...Essay Question Compare and Contrast Two theories of motivation. Suggest how a team leader might use these theories to motivate their team. Motivation according to Vroom (1964) is based within the individual , which influences one to complete a task. It is important for team leaders to motivate their team in order to 'improve productivity' (Hyun and Oh ,2011, P103) and ensure that employees enjoy their jobs. Many theories of motivation have been developed, which allows team leaders use in work to motivate their teams The theory's which will be compared and contrasted in this essay are:- Herzbergs two-factor theory and Adams equity theory. Herzbergs theory, has become widely used as well as an respectable theory for explaining motivation and job satisfaction( Oscar,2005). Whilst Adam theory of equity explains the concept of perception of equitability and inequitability experience by the individual which determines how motivation they are. (Al-Zawahreh and Al-Madi 2012) Herzbergs (Herzbergs 1968) two factor theory of motivation was developed from responses of workers through the use of an 'critical incident' interviewing technique , in comparison to the equity theory which was developed through the use of the laboratory. (French et al, 2011). Hence the methodology issues raised in both questions the reliability of the theory's. This being, for the former (two-factor theory) although gathered data from real life industries of work,socially desirable answer may...
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...contrast one process and one content theory of motivation. Evaluate hoe appropriate they are for organisations today. This essay’s aim is to analyse and establish an understanding of various motivation theories and their possible application within organisations. Along with implementing, the information related to motivation, this essay would demonstrate the importance of motivation and it is necessary for organisations to motivate their employees effectively Motivation derives from the Latin word “movere” which means to move. Luthans (1998) defines motivation as “a process which begins with physiological or psychological need or deficiency which triggers behaviour or a drive that is aimed at a goal or an incentive“. In other words, an individual must feel a need to an extent that will drive them to satisfying it. Some psychologists and business people define motivation as the thing that makes people do something, which usually they will not do. Motivation is a fundamental psychological approach where the management process of inducing employee’s behaviour established on the evidence of what causes people to click (Luthans, 1998). Theories of motivation presume that motivational behaviour happens due to work fulfils their psychological needs or because there appears to be a link between effort and performance and performance and value of outcomes (R. Fincham and. Rhodes 2009). There are two types of motivational theories: content theories, which focus on the specific identity...
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...any two theories of motivation to motivating the supermarket staff | 4 | | Team | 4 | | Principles the two factor theory | 6 | | Applicability of the factors theory | 7 | | Principles of the Expectation Theory | 7 | | Validity of the Expectation Theory | 8 | | Reliability of the Expectation Theory | 8 | | Applicability of the Expectation Theory | 8 | Task 2 | Explanation of what approaches the manager could use to build cohesive, cooperative and effective teams | 8 | | Process to build cohesive, cooperative and effective teams | 10 | | Conclusion | 11 | | References and Bibliography | 12 | Introduction Motivation is the process of guiding, initiating, developing and maintaining relationship with employees in the organization that why people of the employee should give their best efforts for the achievement of organization success. Motivation is one of the most important management techniques that must be used in the Human resources that include the top management to the last level employee of the organization. So every organization tries to think how to motivate their employees and how the goal of the company should be gained. And that’s why different types of motivation theories developed by the authors that was really more successful on the practical world of the organization. Among different types of motivation two different types of theory are discussed in the below that are (Herzberg, F. et al 1959): * The Two factors theory...
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...MOTIVATION The Student’s Name The Name of the Class Professor The Name of the University The city and State where it is Located The Date MOTIVATION Motivation is the force that directs people to behave in a certain way. Motivation explains people’s desires, actions, and needs. A motive develops an inclination for a particular behavior. In an organization context motivation is defined as the use of rewards and compensation to boost employee’s morale and satisfaction (Long, 2005). This action in the end increases performance and productivity of workers. Motivation can either be intrinsic or extrinsic. Extrinsic motivation or external motivation involves the use of tangible rewards to boost employee’s performance. Tangible rewards include pay and other salary benefits. Intrinsic motivation or internal motivation involves the use of intangible rewards to increase employee’s performance. Intangible rewards include safe working conditions, promotion, job titles, incentives and good working policies (Hiam, 2003). In this paper, therefore, my objective is to discuss how culture affects Herzberg’s theory of motivation the two-factor theory. In his 1959 motivation book, Fredrick Herzberg discusses the factors that lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the workplaces. Herzberg was interested in knowing what pleases employees and what displeases them in their work environment. To conclude his study, Herzberg found that opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction...
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...from motivation. It produced a variety of theories researching people’s psychological desires; around what do they need in different levels, such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. However, this time we try to focus on two-factor theory. Employees in an organization are either satisfied or dissatisfied with their job based on whether they are motivated or not on their job. However, the kind of motivation employees get determines their output level. Thus, a high level of satisfaction could lead to high output whilst high level of dissatisfaction with the job could lead to low output. However, the opposite of job satisfaction is not dissatisfaction, but rather a simple lack of satisfaction. In the same way, the opposite of job dissatisfaction is not satisfaction, but rather “no dissatisfaction” (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, The Motivation to Work, 1959). Now, it would interest managers to know the level of employee’s satisfaction and the factor(s) causing such satisfaction/ dissatisfaction. (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, The Motivation to Work, 1959) proposed that in understanding the relevant attitude of employees, it is possible to best understand such an employee’s motivation to work. That is, if searched by managers, they should get reasonable information on motivation of workers based on the internal concept of attitude which originates from a state of mind. To explain the concept of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, Herzberg in 1959 developed a theory on job...
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...Motivation Concept Analysis Motivation in theory – Frederick Herzberg two factor theory Tomala Lewis PSY/320 6/5/2010 Angelica James Motivation Concept Analysis Motivation in theory – Frederick Herzberg two factor theory I agree with Mr. Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory 100% and without any shadow of a doubt. There is no way any small business or large company can succeed, grow and continue prosperity in the future without the two factors Herzberg theorized. The first of two factors believed by Herzberg is Hygiene factors; Hygiene factors are based on the need for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work. Hygiene factors include company policy and administration, wages, salaries, and other financial remuneration, quality of supervision, quality of inter-personal relations, working conditions, and feelings of job security. The second factor believed by Herzberg is Motivator factors. Motivator factors are based on an individual's need for personal growth. When they exist, motivator factors actively create job satisfaction. If they are effective, then they can motivate an individual to achieve above-average performance and effort. Motivator factors are status, opportunity for advancement, gaining recognition, responsibility, challenging and or stimulating work, and a sense of personal achievement & personal growth in a job. The need for a business to run efficiently...
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...In: Business and Management Motivation Concept Analysis Motivation Concept Analysis Motivation in theory – Frederick Herzberg two factor theory Tomala Lewis PSY/320 6/5/2010 Angelica James Motivation Concept Analysis Motivation in theory – Frederick Herzberg two factor theory I agree with Mr. Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory 100% and without any shadow of a doubt. There is no way any small business or large company can succeed, grow and continue prosperity in the future without the two factors Herzberg theorized. The first of two factors believed by Herzberg is Hygiene factors; Hygiene factors are based on the need for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work. Hygiene factors include company policy and administration, wages, salaries, and other financial remuneration, quality of supervision, quality of inter-personal relations, working conditions, and feelings of job security. The second factor believed by Herzberg is Motivator factors. Motivator factors are based on an individual's need for personal growth. When they exist, motivator factors actively create job satisfaction. If they are effective, then they can motivate an individual to achieve above-average performance and effort. Motivator factors are status, opportunity for advancement, gaining recognition, responsibility, challenging and or stimulating work, and a sense of...
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...MGT 501 – Employee Motivation Raeford University One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? - Summary Herzberg (2003) presented an article that discussed the concept of motivation with regards to employees. Initially the idea of direct motivation, known as KITA or “a kick in the pants” (Herzberg, p. 87) was addressed. KITA was then broken down into three forms: negative physical, negative psychological, and positive KITA. Essentially KITA was more closely equated to movement than motivation; where the receiver moved and/or reacted to the motivation placed upon them from another (Herzberg). The article then explained why KITA was not motivation. Provided were the nine different “positive KITA personnel practices that were developed as attempts to instill ‘motivation’” (Herzberg, 2003, p. 87). Herzberg then discussed his motivation-hygiene theory with the concept that “the opposite of job satisfaction is not job dissatisfaction but, rather, no job satisfaction; and similarly, the opposite of job dissatisfaction is not job satisfaction, but no job satisfaction” (Herzberg, p. 89). His theory culminated into the lists of the intrinsic motivators and extrinsic hygiene factors that satisfaction was measured by. Next, the article talked about the eternal triangle of three different personnel management philosophies. One was based on organizational theory; one based on industrial engineering and one on behavioral science (Herzberg, 2003). From these philosophies...
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...KELLOGG’S Building a better workplace through motivation Photo uploaded successfully. Roll No :500668 Password Photo uploaded successfully. Roll No :500668 Password :5006681990621 Group Report By- PARAS GUPTA JAIVARDHAN DHAWAN ARJUN NARANG RAHUL DHIR AMAN SHARMA NISHANT EUGENE CHIRAG BHATIA SUMMARY Motivation is a psychological process that activates and directs voluntary actions that are goal directed. Motivation is the inner force that guides behaviour and is concerned with the causation of specific actions. People spend a considerable part of their lives at work, and expect to be rewarded. This makes them satisfied and happy. Motivation encourages the employees to contribute more to the development of an organization despite of being variety of functions and work performed like engineering operatives in the manufacturing section, finance, marketing, sales, information technology or human resources. Kellogg has encouraged everyone to live in a positive way. The Kellogg Company which is the world’s leading producer of breakfast cereals that produces their product in 18 countries and sell them in more than 180 countries have applied the various motivational theories in their organization has gained success in satisfying their employees. Based on Taylor theory monetary reward can be great motivational factor that tends to work with narrow job confined, as it might reduce the quality and increase...
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...Topics: A. Barriers To Need Satisfaction B. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Of Motivation A. Barrier -A natural formation or structure that prevents or hinders movement or action ← What are the things that make you dissatisfied? It can be: - Personal Characteristics - Social and Interpersonal - Environmental or Situational - Perceptual/Behavioral - Financial B. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Of Motivation Frederick Herzberg, a clinical psychologist and pioneer of “job enrichment,” developed his motivation theory during his investigation of 200 accountants and engineers in the USA. ← Herzberg showed that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work almost always arose from different factors ← According to him, Man has two sets of needs: ◦ As an animal to avoid pain; and ◦ As a human being to grow psychologically Two Factor Motivational Theory ← According to this Theory People are influenced by two factors: ◦ Hygiene factors are needed to ensure an employee does not become dissatisfied. They do not lead to higher levels of motivation, but without them there is dissatisfaction. Examples of “Hygiene” Needs or Maintenance Factors ✓ The organization, its policies & administration ✓ Kind of supervision (leadership & management, including perceptions) ✓ Relationship with supervisor ✓ Work conditions (including ergonomics) ...
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...List of Contents: 1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................1 2.0 Conceptual Framework.........................................................................................2 2.1 Topic 1. Herzberg theory of employee motivation................................................2 2.1(a) Hygiene factor...................................................................................................3 2.2 (b) Motivating Factors............................................................................................4 3.1 The different types of leadership style...................................................................5 3.1 (a) Theory X (authoritative style of Leadership)....................................................5. 3.1(b) Theory Y ( participative style of Leadership)....................................................6. 3.1(c) Delegating style of leadership......................................................................... ...6 4.0 Applying the Conceptual framework to the Article................................................7 5.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................7 6.0 References................................................................................................................8 1.0 Introduction: In this Assignment of principle of organization and management we have...
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...Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective Kwasi Dartey-Baah (Corresponding Author) Department of Organisation & Human Resource Management, University of Ghana Business School P.O. Box LG78, Legon, Accra-Ghana, West Africa Telephone: 00233209621292 Email: kdartey-baah@ug.edu.gh George Kofi Amoako Department of Marketing, Central Business School P.O. Box 2305, Tema, Ghana, West Africa Telephone: 00233202620174 Email: gkamoako@central.edu.gh Abstract This paper critically examines Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the Ghanaian worker. The two-factor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfying and dissatisfying about their jobs. These factors are the hygiene factors and motivators. The hygiene factors when absent can lead to dissatisfaction in the work place but when fully catered for in the work environment on their own are not sufficient to satisfy workers whereas the motivators referring to the nature of the job, provide satisfaction and lead to higher motivation. This paper adds to the understanding of what motivates the Ghanaian worker most and creates the platform for a re-evaluation of the thinking and viewpoint that workers rate motivator factors higher than the hygiene factors in the work setting. Keywords: Frederick Herzberg, hygiene factors, motivators, employee...
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...Herzberg's Theory of Motivation The motivation of employees is important to organizations since it is one of several factors that significantly affect the productivity of employees. Raising the level of motivation increases profitability through greater creativity and commitment in employees. Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, also known as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, was derived from a study designed to test the concept that people have two sets of needs: 1. Their needs as animals to avoid pain 2. Their needs as humans to grow psychologically Herzberg's Study There are two hundred engineers and accountants in Pittsburgh were interviewed. To test the hypothesis, engineers and accountants were interviewed to assess events that led to significant changes in their job attitudes and to determine the factors that caused those changes. Herzberg's study consisted of a series of interviews that sought to elicit responses to the questions: (1) Recall a time when you felt exceptionally good about your job. Why did you feel that way about the job? Did this feeling affect your job performance in any way? Did this feeling have an impact on your personal relationships or your well- being? (2) Recall a time on the job that resulted in negative feelings? Describe the sequence of events that resulted in these negative feelings. RESEARCH RESULTS It appeared, from the research, that the things making people happy on the job and those making them unhappy had two separate...
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...Motivational Techniques Affect an Organization I. What is motivation? A. “Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors” (Cherry, 2014, para 1). 1. Motivation is what causes a human begin to act in particular way, and defines why a person does something. 2. Motivation involves biological, emotional, social and cognitive factors within a person that initiate or activate a behavior. B. There are three major components to motivation. 1. Activation, persistence, and intensity are the three major components associated within motivating an individual. II. There are two major categories involved with motivation: Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation, and the balance that lies between them, known as the overjustification effect. A. What is Intrinsic motivation? 1. Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. a. “Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious external rewards” (Coon & Mitterer, 2010, para 2). b. “Intrinsic motivation refers to the reason why we perform certain activities for inherent satisfaction or pleasure” (Brown, 2007, para 1). 2. There are many factors that have been identified as increasing intrinsic motivation. a. Challenge, curiosity, control, cooperation, competition, and recognition are all factors shown in studies that increase intrinsic motivation. 3. Ideally, a business would have employees motivated intrinsically...
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...Question-1: Using two motivation theories of your choice, explain similarities and the differences between the two theories? Answer: I will use Maslow's and Herzberg's theory of motivation. There are following similarities and differences between these models. Similarities: In a broad sense there are some similarities between Herzberg’s two-factor theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory which are as under: (i) Both Herzberg and Maslow lay stress on the different needs of the employees. Both can be appropriately classified as content theorists. (ii)In an advanced society, the lower level needs like food and shelter as pointed out by Maslow are all satisfied. As such they cease to be motivators. It is the higher level needs like esteem and self-actualization, which are more important for the purpose of motivation. Similarly, according to Herzberg, hygiene factors like pay, working conditions must be present to provide the necessary environment for motivation. Once this is done, the motivators like advancement, responsibilities go into play and actuate the individual. But it would be wrong to make much of the aforesaid over-all alikeness. Rather it would be doing injustice to the pioneers whose originality and deep insight are well recognized a staircase cannot be equated with a room although basically nearly the same materials may have been used to build both. (b) Difference: Herzberg’s model differs from Maslow’s model in respect of the following: (i) An important...
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