...webs.bcp.org Early Modern Empires (1500-1800) Introduction Before we learn about the unlikely and apparently rapid rise of The West during the 19th and 20th centuries, it’s important to understand the powerful empires of the early modern world between 1500 and 1800. Some readers may be surprised to learn about the wealth, thriving global trade, and dominant manufacturing production in Asia that held sway until at least the end of the 18th century. Throughout much of this era, Europe was, in contrast to Asia, an unimpressive backwater of small countries and kingdoms. But Europe’s “discovery” of the Americas and an ocean route to Asia, just before the year 1500, changed all that. The West gradually worked its way into the global economy and planted the seeds for its imperial rise and eventual dominance over most of the modern world. After 1500, world regions—such as West Africa, East Asia, and South America—fused together into one global trade system. For the first time in history, each region of the world now interacted with the others. For example, enslaved African labor was used in South American plantations to sell cheap sugar to Europe. Silver from Mexico bought loans for Spain, and that same silver ended up in China to buy silk or porcelain for Europeans. And so on. A new global system emerged, forged of uneven relationships, in which a small part of the world, Europe, successfully exploited the world’s human and natural resources to its advantage. This was Globalization...
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...Sasha Cosenco HST 1150: World Civilization Since 1500 Annika A. Culver, Ph.D. May 15, 2011 History of White Potato The po·ta·to /pəˈtātō/ (1) an erect herb (solanum tuberosum) that has compound pinnate leaves, white, yellow, blue, or purple flowers, and green, yellowish, or purplish berries, is native to the highlands of Southern and Central America, and is widely cultivated especially in the temperature regions as a garden vegetable. (2) The edible starchy tuber that is an enlargement of an underground stem of this plant is called the Irish potato or white potato.1 The potato originated in the South American Andes, but its heartland of wild genetic diversity reaches from Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile across the Pampa and Chaco regions of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil and northward into Central America, Mexico, and the southwestern United States.2 The greatest diversity in wild potato spices occurs in the Lake Titicaca region of Peru and Bolivia, where the potato probably was domesticated between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago.3 Exactly when such plants were first cultivated is uncertain: perhaps as early as 3000 B.C.E. and almost certainly before 2000 B.C.E.4 Sixteen-century Spanish explorers, who first observed the potato in Peru, Bolivia, Columbia, and Ecuador, compared the unfamiliar tuber food to truffles and adopted the Quechua name, papa.5 It first reached Spain probably around 1570.6 From there, the potato spread...
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...Native American History Michael Smith Eth/125 02/09/2014 Regena Weatherford The history of the Native American in the United States has not been an easy road to travel. Since man first came to this country, most of them have tried to control some portion of their lives. They had their land taken away from them, were lied to from political figures, and even people trying to control their religions. According to Schaefer (2012), approximately 2,500,000 Native Americans and Alaskan natives lived in the United States in 2010. This is down from an estimated 10,000,000 in 1500. History will show the Native Americans as one of the most discriminated races in the United States. It would seem that everybody who came into contact with Native Americans wanted something from them. Although the reduction in numbers may have been accidental, in 1500 they fell victim to diseases brought by the Europeans. This was just the beginning of their hardship with new people coming to their land. They have suffered famine, disease, forcible relocation, and war. War between their own tribes, and wars with outsiders. Though most of their reduction in numbers came from diseases introduced by foreigners. Once people began to settle in the west, the government became involved, and it was clear that they held the needs of the white man before the needs of the natives. A slew of political treaties were enacted to control the tribes, and make...
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...Native Americans living in the present-day United States are made up of many different distinct tribes and ethicize many of who have survive as intact political communities. Native American throughout history has had an impact on each aspect of the United States history and growth. The experiences that this group of Americans has be blight in their eyes or prosperous in others view. In their eyes they have seen, genocide, slavery, and robbery of their people from Europeans that found this native land. From the beginning when Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492. He made several trips to and from Europe and Hispaniola. By the time European settlers had started to arrive around 1500-1600, all the Native Americans living in the east of the Mississippi River part of the United States had been killed off by introducing them to new diseases from decades of exploration of European countries. Since around the end of the 1500s, the European travelers that migrated to America led to hundreds of years of adjustment and fighting Native Americans and American Colonies. As settlers started to expand west; Pilgrims and settlers began to come into disagreements with the Plains, Basin and Western Tribes. They carried out resistance against American way of life for many years after the Civil War. Indian Wars was vast in numbers until the 1900 but it still continued into throughout the 20th century. After some time more the government pushed a set of treaties and land allotments...
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...Babylonian epic poem arises from stories in the Sumerian language. Although the Sumerian stories are older (probably dating to at least 2100 B.C.), it was probably composed around 1900 BC. The epic deals with themes of heroism, friendship, loss, and the quest for eternal life. Different historical periods are reflected in literature. National and tribal sagas, accounts of the origin of the world and of customs, and myths which sometimes carry moral or spiritual messages predominate in the preurban eras. The epics of Homer, dating from the early to middle Iron age, and the great Indian epics of a slightly later period, have more evidence of deliberate literary authorship, surviving like the older myths through oral tradition for long periods before being written down. As a more urban culture developed, academies provided a means of transmission for speculative and philosophical literature in early civilizations, resulting in the prevalence of literature in Ancient China, Ancient India, Persia and Ancient Greece and Rome. Many works of earlier periods, even in narrative form, had a covert moral or didactic purpose, such as the Sanskrit Panchatantra or the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Drama and satire also developed as urban culture provided a larger public audience, and later readership, for literary production. Lyric poetry (as opposed to epic poetry) was often the speciality of courts and aristocratic circles, particularly in East Asia where songs were collected by the Chinese aristocracy...
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...do. We believe that the American frontier is this grand historical past of our growth as a nation. However, the country we know today as the United States of America was originally inhabited by natives such as the Native Americans, or Indians as they are commonly known as, and Mexicans who were robbed of their homeland in order for the white man to take over control. As citizens of this country, it is important to know how the natives were treated and portrayed in literature in order to become educated about our country and the people that inhabited this land before us. Being ignorant about a particular culture leads to misguided feelings and judgments that are not normally acceptable. By looking at examples from John Smith’s The Chesapeake Indians, Mary Rowlandson’s A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, and Frederick Jackson Turner’s The Significance of the Frontier in American History, we will see that natives were portrayed negatively in popular literature and why it is important to understand how they are represented is justified by the colonial expansion of the American frontier. In early literature written by English settlers, Native Americans were portrayed with very negative connotations. The writers often used words such as: brutal, dark, uncivilized, and savage to depict the native people and their actions. This is because the English settlers believed that they were inferior to the natives and assumed that they were without religion...
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...Studies today is very different than it what was years ago. I remember when I was back in elementary school it was a subject that I did not look forward to having. It could have been because I just did not find it interesting or because the teacher did not make it interesting enough. Before it was all taught by textbooks and students would find it to be a very boring subject but now in the modern world with the use of different technology Social Studies has become a subject that many students enjoy. When learning Social Studies students are actually able to feel as if they are there at that particular time in history. Looking at the Arizona Social Studies Standards and interviewing a Social Studies teacher is has become clear to me that this is an entailed subject and can now understand and appreciate how it has improved over the years. In looking at the Arizona standards it is evident that there is a large amount of material to be cover in such a short time period. In the elementary schools the subject periods are only 45 minutes long. American History is covered in the first five strands as well as other concepts such as early civilization Pre 1500, exploration and colonization, revolution and the Civil War reconstruction and many others. Within each concept there are multiple objectives which are broken down into specific activities like creating charts or timelines. The second strand consists of such topics as World History, research skills, early civilization, the revolution...
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...La Malinche, otherwise known as Dona Maria, Malinalli, Malintzan. In the 1500s series of new trading techniques were established. Triangle Trade between the West Indies, Africa, and Europe was introduced. The Columbian Exchange, which was the exchange of plants, animals, diseases and technology with Europe and Native America, was also introduced. Several explorers, were very famous at the time, as they played an important role in the history of Latin America. The social classes at the time was ranked as peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, and native americans, and black slaves. La Malinche established a life for herself in a strict hierarchy through the background information on her life, her being a rule follower, and the global trends of the 1500’s affecting her....
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...Comparison Paper What is history? Why do we need to study history? When I first started this assignment, I wondered why we needed to describe the history of public health and include pertinent dates and significant events. Being a good student, I did what I was told. While doing the research I realized that history is what shapes us. We not only learn from our successes, but our failures too. History has transformed us into what we are and why we do the things that we do. The History of Public Health According to the “Southeast Public Health Training Center” (2012), “Leviticus is believed to be the first written health code in the world” (para. 1). The book of Leviticus was written around 1500 B.C. and dealt with such issues as personal and community responsibilities, hygiene, sexual behavior, and protection against infectious diseases (“Southeast Public Health Training Center,” 2012). I found this very interesting since here we are thousands of years later still dealing with basically the same issues. The middle ages (500 to 1500 A.D.) marked a time when sickness was thought to be a consequence of sin. Bloodletting and alchemy were prevalent during this time. The biggest mistake of this era was their failure to believe that the environment could be the culprit, thus leading to epidemics such as the bubonic plague which resurfaced in Europe during 1348. Two-thirds of the population died within two years before scientists and religious figures discovered the...
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...Country. It is a developing economy. It started out as a mixed economy. However, Post 1991, India has been moving towards capitalism with gushing force. Liberalization and globalisation opened Indian economy. Opening up sectors for foreign direct investment (FDI) has attracted great investment and employment opportunities. Liberalizing FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) norms has helped in easy availability of capital. There has been an easy availability of loans. Our GDP growth reached 9 per cent. The real estate market is blooming. Our industrialists bag awards for the wealthiest persons in Asia and world. We are growing into the fastest economies of the world. But does this achievement take into account Gandhi’s talisman? Even after 60 years of independence we are unable to address the problems of poverty, education, housing, food, sanitation, etc. According to reliable economic sources, over 250 million people in India lives below the poverty line, over 300 million people are illiterate, there is a demand of millions of houses but most of it is not satisfied, almost 80 per cent of population in Mumbai lives in one bedroom-cum-drawing room house, over 25 per cent of our country’s population does not get clean water and proper sanitation. Most of the rural areas, which comprise almost 70 per cent population of India and include over 6.5 Lac villages, are under developed. The growth that we observe around us is lopsided, helping rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer....
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...empire best period was called Spain’s Golden Age. This occurred approximately between 1516 and 16591, although historians frequently list various time spans. Spain’s monarchs in this period claimed God had chosen them to rule over all decisions. Generally they ignored the country’s constitution that could limit their power. Other governing bodies existed, but the king had the final say.2 The empire controlled lands in areas of north and south central Europe from the Netherlands to the islands at the tip of Italy. They controlled colonies in many parts of America including Peru, Central America, various islands and Mexico.3 Eventually, they took over Portugal and its African and Asian colonies along with their trade routes.2 One kings just before the decline, Charles V, had the title of Holy Roman Emperor.4 Spain had little internal means to produce income. The general population took a light view of seeking to build wealth, but joining a monastery was very popular.5 In1609, Philip III expelled most of their productive workers because they followed the wrong religion. The textile industry failed because of outside competition. The self-indulgent habits of the aristocracy took so much income from peasants that many peasants could not continue to operate.5 Spain was also hurt by frequent bad...
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...Andres Lugo Professor William Hendricks March 17, 2015 World Civilizations II Domination of resources The European powers that were in much need for resources during the 1500s through 1800s were Great Britain, France and Germany. During 1500 and 1800 Africa seemed like an impossible feat to conquer because of malaria but this wouldn’t stop the persistence of the leaders of France and Great Britain. The idea of exploring and conquering new land meant more to these leaders because of the motivation to keep their national security strong and keep their economy stronger. These countries would use their remaining resources to look for more disposable ones so that their empires could grow considerably. Great Britain would be dug in the south and spread out through Africa, while the French would have most of the North and West of Africa, but Germany would just conquer a handful of countries before going into the 20th century (263 DBQ). These countries would soon become opponents in one of the greatest territory conquest in the world’s history. Resources is the main point in all three of these powers because Great Britain looked at the world as control, the thought of ruling land to them meant more power. A very important reason these powers would fight for this piece of land is because of the potential wealth it holds but also because the countries would see it that the Africans needed help. Turning the conquerors into saviors and that is always a good feeling when possibly...
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...[pic] DISTANCE EDUCATION Faculty of Management Multimedia University COURSEWORK BOOKLET TRIMESTER 2, ACADEMIC YEAR 2009/2010 SUBJECT: MALAYSIAN STUDIES SUBJECT CODE: MPW 2133 INSTRUCTIONS TO THE STUDENTS 1. Please read this Coursework Booklet thoroughly. 2. The Instructions are stated in detail in this booklet and must be observed. Late assignments will be penalized. The ‘water-marked’ date on the envelope of the assignment send in by students will be taken as the date of posting. 3. The course-schedule is included in here. You are to follow the course outline stated in this Coursework Booklet. DISTANCE EDUCATION TRIM 2, 2009/2010 (8 STUDY WEEKS) 1. About the instructor ➢ Name: Afizal @ Mohd Afizal B Mohd Aris ➢ Qualification: Master of Malaysia Studies (Government and Politics), University of Malaya ➢ Room No: R 3045, FCM Building ➢ Contact No.: 03-8312 5774 ➢ Email Address: afizal@mmu.edu.my ➢ Consultation Hours: via email 2. Course Overview 1. An introductory study of the earliest history until the formation of Federation of Malaysia. 2. A discussion on the system and structure on the country’s administration and constitution 3. A synopsis on the Malaysian Government premier policies in terms of development, social, and politics and its commitment towards the region and international level. 3. Course Objective The objective...
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...BRAND WELCOME TO GROUP MEMBERS ANJU NIXON PAUL LAYANA ANTONY RAMEEZ BELJOHN SEBASTIAN THOMAS HISTORY OF WATCHES 1485-Leonardo-da-vinci sketches a fuse for a clock. 1500’s-Germeny-Peter Henlein creates the first pocket watch. Early 1600’s-Forms watches became popular. 1735-watch makers began using enamel on the dials. 1820-Thomas prest registers a patent for self winding watch. 1914-Eterna introduces the first wrist watch with an alarm. 1929-First anti magnetic watch created by Tissot. 1999-Casio innovates with the first wrist watch with a built in global Positioning system. Before wrist watches become popular in the 1920’s, most watches were pocket watches, which often had covers and were carried in a pocket and attached to a watch chain or watch fob. Indian watch Industry began in the year 1961 by HMT (Hindustan machine tools ltd). INDIAN WATCH INDUSTRY @ GLANCE The first Watch model manufactured by HMT was JANATA Model. HMT was the leader in the market till TITAN Came. Indian Watch Buyers are very price sensitive. The major barrier to the entry to Indian watch market is to build a brand image and price competitively. SEGMENTATION OF WATCH INDUSTRY SEGMENTATION BASED ON PRICE OF WATCH Mass (Rs.350-600), INDUSTRY Popular (Rs.600-900), Premium (Rs.900-1500), Super-premium (Rs.1500-8000) Connoisseur segments (above Rs.8000) BASED ON USER CATEGORY SEGMENTATION (Cont…) Men’s watches Women’s watches Youth...
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...The Colonial Brazil is called historical period ranging from the arrival of the first Europeans in 1500, until independence in 1822. In this period, Brazil was under the political domination of Portugal. The Portuguese colonization of America began motivated by economic and strategic reasons. On the one hand because of the economic decline of profits in the trade with the East and the commercial possibilities Brazil tree, the bark of which produced a red dye used for dyeing textiles. And among the strategic reasons, the main one was fighting Spanish or French ambitions in this area. Eventually, France and Holland won some strategic regions such as the island of Sao Luis, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Recife, and part of the states of Pernambuco , Paraíba and Alagoas. In 1530, the Portuguese crown expelled the French who surrounded the coast of Brazil , as were lands belonging to Portugal since 1500. In 1533, King of Portugal, Joao III divided the territory of Brazil in 13 stripes or captaincies , 150 miles wide each, what influenced the privacy of Portuguese colonization . These captaincies were distributed or granted to Portuguese nobles hereditary for life... The nobles who received them committed to evangelize the natives, settlers recruit and develop economically the captaincy. The territory to be established in Brazil was deeply marked by slavery in the era of European colonization. The boundaries between Spain and Portugal were established in 1492 shortly after Spain...
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