...According to Youth homelessness: A call for partnerships between Research and policy; homeless youths are defined as a group of adolescents/young adults, between the ages of 12 to 24, who live in shelters, on streets, couches or in abandoned buildings. According to Evas.com, an non-profit dedicated to the prevention of homelessness reported that there is an estimated 35,000-40,000 homeless youth in Canada, additionally - many youths that are homeless have not completed their highschool education. “Literacy rates in Canada are among the highest in the world, … however, for many homeless youth, staying in school is a difficult challenge. Studies find that 63% to 90% of homeless youth did not complete highschool, despite being the age to do so.”...
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...ABORIGINAL ISSUES IN CANADA Teacher Name: Bob Gregory Student Name: Juan Carlos Bernal Student Number: 057638082 Date: Monday October 15th, 2012 References: Canada (1891). Indian treaties and surrenders, from 1680 to 1890 Volume I. Ottawa: Brown Chamberlin (Queen's Printer). URL: http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/ItemRecord/91942 Centre for Social Justice URL:http://www.socialjustice.org/index.php?page=aboriginal-issues Canadian Council on Social Development URL: http://www.ccsd.ca/cpsd/ccsd/c_ab.htm Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada URL: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/ Assembly of First Nations URL: http://www.afn.ca/index.php/en The Indian Residential School Settlement URL:https://my.senecacollege.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/CAN275BA.GENH.20123/summary%20of%20court%20settlement.pdf Aboriginal Issues in Canada Many problems exists in aboriginal communities which include their living conditions, crime rates, suicide rates, lack of education and skill training, unemployment and other issues. The living conditions or quality of life for Aboriginals rank 63rd, or amongst Third World conditions. Health Canada states that as of May 2003, 12% of Aboriginal communities had to boil their drinking water and approximately 1/4 of water treatment systems on-reserve pose a high risk to human health. Almost 25% of Aboriginal water infrastructure are a high risk of contamination. House density is twice that of the general population. Nearly 1 in 4...
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...Introduction: In Canada, for many years there has been growing concern and controversy about the over-representation of Aboriginals within the Criminal Justice System, a considerable problem that has been found to be more even extreme with Aboriginals female offenders. For Aboriginal women the rates of incarceration are particularly disturbing. Aboriginal women are over-represented in the federal prison system. They represent only 4% of the women in Canada yet account for 32% of the women in federal prisons. The number of Aboriginal women federally incarcerated has increased by 151% between 1997 and 2006 (Elizabeth Fry Society, 4). Aboriginal women are not only disproportionately over-represented but also the fastest growing population sentenced to federal prisons. The over-representation is even more pronounced in terms of Aboriginal women incarceration rates: As of April 2010, Aboriginal women accounted for 32.6% of the total female offender population (SOURCE 5). This means that one out of every three women federally incarcerated is of Aboriginal descent (Correctional Service Canada, 2009/2010, at 18). Furthermore they are over-represented in the maximum security prison population, making up 45% of the maximum security federally sentenced women, 44% of the medium security population and 18% of minimum security women in 2006 (Elizabeth Fry Society, 4). The justice system has played a major role in the creation of poor social conditions in Aboriginal communities today...
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...In 2008 Canada faced an economic downturn, which resulted in a recession. Canadians had been enjoying a lucrative economy in the year’s previous and certain business sectors were thriving. In late 2007 cracks in the economy started to appear and, soon after, the recession had hit the country full bore. During this devastating time, the Canadian government developed an Economic Action Plan to counter the effects of the recession. This action plan had first been started in 2006, but was implemented during 2008 to spark the lagging economy. This was done by increasing government spending throughout the country and, specifically, in places in Canada that were suffering the most. There are many facets to the Economic Action Plan, but the overall goal was to get the economy back on track. The main elements to the action plan are jobs, growth and prosperity for Canadians. The first topic in the action plan is Connecting Canadians with Available Jobs: this portion of the action plan makes sure that Canadians find the jobs they need in order to keep working and contributing to the economy. The government of Canada has ensured this will happen through several different methods and some examples are: • Creating the Canada Job Grant • Creating and encouraging opportunities for apprentices • Providing support to groups which are underrepresented in the job market (examples: Aboriginals, newcomers, youth) • Promoting education in high demand fields • Providing scholarships for post-secondary...
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...November 1st, 2012 The majority of health issues that the Aboriginal community faces are related directly and indirectly to social, economic, cultural and political areas. Infrastructure, housing, employment, income, environmental and education are connected to the individual and community based effects of health. The health status of aboriginals in Ontario is very poor. There are a lot of health care needs for aboriginals that live in Northwest Ontario, also because the population is so high. The first nations population is the largest (958,000) Followed by the Metis (266,000) and the Inuit (51,000). Every year the population of aboriginals increases. The health status, diseases and life style of these people should be monitored and taken care of to an extent. Aboriginal population is relatively young in Ontario. The birth rate is two times the rate of the Canadian population, which is very high. Aboriginals seem to rank lower education, have higher rates of unemployment, along with higher rates of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, which can lead to needing a lot of health care. (Dr. Chandrakant P. Shah. 2005, page. 3) Some may argue that the health issues are genetic, but health means more than the absence of disease. A look at the history of colonization and the creation of the reservation system that forced removal of children to far away communities and institutions, relocation to unfamiliar lands and tortured relations caused suffering from inequality. This directly affected...
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...History reveals that many communities from different parts of world migrated and settled in Canada, this communities brought their culture and values along with them. As the time elapsed new trends were introduced for the progress of the nation but Canadian government thought that this aboriginal communities cannot accept the changes taking place in the society because of their cultural values, language and traditions. As a result of which “Canadian government developed a policy called aggressive assimilation” (http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-history-of-residential-schools-in-canada-1.702280). This policy was mainly introduced to assimilate the aboriginal communities to Canadian culture by killing their culture, language and traditions. This policy directly affected the role of women in the society. As a result of this policy even today the aboriginal communities are suffering from poverty, addiction, alcoholism, violence activities and many other social issues which is becoming a barrier in the progress of nation in correct means. The first reason that led to all other issues was that the role of women was affected in the society because of the residential schools, born because of the “aggressive assimilation” policy implemented by the government. On June 11, 2008 Beverley Jacobs the president of Native Women’s Association of Canada relating the present situation and the situation before residential schools says that “Prior to the residential schools and prior to colonization...
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...People are living longer thanks to medical achievements, economic well-being and no more war. So would society be better if life spans were increased? It is believed that increase of human lifespan would have implications for social security benefits, medical care, housing, economy, etc. This essay will look at the pros and cons of a longer lifespan in relation to family and workplace. First, I will write about the advantage and disadvantage of increased longevity with regard to family. On the plus side, people could have more quality time to enjoy life with loved one. Many people spend most of their lifespan working and spend less time for family. If human lifespan could be increased, people can enjoy family’s activities, such as taking care of grandchildren, doing housework. More importantly, elderly people not only share experiences and skills with young people ,but also see young generations grow up. I used to read an article about Georgia woman, Georgia woman Besse Cooper, the world’s oldest ,Cooper had four children with her husband, Luther, and now has 12 grandchildren and more than a dozen great-grandchildren and great-great grandchildren (‘World’s oldest woman celebrates her sweet 116th birthday’, 2012 August). I think she has a great life. However, when many generations live together, there may be a lot of disagreements, irritating situations happen. Because young people and elderly people often have differences in thought, so it is hard for young children to follow...
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...The Long-Term Labor Market Consequences of Graduating from College in a Bad Economy* Lisa B. Kahn Yale School of Management First Draft: March, 2003 Current Draft: August 13, 2009 Abstract This paper studies the labor market experiences of white male college graduates as a function of economic conditions at time of college graduation. I use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth whose respondents graduated from college between 1979 and 1989. I estimate the e¤ects of both national and state economic conditions at time of college graduation on labor market outcomes for the …rst two decades of a career. Because timing and location of college graduation could potentially be a¤ected by economic conditions, I also instrument for the college unemployment rate using year of birth (state of residence at an early age for the state analysis). I …nd large, negative wage e¤ects to graduating in a worse economy which persist for the entire period studied. I also …nd that cohorts who graduate in worse national economies are in lower level occupations, have slightly higher tenure and higher educational attainment, I am grateful for helpful comments from George Baker, Dan Benjamin, James Heckman, Caroline Hoxby, Larry Katz, Kevin Lang, Fabian Lange, Steve Levitt, Derek Neal, Chris Nosko, Emily Oster, Yona Rubenstein, Hugo Sonnenschein, Mike Waldman and seminar participants at Harvard University, the University of Chicago, Yale University, and the Midwest Economic Association 2003...
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...cultural practices and spiritual beliefs. More than one million people in Canada identify themselves as an Aboriginal person, according to the 2006 Census.” (Indigenous Nationhood) Although many Aboriginal peoples in Canada identify as being Aboriginal, many Aboriginal peoples struggle to maintain or gain a sense of cultural identity due to the Canadian Governments assimilation policies. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the Indian Act, the Canadian Residential School System, and the Sixties Scoop assimilated Aboriginal peoples into a European way of life, by attempting to integrate them into society by abolishing their Aboriginal identities. This assimilation process impacted Aboriginal peoples in negative ways throughout the generations socially, culturally, and economically. The negative impacts within child welfare system, educational institutions, and the socio-economic status of Aboriginal peoples today, prove assimilation and the total integration of Aboriginal peoples within mainstream society is unacceptable. Decolonization techniques should be applied within those areas in order combat the long lasting effects of assimilation by colonization. Decolonization will also help enable Aboriginal peoples to regain a cultural identity. The 1876 Indian Act was created as a way to control and assimilate Aboriginal peoples. “The Indian Act, by itself, was simply a tool used by the Government of Canada to exercise near-total control over First Nations people.” (Coates, 2008...
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...Labour Market Trends in Sweden and Canada 1.0 Introduction Employment law and labour market data form the basis for policy, procedure, and organizational structure. Federal and provincial legislatures create such policies and their influence trickle down to have a dramatic impact on human resource management. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the most relevant Canadian and Swedish employment standards legislation and labour market data and in so doing, compare and contrast legislation in order to objectively examine the two countries. Canada and Sweden can be compared and contrasted in significant ways. Specifically, a review of labour law and labour market trends, including labour force demographics, minimum wage standards, parental leave, vacation time and hours of work is worthy of consideration as to determine the implication on human resource management. 2.0 Sweden and Canada Labour Program Expenditure Defined It is important to first establish background information of each country. Sweden’s labour standards and policies fall under the responsibility of the Ministry of Employment. The responsibilities are considered to be part of the welfare system which includes unemployment benefits, activation benefits, employment services, employment programs, and job development opportunities (Smucker, Axel Van, Michael & Anthony, 1998). Sweden, historically known as a welfare state, has traditionally been characterized by a high level of social protection based on...
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...Paper Series Education, Training and Youth Unemployment in Kenya Joy Kiiru, Eldah Onsomu and Fredrick Wamalwa Working Paper No. 26 October 2009 About GDN The Global Development Network (GDN) is a leading International Organization of developing and transition country researchers and policy and research institutes promoting the generation, sharing, and application to policy of multidisciplinary knowledge for the purpose of development. Founded in 1999, GDN is now headquartered in New Delhi, with offices in Cairo and Washington DC. This Working Paper has been prepared within the GDN’s Global Research Project Institutional Capacity Strengthening of African Public Policy Institutes to Support Inclusive Growth and the MDGs. The project has been fully funded by the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Bureau for Development Policy (BDP) and Regional Bureau for Africa (RBA). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. © GDN, 2009 2 Education, Training and Youth Unemployment in Kenya Joy Kiiru, Eldah Onsomu and Fredrick Wamalwa 1 Abstract Young people in Kenya constitute 30% of total population while youth unemployment constitutes 78% of total unemployment. In nearly all developing countries the rate of urban unemployment in the 15-24 age group is at least double the rate of all other age groups. These high rates of urban unemployment in this age bracket are also seen in developed countries, although the rates are far lower than those of developing...
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...is a correlation between education, living standards (education, health…) and the type of country. How has the level of education changed the world in recent years? Today, education is still inaccessible right for millions of children worldwide. Over-age children attend 72 million primary school do not attend school and more than 759 million adults are illiterate and do not have the knowledge to improve their lives and those of their children. 1 Analyse of the data Enrolment rate in primary school in 2006 and 2013 (percentage) 2006 2013 Brazil 95 95 Canada 100 100 Côte d'Ivoire 62 62 France 99 99 Germany 96 100 Guinea 51 76 Hungary 89 97 India 84 99 Niger 40 64 South Africa 87 90 United States 92 93 Total n= 11 11 Average 81.36 88.64 Median 89 95 MAX 100 100 MIN 40 62 Range 60 38 We can infer that in general the enrolment rate in primary school increased between 2006 and 2013 because on average it rose from 81.36% to 88.64% which is positive. However, we can see that there is a large gap between the maximum value and the minimum value in 2006, 60%. This one nevertheless reduced to 38% in 2013. We use the median to measure the central tendency, here we can see that in...
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...Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a form of the cannabis plant. In 1923, marijuana was added to the Confidential Restricted List as a prohibited drug in Canada. However, many Canadians believe that marijuana should be legalized because it can play a significant role in the medical industry. However, others hold the opposite attitude toward Marijuana legalization. This serious controversy has lasted for many decades. Canada’s neighbor, the U.S. government, has forbidden this drug since the early 1900s. However, this implementation didn’t produce a satisfactory result. (National Prevention Strategy, 2011) Marijuana should be legalized in Canada because its advantages outweigh the disadvantages. These advantages are likely to promote the Canadian economy, eliminate social issues and benefit the health of its residents. In terms of the economy, legalizing marijuana could conduct not only negative effects, but also positive effects. In the past decade, underground trade of marijuana has caused harm to Canada’s income. Werner Antweiler, the UBC professor, believes that the marijuana market is sizable. (2013) In B.C., the estimates show that Canadians consume at least 3 billion dollars in marijuana products annually. (Barmak, 2013) Other data from The International Journal of Drug Policy indicate that the retail value of marijuana consumption in B.C is between $443 million and $564 million. In addition, further estimates point out that marijuana legalization is likely to help the...
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...decedents of Palestinians that sought refuge during the Arab-Israeli war in the late 1940’s * Large population growth, due to an extremely high fertility rate of about 5 children per woman and a current median age about 18 years * Religious distribution is about 99.3% Sunni Muslim and 0.7% Christian Economic & Social Situation: * After the Hamas group won elections in 2006 (seen as a terrorist group by the US, Canada, and the European Union) all funds to the Palestinian government have been frozen by these countries * The strip has been shut out from Israel, with the only goods being allowed in being of humanitarian nature * Because of the Israeli withdrawal the GDP of the Strip greatly declined * In 2010 Israel eased its closure to the strip, thus allowing some economic growth * Major infrastructure improvements have been occurring since 2010, with unemployment falling and demand for workers exceeding supply * There are many radical political and militant groups within the strip, with extreme acts occurring to both Israeli and Egyptian cities * Literacy (over 15 years of age and can read and write) is 95.3% * UN runs many of the schools in the Gaza, very overpopulated classrooms, and very scary outlook with such a high rate of population growth and limited space * Youth unemployment currently around 39% * Living conditions within the Gaza Strip are very very poor * Most of the Gaza Strip admin funding comes from outside...
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...The Nation of Canada would come to know many great leaders within the nineteenth and twentieth century. One of these people would be Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Laurier would be an arbiter to Canada's history. Serving as Prime Minister from 1896 to 1911; a well respected leader and a man of honor. A man, confident within his country stated the following on January 18, 1904 “Canada has been modest in its history, although its history, in my estimation, is only commencing. It is commencing in this century. The nineteenth century was the century of the United States. I think we can claim that Canada will fill the twentieth century.” (Suzuki) Many Canadians would come to believe this and feel secure and prideful of their country. However, this statement would be proven wrong by the harsh unforgiving way the Aboriginal peoples were treated.Canada would not belong to the Twentieth century due to how the Government's treatment of first nations people, through the title of Status Indian, Reserves and Residential Schools. The Indian Act was put in place in the late nineteenth century as a means to calm down the First Nations people violent response to western settlers. (Coyler 176) The indian act would give the title of Status indian to certain people who met certain qualifications such as having Aboriginal ancestry or being an Aboriginal. This act would neglect the Aboriginal peoples to certain rights and freedoms, as well as eventually turning into a title of humiliation and prejudice....
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