...A Caucasian man with Hip Pain The management of pain can be tricky as sometimes-healthcare professions struggle between objective pain and associating the subjective pain which is what the patient says, “It is.” Understanding the Pathophysiology of pain and the cause of acute pain that lead to chronic pain is an essential aspect of managing pain. The nociceptive pain pathway is series of neurons that detect noxious stimuli that end up with pain; however, the pathway starts at the peripheral to the spinal cord and the brain (Stahl 2013). Knowing the pain pathway will help the PMHNP to understand the use of certain psychological drugs for the manage pain like Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for depression (Mehalick et al. 2016). According to the case study, the patient suffered from right hip pain that has been going...
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...Hip Pain Bio -201 360 Case Study 03/03/2016 Higus Mekonen Community College of Aurora Bill Case summery Bill is suffering with hip and shoulder pain. His doctor assessment showed that Bills thigh bone has avascular necrosis, and his doctor is curious to know if bill had a trauma in the past. However, Bill was forgetting about the incident he had in the scuba diving. Bill had sever bends some months a ago, and this problem is caused Bill’s bone tissue to die because lack of blood supply flowing to the bone tissue. The characteristic of...
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...Introduction: Total hip replacements (THR) happen for a multitude of reasons. Patient’s requiring a THR are in pain within the hip joint from a specific cause. For example, a THR could be done to relieve arthritis pain, repair a break in the bone, or repair the joint from a traumatic injury or disease. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint, made up of the head of the femur (ball) which moves within the acetabulum (socket) in the pelvis (Hasan & Akbar). Functionally, this joint allows movement of the lower body in relation to the trunk in a circumduction motion. At the time of the repair, usually patient’s have decreased function of that lower extremity because of pain. The joint itself does not have nerve endings, but bone does....
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...Case Study hip Fracture NSG/340 Case Study Risk Factors for Hip Fracture Age, sex (women>men), osteoporosis, poor nutrition (decreased in calcium & Vitamin D), smoking, medications (such as cortisone), limited or very little physical activities or brittle bone area all risk factors. Risk Factors for Hip Fracture related to S.P. *Age/Sex (women>men), *smoking, *medication (prednisone), *limited activity. Post-surgical anticoagulation S.P. is receiving Lovenox and Coumadin as thromboprophylaxis, a common practice after surgeries. Lovenox is used to prevent clot formation and will be an injection form, while Coumadin is taken orally, interferes with the synthesis of vitamin K clotting factor. In addition, it is recommended because of increase with coagulation factor. Anticoagulation is continued for approximately 30 days. INR is measured with the use of Coumadin with a goal of 2-3. A (arthroplasty) versus O (open reduction and internal fixation) A is also known as total hip replacement. O is metal pins, screws, rods and plates are used to immobilize the fracture. A is replacement of the entire hip joint with a prosthetic (artificial) joint system. Intraoperative blood salvage a. The blood that is lost from surgery is immediately re-administered to the patient. b. The blood lost from surgery is collected into a cell saver. c. The salvaged blood must be reinfused within 6 hours of collection. Postoperative problems Dislocation of the hip, infection...
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...started to have pain in his right hip and he had no idea where that came from? He thought he would get better after few days, but he did not. He went to see the doctor and he got prescribed an analgesic and some muscle relaxant for pain relief. Unfortunately, his pain was getting worse and worse day by day. So, again he went to see the doctor to follow up on that. His clinician has done a more detail test at this time. They did some lab work and x-ray and he was diagnosed of avascular necrosis. Based on their conversation Bill did not remember he had any injured or trauma in the past. In x-ray results shows the changes...
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...However, Boland, Satterlee, & Jansen (2014) suggest that in the case of low-level falls with hip injury in the elderly, this criterion should be eliminated. The purpose of the study was as follows: “because the elderly are at increased risk of hip fracture from low-level falls, and are also particularly susceptible to the discomfort and morbidity associated with immobilization, the prevalence of cervical spine (c-spine) fracture in this patient population was examined” (Boland, Satterlee & Jansen). After evaluating 1,394 patients, the study concluded that c-spine fracture is extremely rare in elderly patients who sustain a hip fracture that results from a low-level fall. When c-spine injury does occur, it appears to be in conjunction with other known predictors of spinal injury besides the distracting injury (Boland, Satterlee & Jansen). Because the elderly population is more susceptible to isolated hip injuries, and also to the discomfort of full spinal immobilization, this type of trauma should be specifically considered in the development of spinal clearance...
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...situation of excessive joint inflammation a s is the case with rheumatoid arthritis. This disease is asymptomatic, especially in the early years of its development. As the disease progresses, the pain, stiffness and also a limitation of movement may develop and grow to something that will become serious with time. The common sites where discomfort is experienced around the vertebrae area, the hips and the knees, or is simple terms, joints that bear much of the weight of the body. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but biomechanical forces that usually place stress on joints are thought to interact with biochemical and genetic factors that contribute to osteoarthritis. In the early stages of the disorder, there is roughening and softening of the cartilage, and eventually, they wear away. The bone is deprived of its protective cover and it regenerates the destroyed tissue. The action results to an even remodeling of the surface of the surface of the joint. Thick bony outgrowths that are known as spurs develop sometimes. Articulation of the joint becomes difficult. Treatment modalities There is evident that is bodily and that can be taken as an effective cure for osteoarthritis. This is devil’s claw. This is a pain relieving and anti inflammatory method, that...
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...Nursing 106 Spring 2016 Maternal Child Case Study All questions apply to this case study. You may type or clearly write this assignment. It must be legible. Responses to questions must be in your own words. Scenario M.H. is a three year old boy with cerebral palsy (CP) who has been admitted to your unit preoperatively. He will have surgery for a femoral osteotomy and tendon lengthening to stabilize hip joints and to help reduce spasticity. You are orienting the parents to the unit and have a nursing student assisting you. 1. After getting the family settled, you return to the nursing station, and the nursing student asks you to explain CP and what might have caused cerebral palsy. How would you answer the student’s question? 2. The nursing student asks what the family might have noticed that would indicate CP in M.H. when he was a baby. Which of these findings will you include in your discussion with student? (Select all that apply and state rationale) a. Head lag at 5 months b. Able to sit unassisted at 7 months c. Positive Moro (startle) reflex at 2 months d. Leg scissoring e. Right hand preference at 12 months f. Use of pincher grasp at 9 months g. Increased irritability Case Study Progress You and the nursing student finish a health history with the family and determine that M.H. has impaired vision (wears glasses), speech impairment, seizure disorder, and has had poor weight gain and feeding issues since birth....
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...central value of nursing. As stated by Tutton, E., & Seers, K. (2003), An exploration of the concept of comfort, comfort is defined as a state, linked to outcomes such as ease, well-being and satisfaction. The steps used to perform this concept analysis on comfort come from the Walker and Avant’s steps of concept analysis. These steps are as follows: 1) select a concept; 2) determine the purposes of the analysis; 3) identify all uses of the concept; 4) define attributes; 5) identify a model case of the concept; 6) identify consequences of the concept; and 7) define empirical references of the concept (Walker & Avant, 2010). Each one of these steps will be discussed throughout this paper along with providing why comfort is necessary to providing comfort in different ways. Purpose of Concept Analysis Comfort is a meaningful need during a person’s life span that should be seen as an essential part of holistic nursing care. A concept analysis is recommended to provide a framework for studies to come. The aim of this concept analysis is to clarify what comfort is and explain the attributes that are utilized in nursing practice. “If your discipline is going to progress as a science, you must define your central terms precisely so you can understand each other and develop ways to conduct research...
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...1 ) Rabies Rabies is a viral disease causing inflammation of the brain ( encephalitis ). The virus is a member of the family Rhaboviridae. Worldwide, several variants of the virus have been identified, each associated with a single wild animal host that acts as a reservoir of infection for a particular geographic area. Although all warm -blooded vertebrates are susceptible, only mammals are important in the spread of rabies. In British Columbia, bats are the only reservoir of rabies. Records of bats submitted for rabies testing suggest that relatively few are infected, even among those submitted because they are behaving abnormally. Bats are valuable components of the natural ecosystem and many species are at risk in British Columbia. Other potential hosts of British Columbia include domestic dogs/cats, foxes, raccoons, skunks, wolves and coyotes. " Spill over " of rabies to terrestial mammals from bats has occurred in British Columbia, but rabies has never been maintained in wild populations of terrestrial mammals. Rabies should be suspected in any wild animal exhibiting any behavior considered " abnormal" including ; loss of fear or unusual friendliness, excitation or aggression, depression, incoordination, paralysis, convulsions or seizures, abnormal vocalizations, appearance of nocturnal creatures during the day, signs of choking or inability to drink or swallow food, drooling of saliva or frothing at the mouth. In Carnivores, evidence of having...
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...Introduction In this case Plaintiff seeks a ruling (1) vacating the Secretary’s findings determining the onset date of plaintiff’s claim for disability: (2) establishing June 8, 1983 as the onset date of plaintiff’s clam, and/or (3) in the alternative, remanding this matter to the Secretary for a new determination of the date of onset of plaintiff’s disability based on the entire medical record, under title XVI of the Social Security Act. Plaintiff believes that substantial evidence in the record as a whole supports a finding of disability prior to August 6, 1984 and that she is thus entitled to summary judgment in her favor. II. Summary of Plaintiff’s Claim Plaintiff is a forty-four year old woman who, prior to 1981, has worked continuously for the past twenty years, fifteen of those years as a typist and word processor and the last ten years operating her own typesetting and secretarial service. Her...
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...Rest to spine for at least 6-12 weeks. • Use of hard bed. • In severe cases- traction is applied to leg or pelvis, provided there is no cord compression. • Regain mobility gradually. • Restrict jerky movements. • Avoid- forward bending, lifting weight. • Reduce weight if obese. Homeopathy Treatment & Homeopathic Remedies for Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (Slipped Disc) Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines are selected after a full individualizing examination and case-analysis, which includes the medical history of the patient, physical and mental constitution etc. A miasmatic tendency (predisposition/susceptibility) is also often taken into account for the treatment of chronic conditions. The medicines given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each medicine may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications are also taken into account for selecting a remedy. To study any of the following remedies in more detail, please visit our Materia Medica section. None of these medicines should be taken without professional advice. Homeopathic Remedies Bryonia Contractive, cramp-like pain all over the back. Shootings in the loins and in the back. Painful stiffness...
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...eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3. Circulating hormone...
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...women worldwide. This is due to the fact that women have a lower bone density than men and that they lose bone mass far quicker as they age thus leading to osteoporosis. Statistics shows that women between the ages of 23 and 77 lose a third of their hip bone density. Having a larger body frame is indeed advantageous since it equates to having large bones to support the mass hence greater bone density. Age as well plays a role a condition that contributes to osteoporosis. The older one gets, the greater the risk of osteoporosis since one's bones start losing mass. Research has indeed shown that race or ethnicities are risk factors for osteoporosis. Asian and Caucasian women are likely to have this condition as compared to the others (NIH, 2014). The argument lies in the fact that most Asian women do have a smaller frame having a lesser bone density. In the same manner, one’s family history determines if they will develop this particular condition. Osteoporosis is hereditary in that if a family member had this condition; the odds that you will have the same problem are high. Dietary issues are also known to contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Having a diet with low vitamin D and calcium makes one prone to bone deficiency. Studies have shown that low estrogen levels normally brought about by menopause or missing menstrual periods can as well cause osteoporosis in women (NIH, 2014). The same principles of low testosterone level in men do cause osteoporosis. Eating disorders...
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...There is a world that one can get lost in when it comes to learning about theses things. Some diseases have been around for years while others are still being studied with new ones occurring today in the modern world. Along with these diseases it is important to study and understand what causes them, what signs to look for, what species to look for them in, how to treat them, and how to prevent them from happening, IF you can even prevent them. Some diseases and conditions have vaccines to help with prevention and some do not, while some diseases are zoonotic meaning that they can be transmitted from animal to human. While there are hundreds upon hundreds of diseases to be looked at, the ten researched below are the ones once prevalent among the veterinary technicians job in the clinic; Hip Dysplasia and Ethylene Glycol poisoning in dogs, Hyperthyroidism and Rabies in cats, Strangles and Equine Recurrent Uveitits in Horses, Cryptosporidium and Fasciola Hepatica in Ruminants and Swine, Idiopathic Epilepsy in Aviaries, and Lymphoma in Ferrets. Hip Dysplasia in dogs is a congenial condition caused by a femur that does not fit correctly into the pelvic socket, or poorly developed muscles in the pelvic area. The causes of hip dysplasia are considered heritable, but new research conclusively suggests that environment also plays a role. Although to what degree is caused by genetics versus what portion is caused by environmental factors are a topic of debate....
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