere. Though the amendment was shut down in the 1920s there has been discussion about adding the Equal Rights Amendment into the constitution today. If the potential amendment was to be brought back up my stance on the debate would be in support of the amendment. For some background on the debate on the Equal Rights Amendment it would be good to look back and see where activists in the past were split and what about the Equal Rights Amendment has divided them. The Antebellum era gave two different types of women activists, the true women and the Early Feminists. The True Women argued for gender distinctions, separate spheres, domesticity, and women as moral guardians in their natural role as a mother. The True Women would be the women who be apposed to the Equal Rights Amendment and would be active in the fight against it. Arguing against the True Women were the Early Feminists who stressed gender equality, suffrage for women, equal education, human rights, and saw women as rational beings. This group of activists would be in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. Next would be the Progressive era where the two parties in the debate would be the Early Feminists and...
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...Dark Money and its Influence on US Politics Dark Money and its Influence on US Politics Abstract The influence of voters is overcast by lobbyists who funnel channels of dividends toward the candidate or party of their choosing. With our self-galvanized democracy, this is becoming all too common as our voices in collusion begin to fade. To placate reign, we acknowledge fault as the American public pleads with the top justices to limit lobbyist inequity through entitled equity only to be dismayed by the brittleness of our justice system as it concedes to an ambiguous constitutional amendment that endures free speech equates to filled pockets. Dark money’s malignant strike is designed to silence the many who toil for the sake of the few who take. Conservatives protest anonymity for protection from public outrage which could lead to dwindling sales and lost revenues from faithful lobbyists and big businesses. The American public demands disclosure to ensure greater confidence and voter turnout and prosperous turn in gracious candidacy. In a political climate built on attack ads, clarity is essential for due process not matter how high the stakes are for candidate. Association will either lead to adequate support or an inevitable defeat. Introduction A 5-4 vote was need for the Supreme Court to dislodge the necessary caps to plug lucrative high-profile tycoons and corporate conglomerate...
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...believe the feminist movement to be dead, but they would be wrong. While today’s movement still focuses on some of the same issues from the second and third wave such as equal job opportunity and violence against women, it has also spread beyond just our countries boarders. These days, our voices have shifted to become less focused about the individual and more geared toward helping women everywhere. In our country we still don’t have equal opportunity for women, and women in general are pushed into thinking that men are more important in their everyday lives. This usually starts at a young age, from the time that we’re told we need to change our clothes so we don’t distract the twelve year old boys in our classrooms. Even the equal rights amendment is still not a part of our constitution. So we have a long ways to go ourselves, but our focus,...
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...that will win them equality with men. According to the U.S. Department of Labor and Statics in its 2006 report, “At all levels of education women have fared better than men with respect to earnings.” Upper-class women may use a college education as a stepping-stone into the primary labor market. Their educational credentials and family background will help them get good positions. Working-class women, without family connections and educational opportunity, are likely to remain in the secondary labor market and fall further behind. A few new words that I learned this chapter are comparable worth, Equal Rights Amendment, and Beguines. Comparable worth is evaluating and rewarding different occupations equally if the work in each occupation requires the same level of skill and is of equal value to the employer. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States giving equal rights to women that was not ratified. Beguines are communes, existing...
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...Dear Mr. Nelson: I am writing at your request with regards to Ms. Jackson's recent legal claim of constructive discharge against Maggies Market under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights act as it pertains to religious discrimination. The following memo will cover the relevance of constructive discharge and the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII, in addition to my recommendations with specific court cases that pertain. For your information and for further perusal, I have attached a references page to this document with the article, book, and cases referenced within this memo. Relevance of Constructive Discharge Constructive discharge has complete applicability to the situation at hand. Constructive discharge as explained in the case Turner v. Anheuser-Busch (1994) is termed when an employee can prove that a work situation created by an employer was so intolerable or in our situation, incompliant to Ms. Jackson's Sabbath day observance, that the employee feels compelled to resign. Although Ms. Jackson may be required to provide evidence that we as a company were allowed the opportunity to make allowances for Ms. Jackson's religious needs and in some courts, that we as an employer deliberately created a work environment with the intent of forcing Ms. Jackson to resign, which we of course did not, there is still great relevance to the claim of constructive discharge and Ms. Jackson's claim should be treated with care and timeliness. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964)...
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...back over to the returning military men with only a fraction of change in making these jobs more available to women. Now knowing they could do a man’s job, bring home the bacon and fry it up in a pan to support a family, was now know throughout the country and world. In the 1960’s another spark ignited the women cause for equality with the National Woman’s party and others in congress. The sixties on into the early seventies may be remembered as the era of Love and Peace, but I would have to say it was one of the most violent and productive times of the century. The addition of Sex Discrimination to the Civil Rights Bill at the last minute added another chapter in our history. Early in 1919 the House of Representatives passed the 19th amendment by a vote of 304 to 90, and the Senate approved it 56 to 25. Within the government when a law is to pass it has to go through the House of Representatives and then the Senate, but this bill met great resistance by a majority of those members. It was even rejected at one point until it was brought back to life because of demonstrations outside of the White House and the ones who were voting against the bill somehow managed to lose in the upcoming elections. Supposedly a...
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...In class today I was pro-ERA. I felt that this amendment would give men and women constitutional equality, so why would I vote against it? Although, I did feel it wasn’t 100% necessary today I felt that this amendment could help women even if it was in small ways. However, after reading "Nine Reasons to Reject Equal Rights Amendment" I felt that I was leaning more towards the anti-ERA side of the argument. The ERA would give more power to the Federal Government. The Federal Government would have a vast amount of power in topics that "include traditional differences of treatment on the account of sex." Such as, marriage, divorce and alimony, child custody, adoptions, abortion, sex crimes, and private and public schools. I never thought that...
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...Party Platforms Democratic Party on Abortion Strongly and unequivocally support Roe v. Wade. (Sep 2012) Invest in stem cell and other medical research. (Nov 2006) Pursue embryonic stem cell research. (Jul 2004) Support right to choose even if mother cannot pay. (Jul 2004) Choice is a fundamental, constitutional right. (Aug 2000) Democratic Party on Budget & Economy Create an economy built to last & built from the middle out. (Sep 2012) Restore the budget discipline of the 1990s. (Nov 2006) Cut the deficit in half over the next four years. (Jul 2004) Democrats reversed economic stagnation of previous years. (Aug 2000) Democrats must continue to lead Americans to prosperity. (Aug 2000) G.O.P. creates debt, Dems create surpluses. (Aug 2000) Democrats will eliminate publicly held debt by 2012. (Aug 2000) Policy should encourage home ownership & affordable housing. (Aug 2000) Democratic Party on Civil Rights Enable disability access; plus 100,000 federal jobs. (Sep 2012) Equal treatment under law for same-sex couples. (Sep 2012) Racial and religious profiling is wrong. (Jul 2004) Keep marriage at state level; no federal gay marriage ban. (Jul 2004) Strengthen some parts of Patriot Act and change other parts. (Jul 2004) Support affirmative action to redress discrimination. (Jul 2004) Police should have zero tolerance of racial profiling. (Aug 2000) Pass hate crime legislation...
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...public interest. I think that because he had a lot of experience, he was the longest-serving senator in the state's history. He does exemplify political courage because he not afraid to take a stand for what he believes is right. During the Women’s Right Movement in the 60’s and 70’s, the World of American women was limited in almost every respect, from family life to the workplace. A woman was expected to follow one path: to marry in her early 20s, start a family quickly, and devote her life to homemaking. Carl Levin signed the Women’s Equal Right’s Amendment in 1972. Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women. Constitutional Amendment: Prohibits denying or abridging equality of rights under the law by the United States or by any state on account of sex (Source: HJR69&SJR21 11-SJR21 on Jun 22, 2011). Levin co-sponsored re-introducing the Equal Rights Amendment. Levin co-sponsored Paycheck Fairness Act. This act makes sure women gets paid the same as men. Levin also voted yes on $100M to reduce teen pregnancy by education & contraceptives on March 2005. Levin also voted for women to get equal pay as men. In honor of NAACP, Levin signed a bill honoring the 100th anniversary of the NAACP. Recognizes the 100th anniversary of the historic founding of the NAACP. Honors and praises the NAACP on the occasion of its anniversary for its work to ensure the political, educational, social, and...
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...women were not allowed to vote, not allowed to hold jobs, and were simply thought of being the ones who stayed at home to be with the children. Now women can vote, have jobs, and do things men can do. With all the advancements towards equality, women seem to be taking a step back, because women are treated unfairly today. The United States Federal Government should re-ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), making sure all the 50 states accept it, because it will insure everyone will be treated equal. In this essay, I will briefly trace the history of women inequality and explain why it is a problem. Next, I will provide evidence as to how women are treated unfairly, and explain what the Equal Rights Amendment is. Lastly, I will explain how re-ratifying the ERA will guarantee equality for all, by eliminating women inequality. It has been over 100 years since the first women’s rights convention was held in 1864 and there have been so many advancements for women rights. The first Women’s Trade Union League was established in 1903, women gain the right to vote in1920, and Equal Rights Amendment was finally introduced in 1923. The ERA was what women in America were fighting for; something that would guarantee equality. According to equalrightsamendment.org, the ERA guaranteed freedom from legal sex discrimination and was separated into three sections: * Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any...
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