...Final Project: Expository Essay Samantha A. Medina University of Phoenix Final Project: Expository Essay Computer technology has developed tremendously over the decades and centuries to become so modern in every aspect including education and personal leisure. It is breath taking to see how modernized out computer technology is today as opposed to the limited computer technology that was available in history. The changes that have occurred over history to today will be discussed and focused upon in this essay. The Mechanical Era: Early Computing Devices The Abacus The abacus was the first machine to be used computational science. It is considered to be the first computer. This machine was inspired by one of Charles Babbage’s designs. The abacus could process 15 digit numbers and calculate fourth-order differences. In 1885 the machine won gold medal at an exhibition in Paris and also helped calculate the orbit of mars! The abacus is still in use today. Imagine that a computing device from centuries ago still being used to this day! Charles Babbage Charles Babbage was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer ("Charles Babbage", 2012). Babbage is known to have invented the first programmable computer. As stated earlier his design inspired the abacus and other complex designs. He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for inventing an engine for calculating mathematical and astronomical tables. Babbage was also Lucasian Professor...
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...History and Development of the Digital Computer Prior to the advent of digital computing, human clerks who calculated in accordance with effective methods we referred to as “computers.” Human computing has evolved greatly since that time; giving the need for computing and the advancement of technology an entirely new growth opportunity. A digital computer is “a device that processes numerical information; more generally, any device that manipulates symbolic information according to specified computational processes” (Digital Computer). Each computer is programmed with a basic set of instructions that are the identifiers of what capability that system has to perform functions. Computers are devices used to carry out a myriad of logical operations, and most often consist of at least one processing element. A computer most often contains a memory bank for information storage. Though the idea of computing has been around for a long while, it wasn’t until the mid-1900’s that “computers” came alive. The dinosaurs of the mid-1900 were mammoth machines housed in large buildings and warehouses and consumed more energy for one operating system than hundreds of today’s mini machine’s do. Today’s computers are miniscule in size in comparison to that of their ancestors and have the capability of far more computing power. As technology has evolved, the computer has taken the shape of laptops, music players, gaming systems and automobiles; each of these tangible items relies on some sort...
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...A Virtual Mobile Cache Applied to an Integrated Real-Time Display In today’s society recent advances in wireless communication technologies has made the world of mobile computing flourish with a variety of applications. In this paper, I will present an overview of existing research in the vast area of Virtual Mobile Computing in Real-time Display. This new paradigm of computing called mobile computing enables users carrying portable devices to have access to data and information services regardless of their physical location or movement behavior. I will provide comparative and detailed review of research prototypes along with analyzing new paradigms and enabler concepts for mobile client-server computing. Along with these paradigms, I chose to also discuss the advances in research on location-aware computing, and talks about how the advances in this area could have important implications, not just for how geospatial data are acquired, but also for how and what quality they can be delivered, and how mobile and geographically distributed systems are designed. Recent advances in wireless networking technology and portable information appliances have created a new paradigm of computing. This paradigm called mobile computing enables its users who carry portable devices to have access to information services through a shared infrastructure, regardless of their physical location or movement behavior (Jing 118). Traditional techniques for information access are based on the assumptions...
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...Mobile and wireless technologies have evolved beyond recognition in today’s technology environment. The advent of mobile phones and similar devices has transformed business and social interactions, and Internet access no longer depends on a wired system such as a modem connected to a telephone landline, but rather, it can be achieved using a mobile enabled device whenever and wherever a mobile access point is available. Such access points or hot spots are now widely available in airports, hotels, educational institutions and other public buildings, and increasing numbers of wireless networks are being installed in commercial buildings and private homes. The term "wireless" refers, in the most basic and obvious sense, to communications sent without wires or cables. It is a broad term that encompasses all sorts of wireless technologies and devices, including cellular communications, networking between computers with wireless adapters, and wireless computer accessories. Mobile technology extends computing and the Internet into the wireless medium, and provides greater flexibility in communication, collaboration, and information sharing. Mobile technology, which can support computing on the move using portable devices through wireless networks (Varshney and Vetter, 2000; Malladi and Agrawal, 2002), has emerged as the next wave in IT revolution. Mobile technology includes technological infrastructure for connectivity such as Wireless Application...
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...people are Security of server room Purpose: The purpose of this policy is to implement a set of securities in order to further safeguard the server room from unauthorized access. Scope: All employees, contractors, consultants, temporary and other workers at GDI. Policy: This policy is to set forth a new manner in which the Server Room is secured. The Server Room shall have a keypad on all access points. This keypad will require a different code form every person who has access to the room. It shall also retain a file in which all persons who enter the server room is recorded. There shall also be a biometric scanner in order to prevent single access point failure. Wireless devices The purpose of this standard is to secure and protect the information assets owned by GDI. GDI provides computer devices, networks, and other electronic information systems to meet missions, goals, and initiatives. GDI grants access to these resources as a privilege and must manage...
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...Apple Inc.'s marketing and promotions strategies…..P.3 Background………………………………………………………………….……..P.4 Initial Product Marketing & Promotion: Apple I, II and III………………...…P.4 Primary New Product Launch: “Classic Macintosh” and Family……….……..P.5 Further Success in Novel Products, Marketing and Promotions: iPod….……..P.5 Expanding to Mobile Devices: Marketing and Promoting the iPhone………....P.6 Fortified Marketing and Promotions: Operating Systems and Capabilities…..P.7 Other Marketing and Promotion Strategies……………………………….......P.7-8 - Back to School Promotion - School Bulk Purchasing - Trade-In Program Conclusions………………………………………………………………………....P.8 Reference…………………………………………………………………...………P.9 Why I chose to examine Apple Inc.'s marketing and promotions strategies. I specifically chose Apple Inc. for the marketing and promotions assignment not only because Apple Inc. is well-recognized for the quality and marketing of its products on a global scale, but also for its history. Whereas a number companies which have excelled through aggressive and strategic marketing strategies, Apple Inc.’s history reveals multiple decades of rebranding and reorientation, which led to its position and success today. From Apple Inc.’s first home computers, the Apple I, II, and III, to their latest iPhone series, Apple has established itself as a serial innovator. While some of their products have gained much more popularity than others, it is inarguable that Apple...
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...Main article: History of laptops Alan Kay with "Dynabook" prototype The Epson HX-20As the personal computer became feasible in the early 1970s, the idea of a portable personal computer followed. A "personal, portable information manipulator" was imagined by Alan Kay at Xerox PARC in 1968,[6] and described in his 1972 paper as the "Dynabook".[7] The IBM SCAMP project (Special Computer APL Machine Portable), was demonstrated in 1973. This prototype was based on the PALM processor (Put All Logic In Microcode). The IBM 5100, the first commercially available portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.[8] As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. The Osborne 1, released in 1981, used the Zilog Z80 and weighed 23.6 pounds (10.7 kg). It had no battery, a 5 in (13 cm) CRT screen, and dual 5.25 in (13.3 cm) single-density floppy drives. In the same year the first laptop-sized portable computer, the Epson HX-20, was announced.[9] The Epson had a LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer in a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) chassis. Both Tandy/RadioShack and HP also produced portable computers of varying designs during this period.[10][11] The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s. The Dulmont Magnum was released in Australia in 1981–82, but was not marketed internationally until 1984–85. The $8,150 ($18,540 today) GRiD Compass 1100, released in...
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...used to with Jobs leading the company. During the time that Sculley was at the realm Apple saw significant failures in which I will outline when answering the next question and he changed business models which adversely affected Apple to the extent that some say he almost drove Apple into the ground for good. After Jobs return in 1997 he immediately started driving the businesses culture in a completely different direction in which he focused on the experience his products gave the user and went on to inspire others in the company to be creative and come up with innovations that changed the world forever. I’ve taken events from an article I found called, “30 pivotal moments in Apple’s history” (Linzmayer, 2006) and segmented what they feel to be the 30 most pivotal moments in Apples history into what I feel to be successes or failures. So lets start with failures. I will start their failures in 1983 with when they named John Sculley as their CEO....
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...Research Brief Summary: * History: * Company Name: Apple * Location: 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 U.S.A. 408-996-1010 Description of company: Apple Inc. (Apple), incorporated on January 3, 1977, along with its subsidiaries, is engaged in designing, manufacturing and marketing mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players. It also sells a range of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. The Company’s products and services include iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, Apple TV, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the iOS and Mac OS X operating systems, iCloud, and a range of accessory, service and support offerings. It also sells and delivers digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore, and Mac App Store. During the year ended November 24, 2011, the Company, as part of a consortium, acquired Nortel Networks Corporation’s patent portfolio. In February 2012, the Company acquired app-search engine Chomp. Apple sells its products worldwide through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and resellers. In addition, the Company sells a range of third-party iPhone, iPad, Mac and iPod compatible products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various...
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...History of Laptop Computers - History Left - Modern Laptop Today It is a little hard to determine what was the first portable or laptop computer, the first portable computers did not look like the book-sized and folding laptops that we are familiar with today, however, they were both portable and lapable, and lead to the development of notebook style laptops. I have outlined several potential firsts below and how each qualifies, many of the off-site links provide good photos of the computers that will let you see the progression in design. The First Laptop? Maybe Designed in 1979 by a Briton, William Moggridge, for Grid Systems Corporation, the Grid Compass was one fifth the weight of any model equivalent in performance and was used by NASA on the space shuttle program in the early 1980's. A 340K byte bubble memory lap-top computer with die-cast magnesium case and folding electroluminescent graphics display screen. Ads Get Success With CPAwww.cpaaustralia.com.au/asapStay Ahead & Become A Leader With The CPA Program. Enrol Today! RS Components MalaysiaMalaysia.RS-Online.comWe Stock Over 550,000 Products. Free Delivery, Order Online Now! Want A Career In IT?NewINTI.edu.my/ComputingBe Industry Ready In 3 Years. Apply For Computing In INTI Now! Gavilan Computer As The First Laptop? Manny Fernandez had the idea for a well-designed laptop for executives who were starting to use computer. Fernandez, who started Gavilan Computer, promoted his machines as the first "laptop"...
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...FGE 1023 COURSE : FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER ORGANIZATION LECTURE : AZHAM BIN AHMAD NAME : MOHAMMAD FAISAL BIN OTHMAN MATRIC NUMBER :14C19007 COMPUTER HISTORY INTRODUCTION What is computer? In its most basic form a computer is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations. In that respect the earliest computer was the abacus, used to perform basic arithmetic operations. Every computer supports some form of input, processing, and output. This is less obvious on a primitive device such as the abacus where input, output and processing are simply the act of moving the pebbles into new positions, seeing the changed positions, and counting. Regardless, this is what computing is all about, in a nutshell. We input information, the computer processes it according to its basic logic or the program currently running, and outputs the results. Modern computers do this electronically, which enables them to perform a vastly greater number of calculations or computations in less time. Despite the fact that we currently use computers to process images, sound, text and other non-numerical forms of data, all of it depends on nothing more than basic numerical calculations. Graphics, sound etc. are merely abstractions of the numbers being crunched within the machine; in digital computers these are the ones and zeros, representing electrical on and off states, and endless combinations of those. In other words every image, every sound, and...
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...------------------------------------------------- Who is the father of the computer? There are hundreds of people who have major contributions to the field of computing. The following sections detail the primary founding fathers of computing, the computer, and the personal computer we all know and use today. Father of computing Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this computer was never built while Charles Babbage was alive. However, in 1910 Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations. In 1991, the London Science Museum completed a working version of the Analytical Engine No 2. This version incorporated Babbage's refinements developed during the creation of the Analytical Engine. Although Babbage never completed his invention in his lifetime, his radical ideas and concepts of the computer are what make him the father of computing. Father of the computer There are several people who could be considered as the father of the computer including Alan Turing, John Atanasoff, and John von Neumann. However, for the purpose of this document we're going to be considering Konrad Zuse as the father of the...
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...History of Tablets The History Of The Tablet, An Idea That Steve Jobs Stole And Turned Into A Game-Changer (Bort, 2013). I am doing a research paper on the history of tablets. My question for this topic is whether Apple’s Ipad was the first tablet created or not. You will find out in the rest of this paper. Apple’s Ipad got most of the credited for killing the netbook market but it was not Steve Jobs’ idea (Bort, 2013). The first tablet was the Linus Write-Top that debuts in 1987. The Linus Write-Top revolutionized the way businesses check their databases. It is a “resistive” type of touchscreen in which voltage applies to the screen edges, and the stylus detects the voltage (Linus Write-Top, 2013). The Linus (“of or about lines”) converts your scrawls into perfect text of five characters per second (Linus Write-Top, 2013). It was an expensive piece of technology as most old computers were. The GridPad launched two years later in 1989. The military and law enforcement used it mostly while consumers ignored it because of the high price. The GridPad was the first touchscreen tablet that was portable. It was used primarily for experimental purposes and the like (GridPad, 2013). The United States military specified more rigidity than those sold to the public (GridPad, 2013). Microsoft’s CEO Bill Gates debuts its first tablet computer in 2000. It would become a big thing five years down the road as Bill Gates predicts. He was five years off. The device would feature input...
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...Contents Introduction Networking Fundamentals Networking Lexicon Network Types Network Design Standard Topologies Hubs Switches Variation of Major Topologies Network Media Network Cabling: Tangible Physical Media Primary Cable Types Wireless Networking: Intangible Media Types of Wireless Network Network Interface Card Network Interface Card (NIC) Basics Special-Purpose NIC’s References ------------------------------------------------- Networking Fundamentals Networking History and Evolution The earliest form of electronic networking for the purpose of message transfer was the local telephone exchange, which has evolved to become a carrier network providing transport services for both voice and data traffic on a global scale. Data networks designed exclusively for computing environments followed the introduction of business computing in the 1950s. Prior to that time, computers were used mostly for research and national defense purposes. Milestones in the history of data networking include: * 1960s—The first large-scale commercial computer network is created for an airline reservation application. Also, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) successfully links computers developed by different manufacturers, forming what is later described as the origin of today’s Internet. * 1970s—A networking technology for minicomputers called Ethernet is developed. * 1980s—The increase in the number of stand-alone desktop...
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...CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION Mobile devices allow users to run powerful applications that take advantage of the growing availability of built-in sensing and better data exchange capabilities of mobile devices. As a result, mobile applications seamlessly integrate with real-time data streams and Web 2.0 applications, such as mashups, open collaboration, social networking and mobile commerce. The mobile execution platform is being used for more and more tasks, e.g., for playing games; capturing, editing, annotating and uploading video; handling finances; managing personal health, micro payments, ticket purchase, interacting with ubiquitous computing infrastructures. Even mobile device hardware and mobile networks continue to evolve and to improve, mobile devices will always be resource-poor, less secure, with unstable connectivity, and with less energy since they are powered by battery. Mobile devices can be seen as entry points and interface of cloud online services. Mobile devices (e.g., smartphone, tablet pcs, etc.) are increasingly becoming an essential part of human life as the most effective and convenient communication tools not bounded by time and place. Mobile users accumulate rich experience of various services from mobile applications (e.g., iPhone apps, Google apps, etc.), which run on the devices and/or on remote servers via wireless networks. The rapid progress of mobile computing (MC) becomes a powerful trend in the development of IT technology as well as commerce...
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