...true FISP and 3d FLASH sequences was 15 ml/lt. Ten patients underwent conventional enteroclysis with 1.5 lt of 20% barium sulfate enema and 22.5 ml of gadolinium. MR Enteroclysis was performed afterwards using true FISP, fat suppressed 3d FLASH and fat suppressed HASTE sequences. In all patients the proposed contrast medium acted as positive in 3d FLASH (T1w), true FISP (T2/T1 w) and as a negative in HASTE (T2w). In conclusion, a 20% barium sulfate enema with 15 ml/lt gadolinium is appropriate for conventional and MR Enteroclysis studies. Keywords: MRI, contrast medium, gadolinium, Crohn's disease, Enteroclysis Text Introduction Fast and ultrafast sequences, high performance gradient coils and dedicated abdominal phased array coils resulted in significant improvement in MR Imaging of the small bowel (SB). Resent reports indicated that MRI may be clinically useful for anatomic demonstration, identification and characterization of SB abnormalities, providing information from the bowel lumen - wall and the mesenteries (1-8). However, there is no consensus on the optimum sequences that should be used for SB imaging or on the appropriate contrast media for lumen opacification. In the present study different gadolinium concentrations within a 20%...
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...They participated in the Vienna City Marathon and MRI was taken place after 6-8 weeks. They were evaluated before in order to determine if there was a pre-existing condition. However, if a participant had any pre-existing condition they were still accepted to be a part of the research study. The participants were male and the age ranged from 27- 46 years old. They also had a long history of running at least 5 to 20 years. Before the competition started there were three runners that presented normal lateral menisci. There was eight grade I lesions; four grade II and three grade III lesions. “One participant who underwent resection of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus 15 years previously and presented with a graded IIIB lesion of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus in the other knee. After running there was no signal alteration that graded differently from the initial findings”. The MRI scans of those participants that were healthy before the race with no previous muscle injuries, after the marathon the MRI scans proved that no negative long-term-effects were experienced. In contrast, those that previously had high-grade lesions of the menisci, after the marathon might be at risk of greater injury of the knee, like osteoarthritis. W. Krampla, R. Mayrhofer, J. Malcher, K.H.Kristen, M.Urban, W.Hruby. MR imaging of the knee in marathon Runners before and after compeition. March 2001, volume 30, issue, pp...
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...WELCOME HELIODISPLAY DILIP LAZAR EC-7A R.NO-17 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION REAR PROJECTION WORKING HELIOCAST INTERACTIVITY MODELS FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS PRICING FOG SCREEN PERSPECTA ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION INTERACTIVE PLANAR DISPLAY DEVELOPED BY CHAD DYNER PRODUCED & MARKETED BY IO2 TECHNOLOGIES REAR PROJECTION In-camera special effects technique in film production Widely used for many years in driving scenes TECHNIQUE Actors stand in front of a screen A projector positioned behind the screen casts a reversed image of the background A major advance over rear projection is FRONT PROJECTION Examples James Cameron - Aliens Austin Powers film series WORKING Projects images onto a screen of microscopic particles. Microdroplets 1-10 microns in diameter. Optical tracking system for monitoring hand movements. WORKING contnd System creates a dynamic, non-solid particle cloud by ejecting atomized condensate A heliodisplay runs on particles present in the air Particles in the air are converted into nearly atom-sized particles, and are re-emitted upward Held together by surface tension and form a cloud Changing the molecular properties-qualities of the image, like brightness and sharpness, can also be changed HELIOCAST INTERACTIVITY When the Heliodisplay is connected to a PC using a standard USB cable, and with the supplied IO2 Heliocast software installed, you can use your...
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...Phase Contrast Microscopy Phase Contrast Microscopy, first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike, is a contrast-enhancing optical technique that can be utilized to produce high-contrast images of transparent specimens, such as living cells (usually in culture), microorganisms, thin tissue slices, lithographic patterns, fibers, latex dispersions, glass fragments, and subcellular particles (including nuclei and other organelles). In effect, the phase contrast technique employs an optical mechanism to translate minute variations in phase into corresponding changes in amplitude, which can be visualized as differences in image contrast. One of the major advantages of phase contrast microscopy is that living cells can be examined in their natural state without previously being killed, fixed, and stained. As a result, the dynamics of ongoing biological processes can be observed and recorded in high contrast with sharp clarity of minute specimen detail. The phase-plate increases the phase difference to half a wavelength. Destructive interference between the two sorts of light when the image is projected results in the specimen appearing as a dark object. The phase contrast microscope uses the fact that the light passing through a transparent part of the specimen travels slower and, due to this is shifted compared to the uninfluenced light. This difference in phase is not visible to the human eye. However, the change in phase can be increased to half a wavelength by a transparent...
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...Analyse the way in which history and memory generate compelling and unexpected insights. – Jake Cronin The interaction between history and memory is a complex and dialectic process through which perceptions of the past are negotiated, reinforced or challenged. Despite official history’s dependency on validating its claims through documented evidence, it must be acknowledged that it is not objective and remains vulnerable to distortion of those with political power or hegemony. Similarly, the subjective nature of memory allows for official history to be vulnerable to the bias of personal experience and differing perspectives. Furthermore, although official history and subjective memory both provide adequate insights into the past, it is through the consideration and combination of the two that compelling and unexpected insights into the past are generated. Paul Keating’s ‘The Redfern Address’ offers a reasonable challenge to the dominant historical narrative surrounding the European colonisation of Australia and their acts of social injustice in regards to Indigenous Australians. Similarly, Shaun Tan’s ‘Memorial’ explores Australia’s wartime history through the medium of a community’s personal experiences, perspectives and memories converging to form history, and illuminates the way in which history is dictated by those with political power. Through the dialectic interplay of history and meaning, compelling and unanticipated comprehensions of the past are generated and are...
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...Reflection Paper Your name Institutional Affiliations History has been in existence since the formation of the earth and existence of mankind. The life and form of human beings have evolved over the years. While all human beings have same origin historically, evolution and development of human life and their living conditions led to inequality among different groups of people and different parts of the world. As a result, there are many pieces of literature including books, journals, among others, which explain different historical events (Diamond, 1999). However, some historical books or articles do not address historical issues fully especially historical factors that led to high development in some areas while leaving others highly underdeveloped. However, Guns, germs and steel: The fates of human societies, a book written by Jared diamond is totally different and unique historical book in contrast to other historical books. This is because in his book Gun, germs and steel: The fates of human societies, Jared examined all historical events that happened in the last 13,000 years. However, unlike other historical books, Jared applied different methods and materials including scientific ones so as to ensure that he covers all necessary information and that every reader understands him properly. Another unique feature of this book is that unlike others, which focus on specific place, people or event, this book is focused on...
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...MODULE C – History and Memory Sample 1 How has your understanding of events, personalities or situations been shaped by their representations in the texts you have studied. Refer to your prescribed text and at least TWO other related texts of your own choosing. History can be defined as “the methodical record of public events” where memory is defined as “the faculty by which events are recalled or kept in mind”. Thus history and memory interrelate as history can be seen as the contextual justification for memory. “The Fiftieth Gate” is a poignant interweaving of history and memory. The text follows protagonist, Mark Baker an historian, son of Holocaust survivors Genia and Yossl (Joe), on an historical journey through memory, to uncover the origins of his past and act as a catalyst for future generations to also connect with their history. Mark Baker’s journey through history and memory is also executed through his conventional ideas that memory is biased and less valid than history. There are numerous references to the discrepancies between the personal memories of his parents and the documented history Mark as an historian believes. In this way it is apparent that Mark is on a quest for verification, “my facts from the past are different”. This displays the flaw Mark traditionally notes in memory and his need for historical evidence. As responders accompany Mark on his journey, they also encounter the complexity of simultaneously being a son and an historian. This...
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...frustrated important engagement with materiality in discourses of space. This article demonstrates how materiality has been underestimated both by an easygoing vocabulary and an energetic epistemological comprehensive quality from researchers, and how the spatial turn has been too nearly connected to the social turn to permit it to build up its fullest illustrative potential. It exhibits how history specialists may gainfully hypothesize the noteworthiness of spot and space in their work acquiring methods from geographers and anthropologists, and alluding to the phenomenological custom, and sets out a few difficulties for utilizing space all the more adequately as a part of informative frameworks. Enlivened by ecological history, human science, and science and innovation studies, I propose a method for creating space as not the same as customary verifiable treatment of materiality, and end by distinguishing some methodological issues that need to be comprehended on the off chance that we are to continue on a surer balance The "spatial turn" has had a colossal impact on scholastic history in the course of the last couple of decades. Beginning with rough quantitative pointers, the surge of articles, compilations, and insightful trades hints at no subsiding. Scarcely a month passes without a...
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...and one other related text of your own choosing represent history and memory in unique and evocative ways. The interplay of history and memory combine to provide greater insight into events. Through the manipulation of textual forms and features, Mark Bakerʼs hybrid text “The Fiftieth Gate” expands and humanizes oneʼs understanding of the Holocaust in unique and evocative ways. A unique feature of the text is clever fusion between personal accounts and documented history using mediums such as, interviews, official documents, poetry and song. This enhances the stories of the authorʼs parents, Yossl and Genia, whilst evocatively capturing the atrocities of the Holocaust. The relationship between history and memory is further explored in Kevin Ruddʼs “Sorry apology to Stolen Generations”. Bakerʼs “The Fiftieth Gate” suggests that memory humanises historical events, juxtaposed by the emotionless discourse of history in unique and evocative ways. Baker provides insight into the historical events associated with the Holocaust,emphasising number of deaths that occurred during the genocide. In Gate 26, Baker explores the deaths Geniaʼs parents witnessed in the lines, “Among 1380 people, one family survived by chance. They were Leo Krochmal and his wife Rosa who witnessed the shooting,” The impersonal tone and simple language in the lines underscores the straightforward and detached nature of history. In contrast, the recount of Genia hiding from Germans in Gate 6 is markedly...
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...() from other countries. Therefore in terms of America’s identity historically, politically, economically and socially, these should be understood differently because America was created differently. Hence why the idea of American exceptionalism’ stems from the principle of America being unique. Furthermore, In addition to this the idea that “American exceptionalism” implies superiority is a key concept to embrace and identify through out America history, contemporary politics, foreign policy and social culture. However, due to the essay title I will be analyzing and examining to what extent is “American exceptionalism’ identified as U.S superiority. Although due to the wide context of the theoretical term ‘American exceptionalism’’ and word limit. I will focus on the significant impacts that has led to the idea of ‘American exceptionalism’ to be implied as U.S superiority such as American history, foreign policy, economic and social culture. History Explaination The significant impact of America’s revolutionary history sparked an inspirational movement of independency to pervious colonized nations although on a later stages for them. This highlights America as exceptional historically in being “the first new nation” () to become independent and also being the ideology for independency for previous colonies nations. To an extent on this note “American exceptionalism” in terms of it’s revolutionary independency can be amplified as a model to other nations than...
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...This essay will review Peter Boag’s Re-Dressing America’s Frontier Past (2011). This book highlights the missing histories of cross-dressers all across the American frontier, and gives readers a look into the lives of such individuals and how they were regarded and treated in society. Consequently, this paper will discuss the geographic and chronological scope of the book, and analyze the extent of the history of cross dressing practices and how they challenged heteronormative culture and myths about the Western frontier. Lastly, this essay will critically assess the effectiveness of sources used by the author and how they contribute to his arguments. The geographic and chronological scope of the book focuses on the era between 1850 to 1920,...
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...settings? Mr. Kitts used several strategies to engage his students. He made them do time wheels about the information they read with their partner. The students enjoyed doing the time wheels, and got help from their partner. Also, the students shared their time wheels with the class, which is something most elementary students like to do. Students were able to retain information and use knowledge in new settings because they were able to compare the past with the present. Also, students got to hear the information over and over by listening to all their classmates share their time wheels. 3. How did this lesson build on students' sense of history? Mr. Kitts read two books to the class. One book was about present times, and the second book was about farming in the past. The students were able to compare and contrast the two books. Also, the students are familiar with farming because they live on reservations, therefore it made it easier for students to understand and relate to the information about historical change. 4. What did Mr. Kitts do to make the concepts in this lesson easier for students to understand? How did he assess students' understanding? Mr. Kitts did several things to make the concepts in...
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...All history is historiography, and none of it is objective. All history is historiography, and none of it is objective. History is not just what really happened in the past, but a complex intersection of truths, bias and hopes. History encompasses at least three different ways of accessing the past: it can be remembered, recovered or even invented. All are imperfect in some way. No historian or historical source reveals the full and unvarnished truth, so memory is a imperfect guide. Sometimes the significance of recovered data is hard to determine. Furthermore, many rumored "histories" can be shown to have been invented; at the same time, however, these fabrications still tell us much about a society's beliefs and dreams. In reality, the best histories are the best stories. History is anything but an endeavor that should be consigned to some dusty shelf on the top floor of a library nobody ever visits. It's, ironically, the most modern, most relevant, most incendiary discipline there is, to judge by nothing more than the number of car bombings, shootings and other atrocities committed in the name of warring pasts. Edward Said’s “Orientalism” has reverberated in each of the disciplines that collectively constitute Middle East Studies, including history. The book had positive effects. It forced us to take seriously the reality of the power relations produced and reinforced by British and French colonialism, and to detect the way in which those power relations...
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...In the time period of 1963 in Birmingham Alabama there was a lot of discrimination towards blacks from the whites. One main event that happened during that time was the blacks tried getting the same rights as the whites. Differing from the book the author didn’t talk about how the blacks got treated differently with discrimination and segregation. The book didn’t mention really anything about whites the author really based the book off of a black family. On the contrary another historical event is that in Birmingham the population of the blacks was 135,113 people and for the whites it was 205,620 people. Having there be more whites in Birmingham then blacks it was easier for the whites to get what they wanted. In contrast the book didn’t talk about the population of the blacks and whites, or how the whites can do whatever they wanted to the blacks. In fact the book didn't really mention anything about how the blacks would get treated or anything about whites in general. A third historical event that happened in Birmingham was that there was a bombing at the 16th Baptist church on September 15, 1963. The bombers were two white men bombing a church for blacks. In addition the book did talk about how this really happened. Yet the author didn’t go into full detail about what happened. The last historical event was that there was four...
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...The Trailing Ghost: Examining Paul Cohen’s Three Keys the Historian’s Craft “History is simultaneously there and not there, real and illusory-a ghost forever trailing behind which vanishes when we turn around.” This is the daunting challenge that historian’s face when attempting to accurately elucidate the past. In Paul Cohen’s book History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth he examines China’s nineteenth century Boxer Rebellions through three historical lenses in an effort to both show both the benefits and potential pitfalls of the tools available to a historian in practicing his craft. He contends that reconstruction, experience, and myth are all necessary when studying history; that one of these keys should not be favors to the exclusion of others. The first key or lens that Cohen examines is that of historical reconstruction or studying an event in itself. Cohen attempts to traverse the academic “No Man’s Land” in the hotly contested conflict between historians that contend “there is a fundamental difference between history and reality” due to the narrative nature of history in contrast to the chaos of reality and those others that assert that “narrative is/an essential part of the past reality historians seek to elucidate.” In other words, Cohen argues that narrative and realism both have an equal place in the study of history. Though he champions many of the methods of historical reconstruction, Cohen also warns against the pitfall of “[assuming]...
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