...China's beliefs are so different to those in the United states. One example is the cultural desire for a male child. There are various reasons why families in China might favor a male over a female. In rural provinces, the family's living situations depend on its family members. As a result, a family with a son would be at a significant advantage over one with a daughter. Traditionally, it is the son's responsibility to care for his parents as they age. A daughter would be expected to be the caregiver for her husband's parents, rather than her own. Due to these ways of living, the Chinese believe that it is crucial to have a son, for their livelihood and a way of social security for their aging parents. Even though China has taken steps to change these belief systems, in the past few years, many families, especially those in rural areas are still firmly favoring a male child. This situation is even more complex because of China's one-child policy which forbids families from having multiple children. As a result of the policy, there are many children who are available to be adopted, which...
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...The one-child policy is the one-child limitation in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempt from the policy. Also exempt from this law are foreigners living in China. This policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the...
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...111356 Class: 2ITMC-02 Date: 05/16/2013 Lecturer: Jeroen Hol Table of contents Introduction 3 What is One-Child policy? 3 Positive impact of One-Child policy 4 Negative impacts of One-Child policy 4 Ageing problem 4 Sex ration imbalance 5 Human rights violation 6 Little Emperor behavior and Heavy Burden 6 Conclusion 7 Reference: 8 Appendix: 9 Introduction Today, China is comforted the largest country in the world. The population of China is 1,354,040,000, which is confirmed by Chinese government in January 2013. China as the most populous country in the world has formulated a great national policy for population for population controlling, which is called One-Child policy, in 1970s last century. This great population policy has made big efforts on controlling Chinese population. Undoubtedly, One-Child policy has made historical contribution on the development of China in 34 years. Although Chinese One-Child policy controls the population growth effectively and contributes to Chinese economic development at the initial periods of implementing this policy, the One-Child policy still generates more and more negative impacts on current development in China. What is One-Child policy? During the administration of Chairman Mao Zedong, the crude birth rate decreased from 37 to 20 per thousand (Appendix, figure 1), infant mortality rate reduced sharply from 200 per thousand...
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...Google in China’s World Lauri Mak Ottawa University October 19, 2012 Abstract This paper will discuss Google, one of the largest internet search engines decision to enter the China internet market and the deviation against their very own corporate ethics policies. It will identify the key stakeholders involved and will look at the primary non-marketing issues and analysis each issue. Introduction In 1996 Larry Page and Sergey Brin began developing a search engine called BackRub while enrolled at Stanford University. In 1998 the company was renamed Google Incorporated and launched their search engine from a garage in Santa Margarita California. First held as a private company, they went public in August of 2004. Google grew extremely quickly by taking their single language website and adding different products including but not limited to the development of various forms of advertising and web applications from a variety of different tasks as found on the company website http://Google.com. Google.com quickly grew to be the most popular search engine in the world. “Their technology used an algorithm to find possible Web pages with search criteria provided by the user. Google’s PageRanktm technology measures the importance of different Web pages by solving an equation with more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms.” (Martin, 2011) Google’s decision to enter the Chinese market was based on greed and increased market share rather than their company’s highly publicized...
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...1950s these machines were used by doctors to identify masses in the human body such as tumors (Barfee.net, 2011). General Electric designs their ultrasound machines with the women’s body in mind, to be with her every step of the way from pre to post pregnancy (GE, 2011). This company is taking strides to ensure that all women are being looked after with the best technological advancements possible (GE, 2011). They have developed portable ultrasound systems which help to provide medical capabilities to all those in need at any location imaginable. In China the easy accessibility of GE’s ultra sound machines has become more of a negative effect than a positive one. Since the pass of China’s One-Child Policy, many women wanted only male babies. The Chinese government did not create the One-Child policy to ensure that only boys were being born, in fact they are discouraging families to think that raising sons are better than raising girls (Schorn, 2009). The government did require that the females to get ultra sounds to ensure that they were using birthcontrol or other sterlizations to help control the population and...
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...People Nationality: Noun and adjective--Chinese (singular and plural). Population (July 2011 est.): 1,336,718,015. Population growth rate (2011 est.): 0.593%. Health (2010 est.): Infant mortality rate--16.06 deaths/1,000 live births. Life expectancy--74.68 years (overall); 72.68 years for males, 76.94 years for females. Ethnic groups (2000 census): Han Chinese 91.5%; Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uighur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other nationalities 8.5%. Religions (2002 est.): Officially atheist; Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian, Muslim. Language: Official--Mandarin (Putonghua); there also are many local dialects. Education: Years compulsory--9. Literacy--92.2%. Total labor force (2010 est.): 780 million. Labor force by occupation (2008 est.): Primary (agriculture)--297.08 million, 38.1%; secondary (industrial)--216.84 million, 27.8%; tertiary (services)--266.03 million, 34.1%. Government Type: Communist party-led state. Constitution: December 4, 1982; revised several times, most recently in 2004. Independence: Unification under the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty 221 BC; Qing (Ch'ing or Manchu) Dynasty replaced by a republic on February 12, 1912; People's Republic established October 1, 1949. Branches: Executive--president, vice president, State Council, premier. Legislative--unicameral National People's Congress. Judicial--Supreme People's Court, Local People's Courts, Special People's Courts. Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (the...
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...1 Introduction China as the country with largest population in the world alongside by the fact that that is also second biggest economy in the world is considered in last years as one of the most interesting market in the world to enter. Aim of this paper is describe Chinese wine market and answer the research question “Is it China still attractive from the wine market perspective and what has been changed since wine became present in Chinese supermarkets?” In 2001 China’s wine production sales revenues, profits and taxes exceed those of spirits for the 1st time. Comparing the periods 2002- 2006 with 2007-2011 wine import grew ten times in value and four times in the volume. Despite of long history of grape wine in China, this country is usually...
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...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA: ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS Georgine K. Fogel, Lawrence Technological University ABSTRACT China is an emerging economy that offers lot of market opportunities for foreign investment. Although the country has a huge potential for economic growth offering access to a large market and considerable savings in labor costs, caution must be used due to differences in the political and cultural environment that create risk and pose uncertainty for foreign investors. This paper examines the economic, political, and cultural factors that influence business practices in China. INTRODUCTION After more than a quarter century of reform and opening to the outside world, by 2005 China’s economy had become the second largest in the world after the United States when measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis (World Bank, 2009). The Chinese government has a goal of quadrupling the gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020 and more than doubling the per capita GDP. A widespread market economy mechanisms and some reduction of government role has been evident since 1978. The government fosters a dual economic structure that has evolved from a socialist, centrally planned economy to a socialist market economic system, or a “market economy with socialist characteristics.” The rapid industrial development has been achieved by increasing technological advancements, huge foreign direct investment and productivity increases. People’s communes...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary ………………………………..….………….…….……………….. 4 Institutions ………….……………………………….….…….……….………….……... 6 Socio-cultural Forces …………..…………..…………..……………….……………… 10 Labor Standards in Germany …………………………………………………………... 12 Labor Standards in China ………………………………………………………...…..... 19 Comparative Analysis ………...…………………........…………….……..……....…… 25 Conclusion ………………………......……………………………….……....………… 29 References …………………………...………..……………………………….……….. 31 Appendix A …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 35 Appendix B …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 36 Appendix C …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 37 Appendix D …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 38 Appendix E …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 39 Executive Summary As a result of systemic changes in the economy over the last two decades, the world of work has radically changed in eastern European and Asian countries. Transition reforms have led to rapid structural shifts in the economy: China has become a focal point for much of the insecurity that globalization has produced: for the past two decades China has experienced explosive economic growth that has attracted jobs and capital from around the world (Feng, 2007). No other industrializing country has ever attracted jobs at both the high and low ends of the production chain. From basic level assembly work to the upper tiers of industry and services, China is setting the global norm for working standards around...
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...western shore of Pacific Ocean, which is the third largest country with 9,596,960 square kilometres. With the vast land, the land boundary of some 22.800 kilometers also have many neighbor such as Russia, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Tajikistan, Mongolia. At the same time, the mainland coastline measures about 18,000 kilometers with a flat topography, and there are many excellent docks and harbours, most of them are ice-free all year round (Jinyan, 2005). Most place of China all belong to the north temperature zone. Clear for seasons which suit for people to habitat. In addition as a big country with a vast territory, the nature resources and mineral resources are very rich, according to the director (2005) of China's National Development and Reform Commission said China is not only a consumer of energy, but also a big country of energy producer population is also a very alarming figure. According to the sixth national census 2010, the total population in China is about 13.40963745 billion which contains different...
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...Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy. In politics, an authoritarian government is one in which political authority is concentrated in a small group of politician. Characteristics Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime. Authoritarianism emphasizes the rule of the few; it often includes election rigging, political decisions being made by a select group of officials behind closed doors, a bureaucracy that sometimes operates independently of rules, which does not properly supervise elected officials, and fails to serve the concerns of the constituencies they purportedly serve. Authoritarianism also tends to embrace the informal and unregulated exercise of political power, a leadership that is "self-appointed and even if elected cannot be displaced by citizens' free choice among competitors," the arbitrary deprivation of civil liberties, and little tolerance for meaningful opposition; A range of social controls also attempt to stifle civil society, while political stability is maintained by control over and support of the armed forces, a pervasive bureaucracy staffed by the regime, and creation of allegiance through various means of socialization and...
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...How China rises What lessons can be drawn from China's spectacular and sustained economic growth? As Hu Jintau remarked at the 17th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the period since the previous Congress five years ago has been extraordinary. China's economic achievements have been arousing not only astonishment and admiration but also some anxiety. In the past twelve months alone, The People's Republic of China (PRC) has overtaken Canada as the biggest source of imports to the USA, and overtaken the USA as the biggest source of imports to the European Union. Concern about the low level of investment in Africa has been displaced by concern about the effects of the high level of Chinese investment in Africa; there is now even anxiety about the effects of investment by Chinese state-owned firms into the Western economies. The Chinese Communist Party is also expressing concerns. The themes of its 2007 Congress included protection of the environment and the achievement of social harmony. According to some estimates, China has displaced the USA as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases. Inequality is rising as fast as pollution: China now has over 800 individuals with a personal wealth of more than a hundred million US dollars each, up from 500 in 2006; while the average income in rural areas of China is 480 dollars per year. Made in China. Hu Jintau's remark on the extraordinary nature of the most recent years can be faulted in only one sense: China has...
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...Wal-Mart Survive China’s Growing Middle Class? China’s rising standard of living and its impact on the discount retail market. Abstract This paper investigates published articles, financial information and books which discuss Wal-Mart’s recent business activities in China. The activity discussed includes Wal-Mart’s increasing impact and influence on the Chinese economy as a buyer and consumer of raw materials, a manufacturer of products, and as a retailer and employer in China. This paper discusses how Wal-Mart sources its finished products and raw materials in and from China, how Wal-Mart markets to China’s middle class, and how Wal-Mart manages China’s middle-class as both its primary customer and their source of labor in China. The intent of this paper is to provide readers with a high level understanding of how Wal-Mart is conducting business in today’s China and how Wal-Mart’s manages their exposure to the various supply chains in China, its increasing dependence on products and services sourced in China and how Wal-Mart is handling China’s growing middle-class and the nationally unionized workforce in their Chinese stores. Lastly, this paper discusses how Wal-Mart’s business strategy competes and compares with Target Stores, one of their leading competitors in the discount retailer marketplace. Keywords: wal-mart, target, china, supply chain management, sourcing, global marketplace Identification. This paper discusses Wal-Mart’s history in China and...
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...1. The first year of Eurodisney in Europe was disastrous for many reasons. Actually, the first one could be the weather. People who are going on vacations to have a good time, but more importantly to enjoy the weather. People in Europe or from everywhere are not going to vacation at a spot where the weather is going to be irregular; they choose a place where they have more chances to enjoy the journey. France get cold in the winter, therefore going to Disney World in Orlando would be more logical. It will be cheaper and the weather is going to be decent for whenever you choose to go. Secondly, European and other people haven’t got the same Fairy-tale culture. In France, they have their own characters and stories. Maybe it’s because of that Mickey did not create reason or attraction enough for the European community, unlike at the sister theme park Tokyo Disneyland. The diffenrence of price could be also a reason of this failure. For example, if we compare how much can pay a French and a Japanese family to enjoy a whole day in family in Eurodisney, the gap is really big ($280 and $600). The macro-environmental scanning of namely, the political, the cultural, and the economic aspects of Europe had been grossly miscalculated. They definitely had to change their way of seeing European people like American people and adapt Eurodisney to the European culture. For the Hong kong one, I think the most important thing is that the designers didn’t create the park as the population...
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...China’s Auto Sector Development and Policies: Issues and Implications Rachel Tang Analyst in Asian Affairs June 25, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40924 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress China’s Auto Sector Development and Policies: Issues and Implications Summary The automobile industry, a key sector in China’s industrialization and modernization efforts, has been developing rapidly since the 1990s. In recent years, China has become the world’s largest automotive producer, with annual vehicle output of over 18 million units in 2011. China is now also the world’s biggest market for automobile sales. Meanwhile, China’s auto sector development and policies have caused concerns in the United States, from automotive trade, China’s failure to effectively enforce trade agreements and laws, to market barriers and government policies that increasingly favor Chinese manufacturers, which could affect business operations and prospects of international companies doing business in (or with) China. China’s auto industry has developed extensively through foreign direct investment, which has come in the form of alliances and joint ventures between international automobile manufacturers and Chinese partners. These international automobile manufacturers, who generally dominate the higher end of the Chinese market, have focused on making cars for China’s large and fastgrowing market. The domestic Chinese automakers, who...
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