...Josh Booth Professor Pearson West Georgia Technical College 05/02/2015 History of Sports/Games Using A Ball Sports or games have played a large part in the history of the world in regards to culture and entertainment and in some cases even sacrificial beliefs. Games using spherical shaped balls have been recorded as early as 1,400 B.c. in MesoAmerica and have evolved into what are now the World’s most prominent sports such as soccer or fùtbol. Games have evolved into sport, which has taken modern society by storm and created one of the largest economical entertainment industries in the world today. The first recorded history of games played with round objects was known as Ōllamaliztli, or simply as, “The Ball Game.” This game had ritualistic associations and has been dated back to 1,400 B.C. Many cultures grew to involve this game into it’s culture and ritualistic lives but the great civilization of the Mayans was the prominent exerciser. “As best as is now known from archaeological and iconographical sources as well as the structure of the sport courts, this was a very physically taxing and important part of Mayan culture.” (Blümchen). Although the exact rules of the game are unknown to this day, historians have made certain hypothesis as too how it was played. The game was played in large courts found all over Central America and as far north as Arizona. Diagonally arched balls surrounded the court with rings at the top of each wall. “Evidence suggests that...
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...History of Men’s Basketball and the influence On American Society Will have on College Sports Abstract Basketball is an organized team sport which consists of 5 players from each team competing against each other. The object of the game is to shoot a round ball into a circular basket. Basketball can be played in an organized manner or at a park or local gym for recreational purposes. Over the past 100 years the game of basketball has grown from a peach basket to highlight slam dunks. As time has passed by, the rules and the way the game is played has changed. New rules were implemented to make the game more enjoyable and create more of a competitive balance for all those who play. Players were given titles for the position they played like for example, the tallest player on the team was called the center. While the shortest player on the team or the person who dribbled the ball the best was called the point guard. The history of basketball has correlated with the history of the US during the 20th century. As the game and the country began to evolve, the game of basketball became the 2nd most played sport in the world behind soccer. Some of the major events in American history in the 20th century such as Brown vs. Board of Education impacted the growth and development of basketball in the beginning. Although, whites and blacks both played basketball, they did not play with or against each other until the 1950s on a pro level. Basketball was the only...
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...AHE 1108 History of sport Examine and discuss the role of women in sport in ancient Sparta By Srdjan Vulic Identification number: S4129049 Name of lecturer: Rob Hess and Matthew Klugman Name of tutor: Fiona McLachlan Tutorial group: 11.30pm, Tuesday, Semester 2, 2014 Date of submission: 3rd September 2014 Sparta was a city in Ancient Greece between 650 B.C and 362 B.C which was seen to have one of the strongest soldiers and women due to their early commencement of training in tough conditions to strengthen their bodies and to toughen them up. Men were always seen as the dominant species compared to women, they were seen to be stronger and had more dominance and respect in the Olympic Games and sport. Instead of encouraging women in Greece to participate in the Olympics they were instead dispirited and some laws were made to prevent them from participating. Spectators would rather watch men participate then women because they believed women were weak and were not as exhilarating to watch as men. Spartan women had more freedom and respect than many other Greek women, ‘Spartan women were allowed to be landholders and they were free to speak for themselves, unlike many other Greeks.’ Spartan women were ordered to do no less body building than the males, Lycurgus the lawgiver of Sparta believed ‘stronger children come from parents who are both strong.’ The women were trained the same way as the men, they would both be taught how to survive in tough conditions and they would be removed...
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...Below are websites dealing with sports history, particularly those halls of fame which exist. In the dead of winter, many people's interest turn to sports, and the nominees and inductees are announced for many halls, including professional baseball and professional football. Professional Baseball Hall of Fame http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/ This website discusses the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. The site combines baseball history and the Hall of Fame itself. The rotating exhibits at the museum are prominently featured, along with the members of the Hall. The site also discusses the rules for induction. Among the items available for the Hall of Fame members are their lifetime statistics, their biographies, pictures of their plaques, and desktop wallpaper. For those interested in analyzing the history of baseball elections, the results of the past votes are available. An online catalog of the museum's holdings is accessible here. The baseball history here is good, if sometimes not overly evaluative. The exhibits at the museum are also portrayed, and among the current exhibits are one on Ichiro Suzuki and another on Sports Illustrated. Information about visits is here as well. Basketball Hall of Fame http://www.hoophall.com/ This hall of fame (located in Springfield, Massachusetts), unlike baseball and football's hall of fames, represents all of basketball in one hall. (The other halls have separate halls for college and professional). Among...
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...The Money or The Passion: Is Money in Professional Sport Ruining the Ethos of the Game? Ross Schreuder Supervisor: Mr. Werth English Teacher: Mrs. Schroeder Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. History and Evolution of Sport 3 3. What is the Ethos of Sport? 4 4. Positive and Negative Influences of Money in Sport and an Evaluation of their Impact on its Ethos 5 4.1 Doping: 5 4.2 Throwing Matches/ Match Fixing: 6 4.3 Other Factors Contributing to Unethical Behaviour in Sport 7 4.4 Sportsmanship vs. Gamesmanship 8 4.5 The Money in Barclays Premier League 9 4.5.1 Stadium naming rights 10 4.5.2 Transfers and Individual Sponsorships 10 4.6 Philanthropy 11 5. Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 1. Introduction Money is, undoubtedly, evident in every aspect of professional sport. Player sponsorships and contracts, team ownership, stadia, media - its everywhere. If sport was not about the game, then arguably, sport would be about the money. Each and every week, transfers of players are made, ticket offices receive income, and money is handed from one profiteering person to the next. Where sport is widely thought to be about fair play, professional sport is, in fact, like war. There can only be one winner and what one team or individual gains, the other loses. Many sportsmen and women around the world are caught up with winning, not just because of the prowess of a title but, also because professionalism is now about money and...
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...Unit 2 Portfolio Sports Jasmine Madsen 1B How was sports effected by the Great Depression: * Social: People were not allowed to drink under the different games because of prohibition, so the atmosphere was completely different. The attendance to all the games fell strongly. Athletes were setting new records and especially when the poor people won it made American beliefs in power and to improve themselves. There was a lot of advertising of the different kind of sports and the newspaper or radio kept people updated. And all the different sports started to make sponsorships and all the sponsors played a big role when it came to advertising. * Political: The government was talking about making another league of baseball but the problem was that the money wasn’t there, so they didn’t have a chance to do anything. Lots of the awards were giving to the black athletes. People were starting to accept the black people and they had a lot of success. There was a separate Negro League in baseball and in NFL the Negros were accepted till 1933. But from 1933 to 1946 it was all white people who were playing football in the NFL league. Women started to play sports too and that was just a big of a change as it was when they started to allow black people. And in 1931 the first gymnastic championship was hold for women. * Economical: Just like everything else, sports were affected by the Great Depression too. Many athletes started to look for other jobs, because they couldn’t...
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...History of Sports betting in the American Culture Sport betting was a natural part of the culture of the early Americans. Between then and now, the sport betting industry has dramatically increased in popularity and has adapted with changes along the way. Americans, as a society, often frown upon anything to do with gambling and view it as a vice, however, there are some advantages to what the Sports Betting industry can offer should it be made legal. Sports betting(and gambling in general) can lead to a destructive lifestyle, is the cause of many strained relationships as well as cause a huge deficit of debt for someone, among other consequences. Americans know these ramifications and continue to part take in the action but obviously not for those reasons. Sport betting socially has its benefits as well such as winning money, fun and excitement, and even getting out of debt. Sports betting in America is a national past time in its own right and the idea of legalizing it has been a constant battle among it’s lawmakers. The founders of the United States were risk-takers by nature, hence the obvious attraction to gambling in all forms. Back then, people bet on makeshift horse races, cockfights and bare-knuckle brawls since there was not much else. Colonists from England had gambling in their blood since their fathers and grandfathers had been doing it for generations - not only in hopes of a profit but also as a form on leisure and entertainment(California Libraries, Web)...
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...Today women’s sports are less popular than men’s. Why? Mainly because men will almost always dominate women in an athletic environment because women are not that physically capable as men are, so not only do they get less interest, but it also means less media coverage, less funding and support. There are some exceptions in certain sports e.g. gymnastics, volleyball, tennis and also basketball. These particular sports are increasing in popularity, which means more media coverage, more fans and more sponsors. Other sports e.g. cycling are still struggling to compete with male equivalent. Historically, women have been discriminated in sports, and have not been provided with the same opportunities as men. A vast disparity has existed between men’s and women’s sports including training facilities, lack of equipment, coaching staff, trainers, and adequate funding. Sex discrimination played a huge part for women to compete in sports. The first Olympic Games of modern era in 1896 was not open for women. But since then the participation of women in Olympic movement have changed dramatically. This represents the changing values of our society. In U.S. before 1970s participation in sports for women was limited due sex discrimination laws. In 1972 Title IX a federal legislation was passed. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) had a task to implement Title IX. It gave women a remedy to address problems regarding sex discrimination. Main purpose of Title IX is to eliminate...
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...Sports History and Sports Halls of Fame Below are websites dealing with sports history, particularly those halls of fame which exist. In the dead of winter, many people's interest turn to sports, and the nominees and inductees are announced for many halls, including professional baseball and professional football. Professional Baseball Hall of Fame http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/ This website discusses the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. The site combines baseball history and the Hall of Fame itself. The rotating exhibits at the museum are prominently featured, along with the members of the Hall. The site also discusses the rules for induction. Among the items available for the Hall of Fame members are their lifetime statistics, their biographies, pictures of their plaques, and desktop wallpaper. For those interested in analyzing the history of baseball elections, the results of the past votes are available. An online catalog of the museum's holdings is accessible here. The baseball history here is good, if sometimes not overly evaluative. The exhibits at the museum are also portrayed, and among the current exhibits are one on Ichiro Suzuki and another on Sports Illustrated. Information about visits is here as well. Basketball Hall of Fame http://www.hoophall.com/ This hall of fame (located in Springfield, Massachusetts), unlike baseball and football's hall of fames, represents all of basketball in one hall. (The other halls have separate...
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...acquired the payment. The document containing the information about his payment is commonly known as “pro football’s birth certificate.” When it was time for the game, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club players noticed that Heffelfinger was in an Allegheny Athletic Association uniform. The Pittsburgh coach took his team off the field because fans of both sides had bet on the game and the Allegheny Athletic Association had obviously had the better chance of winning. It was finally agreed after a lot of arguing that the game would be played as a scrimmage and that all bets would be off. The arguing lasted so long that the game had to be shortened down to two 30 minute halves instead of the two 45 minute halves. That was the day that forever changed sports history. When football was first introduced in the early 1860s, players weren’t required to wear helmets, or in their...
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...The Rise of Professional Sports 5 November 2015 Abstract Sports became a professional phenomenon during the Gilded Age of America, which consisted of a period of unprecedented success for Americans in regard to wealth and long-term business enterprises. During the Gilded Age period, the country was consumed by the belief that every man had an opportunity to become wealthy, and those who were wealthy actually were able to spend their leisure time consumed with spending this wealth on lavish pursuits. ("Why Sports History Is American History | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History," n.d.) It was during this era that the rise of professional sports began to emerge as a way for the wealthy to entertain themselves during their leisure time. It was also during this time that immigrants were coming into the country in the millions, and the use of sports was an opportunity for these recent newcomers to become “Americanized” wherein the use of sports was an avenue to identify with their new country. This became an important way for these immigrants to mark their progress within the American society. Coupled with the political machines of that time, sports became a way to elicit support from large groups of people that were in support of specific geographic areas wherein the politicians who used sports for leisure also saw the importance of using them to garner support from immigrants. These were seen as community building institutions, and they are still used as...
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...History of the Olympics It is very hard to try and see anything negative about the history of the Olympics. I personally have not seen the negative things in it. I really tried my hardest in to trying to find something that might be able to help with the negative part of the history of Olympics but I couldn’t find anything. Especially towards teaching I honestly read and researched nothing but positive things when it came to the Olympic history and my profession. So unfortunately I will only be writing about why the history of the Olympics is positive and beneficial to teaching physical education. The history of the Olympics has helped me realize just how important it is towards physical education. Of course now of days I think that people just watch for mere entertainment. But when the Olympics first began in 1796 a lot of people didn’t now a lot about it. As it got around the event began to evolve more and more. The Olympics really helped bring a lot of people and things together. It allowed for people all over the world to be able to not only show case there talent to the world but it was also a gate opener to new sports. As the Olympics evolved a lot of different sports began to evolve also. Which is great for my profession because it gave my profession a breath of fresh air? It allowed physical education teachers a chance to talk about different sports and for students to play, learn and experience different things. The games and...
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...Sport Events Industry Individual Report Words: 2822 Special events have always been part of human history. Anthropologists have traced human civilization for tens of thousands of years, and at the heart of their observations are the ‘special events’ that typify and explain tribal behavior of that time and place. At this point, there is no question that special events have taken on all aspects of an “industry” in that their organization and management are the underlying support for marking the local and domestic details of our lives. Events are not restricted to festive celebrations but can include a variety of gatherings, serious or happy, and religious or cultural, including meetings and conferences, expositions and trade shows, private and public special events, art entertainment and sport events, media or corporate events, and events of various sizes. Events are given a lot of definitions but the most general one that characterizes events is “Temporary occurrence with a predetermined beginning and end. It is unique stemming from the blend of management, programme setting and people.” (Getz, 2005). On the following report there is a wide overview of the sport events sector, that will examine the history and development, the factors that support this sector, the impacts of these events, career opportunities that will arise through this sector and future trends. History and Development Sport reflects the country in which it is played, so inevitably the history of sport...
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...The History of Cheerleading Believe it or not, but cheerleading started in the late 1800’s in Great Britain when people were cheering at competitive sporting events which then spread to the United States of America. In the United States, the first cheerleaders were from a group of six men from Princeton University, which was called the Princeton Pep Club. The man that organized the Princeton Pep Club was Thomas Peebler. Thomas Peebler was a graduate of Princeton University who started a cheer/chant of “Sis Boom Rah”. Cheerleading has come a long since the Princeton Pep Club, but yet it is still not receiving the respect it should be receiving in today’s world. The history of cheerleading over the past century has evolved from six men in the Princeton Pep Club chanting at a football game to one of today’s most popular and difficult sports for both girls and boys. Cheerleading started as a man’s sport and overtime evolved into a sport that is based mainly on females. When people now a days think of cheerleading, they think of girls flaunting around in their short skirt and tight uniform top, but cheerleading began as a male sport. During the year of 1903, at a University of Minnesota football game, there was a group of six males that created a yell squad, which led to a male cheer fraternity called Gamma Sigma (iSport, History of Cheerleading). The Cheerleading State, which consisted of a group of males who led crowd chants during basketball and football games,...
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...Sport Psychology PE 511 Annotated Bibliography Coakley, J. (2014). Violence in sports: How does it affect our lives?. (11th ed). Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. New York, NY. McGraw Hill. The author goes into great detail discussing violence: defining it, giving an account for violence throughout history, discussing violence on as well as off the field, and how it affects the lives of various individuals. The author also goes into great detail informing his audience on the various types of violence one may encounter in the sports arena. Some issues may be small, but on the other hand some situations pertaining to violence and sports are very serious, and should be viewed accordingly. I think the intended audience can be applied to everyone who plays any sport, coach a sport, and anyone who goes to any type sports activities. This article is the foundation of my research and all other articles will add to this one. Jewell, R., Moti, A, and Coates, D. (2011). Violence and Aggression in Spectator Sports. Economics, History and Policy, Sports Economics, Management and Policy 4. (11). 11-26. The authors in this article make a lot of interesting points when discussing violence and aggression in spectator sports. This article in intended for people who are concerned with the violent acts that occur in sports. The author briefly discusses the history of sports in Mesoamerican and Greek cultures. The article also discusses the revenue that is made from...
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