Chapter 8: Managing Groups and Teams
Groups – two or more people, interdependence, common goals
• Types of groups
Formal Group:
Defined by the organization’s structure with designated work assignments establishing tasks
-Command Group
A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager
-Task Group
Those working together to complete a job or task in an organization but not limited by hierarchical boundaries
Informal Group:
Appear naturally in response to the need for social contact
Deeply affect behavior and performance
- Interest Group
Members work together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned
-Friendship Group
Those brought together because they share one or more common characteristics
• Stages of groups
Forming -Members feel much uncertainty
Storming- Lots of conflict between members of the group
Norming Stage- Members have developed close relationships and cohesiveness
Performing Stage-The group is finally fully functional
Adjourning Stage- In temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than performance
• Group properties (roles, norms, status, size, and cohesion)
Role-A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit
Role Conflict-A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations

Norms-Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members
Classes of Norms
Performance norms - level of acceptable work
Appearance norms - what to wear
Social arrangement norms - friendships and the like
Allocation of resources norms - distribution and assignments of jobs and material
Group norms and Hawthorne studies
- Group influences (norms) were significant in affecting individual behavior.
-Group standards (norms) were highly effective in establishing