...Special education has a very meaningful history. Special education is a complex enterprise that can be defined and evaluated from many perspectives(Heward 2013). The time frame and relation of special education play a major role in the evolvement in current and future education. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by Congress in 1975. The 1990 amendments renamed the law and changed it to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act which was mainly referred to as IDEA. Special educators are very important because they teach students have disabilities, such as language, sensory, learning, physical, and/or emotional abilities that cause them to be deviated from those of the general population. The responsibility of special educators is to give instruction that is specifically targeted to meet the individualized needs, making education available to those who have a limited access to education. Since education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments, special education should not fall short of the importance of education. Students with disabilities has been present in every era and society although special education that has been federally mandated is relatively new. Only after the acknowledgement or creation of universal public education is when forms a disability came about. When teachers had goals of literacy for all students, it caused teachers to observe a students disability in relation to a task and setting. After...
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...History of Special Education Alisha Anderson Grand Canyon University: SPE-526 June 26, 2013 Abstract Special education will continue to be transformed in a number of different ways throughout the years to come. Special Education provide different services, support systems, and resources to help meet the needs of students that have disabilities and gifted students. The history of special education have covered many issues throughout the years. There have been many laws and regulations created to help protect individuals with disabilities. This paper will report on the past history of special education, the laws associated with Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and how the current and future challenges of special education affect the laws. What is Special Education? Special Education was created to teach students with disabilities at no cost to the parents. Special Education in the past involved schools that did not support or recognize students with disabilities. Today Special Education have progressed to provide services to all students no matter what their disabilities are. Special Education is a program that establish guidelines and expectations that teachers, parents, and students follow, in order for the student to receive the proper help they need (Heward, 2009). Disabilities could be labeled as physical, mental, emotional, or gifted. Special Education are services that are put in place after an evaluation process of the student. The services...
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...History of Special Education Cherri Eurich Grand Canyon University: SPE-526 11/7/12 Abstract Understanding the history of special education is necessary to grasp its value today. After the 1970’s it was decided there was a growing need for reform when it came to educating children with disabilities. Over the years there have been many pieces of legislation introduced to aid in improving our nation’s special education program. Perhaps one of the most important, being the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). As early as 1970, people began to recognize the need for educational legislation on behalf of students with disabilities. Before that time schools were allowed to discriminate and segregate as well as deny education to certain students. Since Brown vs. the Board of Education educational legislation has been vital to developing the best special education programs. What is Special Education? Special education is designed to give opportunities and teaching to students with disabilities that affect their life and learning (Heward, 2009). Special education provides a curriculum that is specialized and individually intensive. The lessons are intensive and goal directed for each student. Special education teachers work in conjunction with general education teachers to provide adequate lessons. In many instances, special curriculum, along with unique materials is used to aid in educating the students (Heward, 2009)...
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...History of Special Education By: Kenyata York December 5, 2012 SPE 526 ABSTRACT Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea of educating individuals with disabilities was not always a positive and fair thought in the United States. Throughout history, the laws and regulations for students with disabilities have been created to establish equality and opportunity for educational advancement. Some of the laws and regulations include the creation of the Education for Handicapped Act (EHA), the Individual with Disability Education Act (IDEA), and legislation to have teachers trained to work with students who are “mental challenged” and deaf. Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea of educating individuals with disabilities was not always a positive...
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...EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA COURSE GUIDE Course Code Course Title Course Developer History of Education in Nigeria EDU 604 Dr Samuel Amaele Guidance and Counselling University of Ilorin Kwara State Dr Samuel Amaele Guidance and Counselling University of Ilorin Kwara State Mr Akanbi G. O. Department of Educational Foundation College of Education Oyo state Dr. O. I. Salawu School of Education National Open University of Nigeria Lagos Course Writers Course Editor Programme Leader NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Annex 245 Samuel Adesujo Ademulegun Street Central Business District Opposite Arewa Suites Abuja e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng National Open University of Nigeria 2006 First Printed 2006 ISBN: 978-058-134-0 All Rights Reserved Printed by …………….. For National Open University of Nigeria iii EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA Contents Page Introduction ……………………………………………. 1 Course Aims ………………………………………………... 2 Course Objectives ………………………………………….. 2 Working through this Course ………………………………. 2 Course Materials …………………………………………… 3 Study Unit …………………………………………………. 3 Assessment …………………………………………………. 4 End of Course Examination ………………………………... 4 Summary ………………………………………………….. 4-5 Introduction To appreciate the current educational development and plan better...
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...History of Education 1 In order to learn and understand where we are now and what the future may bring, we need to look and understand the past. By doing so, we can understand future perspectives about disabilities. The hurtful reality is that society, I believe, is still infected by notion that people with disabilities are less than fully human and therefore are illegible for receiving the opportunities available. History does in fact repeat itself. Maybe not as bad, but most definitely is occurring. Although, I do believe that compared to other countries, USA has been opening the light of people with disabilities and accepting their nature by providing special programs, allowing them in workforces, etc. According to a journal I read, they listed a great deal of bullets that provided examples of unfair treatments that were acceptable by different societies in given time periods. “-Killed or abandoned in the woods in ancient Greece. -Kept as jesters for nobility in the Roman Empire courts -Experienced acts of infanticide during the Renaissance -Drowned and burned during the Spanish Inquisition -Dehumanization in orphanages and asylums in 19th century Europe -Involuntary sterilization of people with developmental disabilities in the US, beginning in 1907, to prevent the passing on of inferior traits -Not allowed to attend neighborhood schools -Housed in separate institutions throughout the world.” 2. IDEA The United States Congress passed the Education...
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...CheckPoint: History of American Education • Colonial Period (1607-1775) The Massachusetts Act 1647: Requiring good teaching of all kids by a decree devised to produce scripture-literate people who would frustrate Satan’s dishonesty. • Early National Period (1775-1820) The U.S Constitution Ratified in 1788: Management of education was given to the states, instead of the Government. • Common School Movement (1820-1965) Horace Mann in 1837: Calls for general free education for all people. • Progressive Era (1890-1950) SAT Test in 1923: the earliest Stanford Achievement Test was made public. • Modern Era (1950-present) NCLB Act in 2001: Congress ratified the No Child Left Behind Act. The general school movement from1820 to1965 had lots of actions, which assisted in shaping and making today’s classroom. Horace Mann’s proposal was founded in 1837, in which his plan calls for general free education for all people to be one of the most important plans ever. Horace put together a plan that a community education that is a tax-supported education be made accessible to all. Horace Mann’s plan concentrated on the areas within six basic proposal incorporating for the first time that a republic can no longer stay ignorant and free simultaneously, the requirement of general trendy education. Second that the education should be paid for, managed, and maintained by an interested community. Third that the education is best offered in schools containing children...
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...History of Education Education Act of 1944. The Education Act of 1944 involved a thorough recasting of the educational system. The Board of Education was replaced by a minister who was to direct and control the local education authorities, thereby assuring a more even standard of educational opportunity throughout England and Wales. Every local education authority was required to submit for the minister's approval a development plan for primary and secondary education and a plan for further education in its area. Two central advisory councils were constituted, one for England, another for Wales. These had the power, in addition to dealing with problems set by the minister, to tender advice on their own initiative. The total number of education authorities in England and Wales was reduced from 315 to 146. The educational systems of Scotland and Northern Ireland are separate and distinct from that of England and Wales, although there are close links between them. The essential features of the Education Act of 1944 of England and Wales were reproduced in the Education Act of 1945 in Scotland and in the Education Act of 1947 in Northern Ireland. There were such adaptations in each country as were required by local traditions and environment. The complexity of the education system in the United Kingdom arises in part from the pioneer work done in the past by voluntary bodies and a desire to retain the voluntary element in the state system. The act of 1944 continued...
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...This essay addresses several reasons as to why is an understanding of the history of Schooling in South Africa important for teaching and learning today. Africans have always had their own formal educational system long before the invasion of Europeans in Africa (Hlatshwayo, 1658-1988, 28). The purpose of this system was to instill societal values and behavior, it was an inclusive system because all the society was involved in the education system. In 1658 the first type of European or western cultured school was opened in the Cape, in particular for young African slaves in order to teach them about Christianity and civilization (Hlatshwayo, 1658-1988, 28). The latter was the beginning of colonialism in the South African Schooling system. Nelson...
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...History of Special Education The field of education has been around for a very long time, but special education has not always been around. In fact, for many years it wasn’t even accepted in the world of education. In the past, students with special needs were often not allowed to go to public school because of their disabilities. However, in today’s world, they have a right to free public education and most of the time benefit greatly from some of the resources that are available. Special education has come a long ways over the years and still has room for growth and improvement. There have been many court cases that have led the field of special education where it is today. In 1892, Homer Plessy, an African American man, bought a train ticket out of New Orleans and boarded the part of the train that was designated for white people. He was arrested for breaking the Louisiana Separate Car Act and was found guilty of breaking that law. (Daigle, 2011). Even though this was a case that dealt with segregation it had an impact on education later as discrimination against those students with disabilities came into play. In Watson vs. City of Cambridge (1893), a student was expelled because the school didn’t feel like he would benefit from an education. The courts agreed with the school and felt like those with weak minds would be a distraction to others and should be denied access to school. Beattie vs. Board of Education (1919) case about twenty years later with a student...
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...History of Special Education Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 June 25, 2014 ABSTRACT Special education has been at the center point of education for the past decades. The foundations of education never considered those with disabilities important or relevant in the classroom. Therefore, disabled students did not receive fair or equal treatment. Over the past century teachers, governments, and families have worked to create laws and regulations to ensure that students with disabilities have fair and equal treatment in schools. This paper will discuss the history of special education and law and acts that were created to help the field. In addition, current and future challenges of special education are also examined. Keywords: special education, No Child Left Behind, Individuals with Disabilities Education According to the United States Department of Education there were 6 million children from the age of birth to 21 that received special education services in 2009-2010 (Department of Education). In addition, since the federal government started reporting child data in 1977 the percentage of students receiving special education services has doubled from 23.8% to 42.3%. With encouraging statistics like those mentioned it seems like the United Sates has always been innovators of special education. However, this is actually not the case. When the founding fathers of education established the foundations of school, individuals with special needs were not considered. In...
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...History of Special Education Erin Hauser SPE/300 May 4, 2015 Tabatha Astacio Arce Introduction Special Education has come a long way particularly since the enactment of two federal laws: the EHA (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and the IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). The EHA requires public education for all children with disabilities and the IDEA requires special education for those children. How Terminology Has Changed The term “mental retardation” has such an offensive vibe to it. Many teachers get upset when people use this term. However, it is used because that is what was written into the text of federal law. It says “ …a learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, mental retardation…” (20 U.S.C. 1401(30)). Some states have changed the terminology in their state statutes to “cognitive disability” or “intellectual disability”. Many people do not like the words “handicap” or “crippled” even, as it implies a negative feel towards the person. Some believe this makes us focus on their disability instead of the person and their gifts and talents. Many people refer to people with these struggles as “exceptional” as others have preferred “challenged” or “differently-abled”. Our society tends to focus on the negative in people or the “different” in people who don’t fit the “normal” criteria such as fashionable, intelligent, middle to upper class, athletic. Why Students are in the Least Restrictive Environment ...
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...DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN EDUCATION AMONG THE IGBOMINA PEOPLE OF KWARA STATE By DR J. T. DOSUNMU Abstract This study examines the introduction of Western Education into Igbomina area of Kwara State of Nigeria by the Christian Missions. The administration and management of the various schools introduced by the missions were jointly administered by the colonial administrators and the missions. After the initial resistance to education, the exposure of the people to 'southern' influence soon made them realise what they have to gain from western education. It was for this reason that education became the "main industry" of the area. By far the most important agent of western education in the area was the S.I.M. (ECWA), which started its activities in 1912. Like in other parts of Nigeria, mission education in Igbomina was geared towards evangelical ends. However, the people of Igbomina saw western education as a tool to improve their quality of life. But it was not long before the people realised that the mere possession of education did not in itself provide employment along desired lines. Introduction The development of western education in Igbomina cannot be treated in isolation from traditional forms of education. In this society, traditional education was a way of life before the advent of Western education introduced by missionaries and the colonial administration. But inspite of the growth and success of western education in this region, the place of traditional education still remain significant...
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...THE CHRISTAIN EDUCATION OF YOUTH A study of the history of professional youth ministry shows that over the years they come a long way. In the late 1950s churches began to invest significantly in salary funds in staff positions for youth ministry before that the youth ministry was done by mostly volunteer workers who were unqualified and poorly trained. Also it can be said that evangelical churches grudgingly instituted the youth ministry because they feared that Para church organization would take the youth away from the churches. GAINING A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Youth ministry in the 1950s was a calculated attempt of countering the influence of secular entertainment on Christian youth and they introduced 1. Christian film in the hopes that to be a possible alternative to movies in secular theaters. 2. High powered recreational and social programs were developed as an alternative to school dances 3. Large rallies were organized in major cities with famous Christian entertainer as a way to convince youth that they could be Christians and still be popular and well liked In the 1950s entertainment was used to retain youth within the church .The 1960s was a landmark decade in the country. The church’s approach to youth ministry was greatly affected by the sociological and cultural times. Youth in the country began to demonstrate that they cared greatly about the issues related to the world they lived. Those involved in youth ministry realized that...
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...ESE 633 Week 1 DQ 1 History and Service Delivery Options for Students with Disability To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/ese-633-ash/ese-633-week-1-dq-1-history-and-service-delivery-options-for-students-with-disability This discussion is your opportunity to achieve the week’s learning objective to examine the history and service delivery options for students with a disability. This discussion aligns with Course Learning Outcome 3 and reinforces MAED Program Learning Outcome 2. This week’s readings provided you with a look into the history of individuals who addressed the academic interests of children with disabilities. These individuals accepted many roles during the process because often there were no legal safeguards against social, academic, or legal injustices. Starting in the United States in the 1960s, advocates for children with disabilities began a strong campaign for equality. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was passed in 1975 with reauthorizations, updates, and refinements occurring continuously. Contemporary special educators continue to serve in multiple roles advocating for equality in schools, communities, and workplaces. Although the federally mandated role of special educators has evolved notably, public education for children with disabilities continues to be a dynamic and progressive area of practice. Initial Post – Begin by reading Chapter 1 in Murawski and Spenser (2011). Next, using the Ashford...
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