...were a famer, or if you were a recent immigrant living in America in the 1920’s you did not share, generally speaking, in that so-called 1920s prosperity. 7. From the onset of the American industrial revolution in the early nineteenth century right down to the 1930s, the American economy was essentially on a roller coaster ride, where they’d have these periodic boom and bust cycles-depressions in the 1830s, the 1850s, the 1870s, the 1890s; right after World War I was another one-on a scale that we have not seen for the last half century. 8. Insofar as there is a consensus, it seems to be that the First World War so destabilized the major industrial economies and so disrupted the international system of trade and finance that it left in its wake a highly vulnerable system that finally succumbed a decade after the war’s conclusion, in 1929 or 1930, to all the liabilities that had been put into it, you might say, as a result of the...
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...Introduction India is amongst the ancient civilizations with rich historical legacies and cultural traditions. It shares a border with seven countries namely; Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This denotes the diversity it has within its mainstream culture and subcultures, in terms of language, religion, ethnicity and mindset. It is a nation of extensive inconsistencies, with its emergence in the global market as opposed to its restricted economy of labour, capital and knowledge. However these inconsistencies are caused by the contradictory national and managerial mindset goes on to the confidence Indians have in their abilities and future. Bever et al (2005) found, in a study by McKinskey Quaterly, that Indian managers tend to be more optimistic as compared to the others, whereas in reality, it has been seen in only a few industries and corporations. The reason for these inconsistencies could be due to the history and culture behind the management styles. For instance, they are shaped by family dominance, rigid bureaucracy in government structures, and absence of professionalism in managers. Some areas that need attention are ethical indecency, labour laws and human resource management that should be attended. Also of equal consideration is the protectionist culture inspired by socialist economics, which was formed after independence in 1947, when the government-bred regulations fenced the influx of foreign opposition. It created inefficiencies and...
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... Both open access system (public land, sea fishing) and common property along with private property system prevail in India. It means open access property can be converted into private, common or public property by legislating to define rights and enforce them. Claims of the state also get powerful in the area of maintenance of natural resources like forests, irrigation water, land and dams. India had extensive irrigation networks, which require regular maintenance. And there is no private party, which can be held responsible for the maintenance. So it is imperative on the part of the state to play the role of provider. Governments also have constitutional and legal authority in the specific field of natural resource management and may, therefore, be legally obliged to intervene in cases of conflict. In most cases, the state remains one of the claimants to contested resources. Next, many unclear and discriminatory policies have been put in place, i.e., tenure systems for land and other resources that either reflect historical inequities in wealth and political power or have been recently modified to encourage large-scale industrial houses and capital investment. In the process, interests of small-scale and marginalized farmers are widely ignored. As a result, these people are drawn in disputes over resources that they have traditionally used or managed, but to which they have no legal claim. Such situations frequently arise as a direct result of government interventions intended...
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...ITALY COUNTRY BRIEFING updated at May 2009 Forecast May 26th 2009 From the Economist Intelligence Unit Source: Country Forecast | | | | Outlook for 2009-10 • Italy's right-of-centre coalition government, led by Silvio Berlusconi, faces a major challenge to limit the impact of the global crisis on Italy's rapidly deteriorating economy and keep its fragile public finances under control. • Government cohesion will be hindered by divisions in the ruling coalition, but the Economist Intelligence Unit expects it to remain in office. Mr Berlusconi has a comfortable parliamentary majority and the centre-left is in disarray. • GDP contracted by 1% in 2008. Our baseline forecast is that it will contract by a further 4.6% in 2009 and by 0.6% in 2010. • The fiscal deficit is forecast to rise from 2.7% of GDP in 2008 to 5-5.5% of GDP in 2009-10. The public debt/GDP ratio is expected to be about 120% by the end of 2010, up from 105.8% in 2008. • Much larger deficits cannot be ruled out as our forecast assumes that the minister of the economy, Giulio Tremonti, will resist pressure for tax cuts to boost the economy and interest rates do not rise sharply. • Inflation (EU harmonised measure) will average 0.6% in 2009 and 0.9% in 2010, well down on 3.5% in 2008, reflecting weak demand and lower commodity prices. Monthly review •...
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...It is very common for businesses and franchises to want to expand overseas to explore new market in different countries. Although this sounds good and beneficial, it comes with many difficulties and risks. It is guaranteed that in an organisations lifetime they will come across the decision to expand their business overseas to either make more money or just to expand business. All businesses that seek to do this will come across risks that they are going to have to take for it to work and be a benefit to them. It all depends on what type of business it is that seeks expansion. As stated earlier there are many risks that involve international expansion. A common problem that small businesses run into when they dabble with setting up international relationships, for example, is that they sometimes don’t really know who they’re dealing with. No matter where you go to, unless it an English speaking country, the language barrier is always going to be a problem. Even if you are able to access a translator to help it will still be hard to fully connect with other countries in terms of business. Another risk is not being familiar or accustom with their culture practises and etiquette. A big thing with expanding overseas is knowing where you are going and what they are like in that country because if you don’t you could run into trouble because some of the thing that are normal to people in their home countries can be an offence in other countries.one thing that ties in with that risk...
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...one influenced the other. Under closer examination, while many comparisons can be made, many profound contrasts can be distinguished. This essay will review main occurrences in these two historical events, focusing on the comparisons and contrasts of factors such as causes, goals, and outcomes of both the American and French Revolutions. Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were born of dire economic conditions. While this similarity is true, each country had their own separate financial issues that led to each respective rebellion. The roots of the American Revolution stemmed from the taxation upon the Colonists by the monarchy of the British. Taxes were not something that citizens of the new world were unfamiliar to, but the issue was more vested in just reasoning behind the increased taxes on the Colonies, this idea birthed a familiar phrase of the revolution, “taxation without representation”. The French Revolution, while also derived from unjust taxation, was more predicated on the division of social classes, known as the Feudal system. This system separated the population into three classes, or “estates”, where ninety-eight percent were classified, under nobility and clergy. The first and second estates paid no taxes but spent all...
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...this essay is to evaluate and discuss how economists Adam Smith and Karl Marx contributed to current management practices and, more specifically, how they influenced the field of economics. Through critical analysis, we will explore the theories of Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Adam Smith’s contributions, from division of labor and the shift from a mercantile society to a capitalistic one as proposed in his “Wealth of nations report,” will be critically evaluated as to determine both their relevance today and the influence that they have had. Similarly, Karl Marx’s theories that helped to develop the economy in its most prosperous time will be critically evaluated to determine their influence and relevancy today. Although very distant in their theories and time, both men have played key roles in the development of economics, while in turn influencing current management practices. Both men were able to change and introduce new philosophies while reacting to the circumstances of their times, while creating legacies through their works that are still relevant in today’s vastly different circumstances and society. Adam Smith Scottish economist Adam Smith, born in 1723, is responsible for the initial development of economics in the eighteenth century and provided the framework for how we approach economic issues today. Smith was an “advocate for a free market society where international trade through both imports and exports were at a premium” (IEP, 2014). Smith was able “to radically...
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...Read by an announcer in Detroit. Fisher's message included: " The Lincoln Highway Association has accomplished its primary purpose, that of providing an object lesson to show the possibility in highway transportation and the importance of a unified, safe, and economical system of roads. ... Now I believe the country is at the beginning of another new era in highway building (that will) create a system of roads far beyond the dreams of the Lincoln Highway founders. I hope this anniversary observance makes millions of people realize how vital roads are to our national welfare, to economic programs, and to our national defense... " Fisher died about a year after the 25th Anniversary of the Lincoln Highway, in 1940, having lost most of his...
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...Both the nations despite having convergence of interests on various bilateral, regional and international issues and immense potentials in cooperation have never availed opportunities. In fact both, Pakistan and Russia had viewed each other through the prism of other states and with wrong perceptions. The changing international environment and internal and regional political dynamics of both the states have now provided another chance their elites to revisit their bilateral relations and lay down a foundation for a prosperous future. SECTION-1 INTRODUCTION Background 1. On 26 December 1991 the world witnessed the collapse of the first and the largest communist country - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). This most historic event of the 21st century marked the end of Cold War and emergence of fifteen independent states. Ever since the Soviet flag lowered from Kremlin, the Russian with their tricolour flag are in search of their identity and new role in the world politics. The academia and policymaking machinery of the country has been indicating various...
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...INTRODUCTION Canada’s Criminal Justice System (CJS) is no way perfect and often argued to criminalize certain groups within society. Specifically, Aboriginal women as offenders in corrections have faced many difficulties. They often are sentenced younger, more often and for longer sentences than non-Aboriginal offenders. The over incarceration, over representation and criminalization of Aboriginal women within the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is attributable to a legacy of colonialism and sexism which placed them at a vulnerable place within society. Canada’s public policy post WWII regarding, social welfare, education and the labour market, exhibit how colonialism and sexism have created unfavorable cultural and socio-economic conditions for Aboriginal women, which make them more susceptible to be victims/survivors of violence, poverty and behaviours or circumstances in conflict with the law. As a result of these conditions, Aboriginal women are more likely to meet deplorable conditions while in prison, and the laws do not seem to accommodate Aboriginal methods of rehabilitation, restitution and justice. In order to understand the plight of Aboriginal women within the CJS, the issue will be approached from a feminist perspective. Further, the evidence will be sourced from secondary sources, mainly text and government reports. First a landscape of Canada’s colonial past’s impact on Aboriginal women; starting post WWII will be advanced. This will demonstrate the links...
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...------------------------------------------------- RECREATIONAL AND SUSTAINABLE RIVERFRONT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN WANGAG RIVER FOR GONZAGA CAGAYAN IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMET TO THE REQUIREMENTS IN THESIS RESEARCH Submitted to: ------------------------------------------------- Instructor ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Submitted by: Carlo Niel F. Ordillo Ar 511, First Semester, SY-2014-15 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION The Municipality of Gonzaga has a beautiful spot which is the famous “Wanagag River” the cleanest river in the region 2 and a consistent finalist in the National search for the cleanest inland body of waters, they decided to develop the area to promote it locally and nationally because of it site potential. The municipality of Gonzaga is a 1st class income municipality with a population of 36, 303 and have a total land area of 56, 743 has. and has IRA (Internal Revenue Allotment) of 89, 654, 247 pesos. In accordance with the MPDC (Municipal Planning Department Council) of Gonzaga, designate the area as “General Urban Area” and “Leisure Area” with a “Major Open Space” designation applying to the Wangag River and a “Natural Features” applying to two large woodlots, in short a riverfront/waterfront community development. Water is one of the most important of all the natural resources necessary to ensure human health and civilization. In general, a waterfront...
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...intelligent, dependable, caring and principled man. He was also the 35th president of the United States. He not only concentrated on foreign relations, domestic policies, and his main focus, civil rights, but he was a role model to many politicians and private citizens. On November 22, 1963, an assassin cut Kennedy’s life short, but his legacy and his influence lived on. John F. Kennedy influenced the sixties through his actions, his politics, and the legacy left after his death. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, to a European Ambassador, Joseph Kennedy and his wife, Rose. He had eight brothers and sisters, including his brothers Robert and Ted, who both grew up to take part in politics. As a child, John, commonly known as Jack, was often ill. He suffered from Addison’s disease, which causes the body’s immune system to weaken, and he had an injured back, resulting in two, near lethal, surgeries. Despite all his ailments, Jack was a kindhearted child and “Rose described him as a ‘funny little boy’ who ‘said things in such an original, vivid way’” (Hamilton 2). He attended Harvard University, where he studied government. In 1941, John Kennedy joined the United States Navy, and by 1943, he had a torpedo boat, PT 109, under his command. Months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Kennedy’s boat was struck by a Japanese bomber and instantly sunk. Ten out of the twelve sailors survived, and hung on to the ship debris while floating in the Blackett Strait of...
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...the changes in the way men think. Richardson pushes the idea of the initial struggle constituting a Revolution whereas others such as Hill believe that the long-term effects are more significant. Both arguments both valid against differing definitions of Revolution. Similarities between the French and English Revolutions will also provide a stark comparison of the English situation as well as a comparison with the events in the rest of Europe, why would event’s in England constitute a Revolution if similar events occurred abroad. Ultimately what we understand to be a ‘Revolution’ today is what Jeff Goodwin states is that “Revolutions entail not only mass mobilisation and regime change, but also more or less rapid fundamental social, economic and/or cultural change,...
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...at around 100 plants and facilities worldwide.[1] Also in 2007, Ford received more initial quality survey awards from J. D. Power and Associates than any other automaker. Five of Ford's vehicles ranked at the top of their categories[4] and fourteen vehicles ranked in the top three.[5] Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's methods came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914. During the mid to late 1990s, Ford sold large numbers of vehicles, in a booming American economy with soaring stock market and low fuel prices. With the dawn of the new century, legacy healthcare costs, higher fuel prices, and a faltering economy led to falling market...
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...do you agree that Mussolini’s economic policy in the years 1922-39 was a complete failure? Having come to power in 1922, an immediate concern for Benito Mussolini was the current state of the Italian economy, specifically its obvious inability to support military expansion and move into a state of total war, with the aim of creating and developing an Italian Empire, which was Mussolini’s chief aspiration. Furthermore, the weak economy maintained and strengthened the north-south divide, due to its negative effects being focused on the poorer south, while some northern industrialists benefited from the increased focus on production. Therefore, in order to counter the depression and prepare the Italian economy for conflict, Mussolini employed several policies, in order to stimulate the financial system and cut public spending, specifically increasing production and revitalising the Lira. As well as revaluating the inflated currency, these policies included boosting food production and converting to self-sufficiency, or autarky, all the while promoting nationalism and strengthening commitment to the regime. Whether these were a success is debatable, while Italy did convert to total war in 1939, the consequences were far reaching and crippling. Therefore a deep, detailed analysis, of Mussolini’s policies, their aims and effects, is necessary in order to gauge to what degree, if any, his economic policies failed. An example of Mussolini’s economic policy would be the sharp revaluation...
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