...An Annotated Bibliography The topic of this paper will be the mental disorder schizophrenia, and what the potential is for the diagnosis to affect someone’s life. The paper’s main focus is to explain the harm of simply diagnosing an individual with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia and relating mood and psychotic disorders will be explained versus the severity range of the associated symptoms.Other topics that will be examined include the potential for over diagnosing of schizophrenia and the disparate amount of diagnoses awarded to african-american patients. The term schizophrenia has been around since early in the 20th century. Schizophrenia and other similar mental disorders have been the targets of many extensive studies in recent medical history. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective and other disorders that fall under a broad spectrum of intermingling symptoms can have crippling effects on the affected patient’s life, potentially including all aspects of their personal and social life. Such mental disorders have had a long-standing history of association with the poor and underprivileged, despite this, many individuals with such disorders have managed to cope with their symptoms and lead successful lives. Despite extensive research, there are few definite answers as to a cause for such disorders and diagnosis do not include any sort of physiological evidence. Because of the history of violence or instability associated with such disorders there is now a social...
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...written on schizophrenia. I will discuss what schizophrenia is. I will discuss the history behind this chronic disease. Also, who is affected by it? In addition, how common it is in some people. And, I will talk about the different types. Furthermore, I will discuss the causes of schizophrenia. If schizophrenia is hereditary? And the different types of symptoms. Also, how it is diagnosed. Lastly, I will talk over the treatment for people with schizophrenia. What is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness. It is considered one of the psychotic mental disorders and is described by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems associated with schizophrenia are described as psychosis, in that the person's thinking is completely out of touch with reality at times. An example of this would be, the sufferer of this disease may hear voices or see people that are not actually present or feel like bugs are crawling on their skin when there are none. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, behavior, physically rigid, significantly decreased feelings, and delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality (for example, the individual might experience paranoia, in that he or she thinks others are plotting against them when they are not). What is the history of schizophrenia? The term schizophrenia has only been in use since 1911. The word "schizophrenia" is less...
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...Wilkerson University of Phoenix HCA/240 Brandi Sillerud June 27, 2010 Mental Illness Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder that distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others. People with schizophrenia often have problems functioning in society, at work at school, and in relationships. It is a life-long disease that cannot be cured, but usually can be controlled with proper treatment. Schizophrenia is not a split personality, which was a popular belief. A person with schizophrenia cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. A sudden change in personality and behavior, which occurs when people lose touch with reality, is called a psychotic episode. Schizophrenia varies from person to person. Some people have only one psychotic episode while others have many episodes during a life time, but live a relatively normal life between episodes. Schizophrenia symptoms worsen and improve in cycles known as relapse and remissions. Schizophrenia There are several types of schizophrenia and some may have the same symptoms. The different types of schizophrenia are named based on symptoms. The different types include: 1. Paranoid Schizophrenia 2. Disorganized Schizophrenia 3. Catatonic Schizophrenia 4. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia 5. Residual Schizophrenia The most common type is paranoid schizophrenia, which causes a person to have fearful thoughts and hear threatening voices. It interferes with...
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...Schizophrenia has affected people throughout history and is the least understood of the major mental illnesses. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe and disabling brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Contrary to what people believe, schizophrenia is not a split personality or multiple personality disease. According to the “Mayo Clinic” (n.d.), “The word ‘schizophrenia’ does mean ‘split mind,’ but refers to a disruption of the usual balance of emotions and thinking.” Families and society are also affected by those who suffer from schizophrenia because people who suffer with schizophrenia have difficulty holding down jobs or even caring for themselves which means they have to rely on others for help. There are five types of schizophrenia and each type is based on what symptoms the person is experiencing during the assessment. • Paranoid schizophrenia is when the person is preoccupied with one or more delusions or auditory hallucinations but they do not have symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia. • Disorganized schizophrenia is when the person is showing prominent symptoms of disorganized behavior or speech and their affect is flat and or inappropriate. • Catatonic schizophrenia is when the person is experiencing at least two of the following symptoms: difficulty moving, resisting moving, excessive moving, and abnormal movements and or repeating what others do or say. • Undifferentiated type is when the person shows two or more of the following symptoms:...
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...Mental Illness Schizophrenia HCA/240 October 21, 2012 Marnie Bingham Mental Illness Schizophrenia The Greek word schizophrenia (split mind) is less than 100 years old. Bénédict Augustin Morel was first to diagnosis the disease in the mid1800’s. Emil Kraepelin was however first to do extensive research on the disease. The disease was first called the disease dementia praecox because it was believed that the condition was a form of early dementia. The condition of dementia praecox was then called schizophrenia in the late 1900’s by Eugen Bleuler because the disease was found to not relate to actual dementia at all. Schizophrenia could have been around for much longer however, there are recorded behavioral traits of the disease in Pharaonic Egypt, as far back as the second millennium before Christ (The Internet Mental Health Initiative, 2012). There are many myths associated with the disease. In the early 1900’s people believed that schizophrenia was a form of demonic possession and praying could cure the illness. Some were believed to be witches or they had a curse on them. Some believed that they were blessed by god and talking to angels. The most common myth is schizophrenia means a person has a split personality. The term schizophrenia does mean split mind, however the term is used to define the mental breakdown of a person’s mind. Split personality disorder does exist however it is referred to as dissociative identity disorder and is considered an entirely different...
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...Schizophrenia Throughout history people with schizophrenia have been rejected and treated indiscriminately. According to the article, “Attacked by gods or mental illness?” in antiquity, a person with insanity was believed the result of demonic possession of the body. People that were severely mentally ill had been misdiagnosed, misunderstood, isolated in asylums, and killed. However, the study “Cognitive model and cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia” summarized the recent research using model methods of therapies with schizophrenic people, and giving them the chance to live an equal life, and be more acceptable by society. Culture and society play a great role in the way people think and behave. Also, cultures and society may...
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...Schizophrenia is a mental disorder involving the breakdown of thought processes and emotional responsiveness, and symptoms can range from paranoia and disorganized thoughts to more severe Hallucinations and delusions.Often confused in the public eye, Schizophrenia is not a split personality disorder or a "multiple personality disorder", it is best described as a "splitting of mental functions. The history of schizophrenia has not been particularly easy to record. First off, the word schizophrenia was used to describe the separation of function between thinking, personality, perception, and memory. Some scientists believe that the disease has always existed, only to be used as a diagnosis in the early 1900s. Before the modern term came to...
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...Assignment Each student will present a written case study of a selected patient with schizophrenia and provide a critical evaluation of the assessment, treatment and management of the patient utilizing relevant research evidence. The work should include the following areas: 1. A critical analysis of the assessment and diagnostic process 2. A critical analysis of the management/ rehabilitation-medical, nursing and other management 3. Appropriate referencing Methodology A random method was used to select the patient for this study. The patient was chosen from a cohort of patients on a psychiatric ward. The aim was to critique the assessment, treatment and management of a patient medically diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Various sources of information were utilized in the collection of information for this project. A research of this caliber demands that sources of information are peer reviewed current and of scholarly sources. Therefore it was with this in mind that the information was collected using internet medical portals, journal article and appropriate text books with a wide variety of information on the topic of choice. The patient’s docket was also used because it is a primary source of information about the management of the condition. Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired communication with loss of contact with reality and deterioration from previous level of functioning at work, social...
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...Schizophrenia, referred to as a split personality disorder, is a chronic, severe, devastating mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the population, equivalent to more than 2 million people in the United States. Statistics indicates schizophrenia affects men about 1½ times more frequently than women. (National Comorbidity Survey, 1994) It is a psychotic mental disorders characterized by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems linked with schizophrenia described as psychosis, in that the individual thinking is totally out of touch with reality. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, and behavior, physically or careless behavior, extensively decreased behaviors or feelings, as well as delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality. The term schizophrenia first introduced in 1911. In 1887, Emil Kraepelin deemed it a separate mental illness. Regardless of recent history, (Addington, Bouchard, Goldberg, 2005) described throughout written history. Ancient Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese, Greek, and Roman writings described symptoms comparable to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. During medieval times, schizophrenia, like other illnesses, often viewed as evidence of the sufferer possessed by spirits or evil powers. Schizophrenia is a multifaceted illness. Experts in the field are somewhat baffled as to what causes it. Some doctors believe that the brain may not be able to process...
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...This case study takes a look at a kid named Jim, who developed a long-term mental disorder called Schizophrenia. Although the precise cause of schizophrenia is not known, certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing the disorder. In Jim’s case, there are many factors that put him at risk for developing schizophrenia. Of the few, the most important factors are the old age of his father, the history of mental disorder in his mother, the mental stress Jim experienced as a result of his father’s hospitalization, and his frequent abuse of marijuana. Unfortunately, Jim’s brain is naturally targeted by the disorder because of these factors. Jim’s symptoms became apparent shortly after he graduated high school. He started feeling that he could mentally influence the way people think and act. Eventually, his hunch turned into a concrete belief, which in reality was an obvious delusion. Stemming from these initial thoughts, Jim started to become paranoid around other people and developed extreme anxiety because he thought they were aware of his powers. He also began to perceive hallucinations and voices in his head, which eventually led him to showcase his symptoms in front of his mother. All of Jim’s symptoms led him to the hospital bed, where he...
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...Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a disorder which affects how a person thinks, feels and acts. Someone with schizophrenia may have difficulty distinguishing between what is real, and what is imaginary. They may seem to be withdrawn, or have difficulty expressing normal emotions in social situations. In contrast to common stereotypes with schizophrenia the risk of violence towards others is small. Schizophrenia can cause behaviors, and they may be different for each individual. It can cause people to hear voices, hallucinate, or believe other people are controlling their thoughts. They may have trouble organizing their thoughts, or may feel as if their mind is racing from one unrelated thought to another. Many people with this disorder have difficulties maintaining basic hygiene, or keeping a organized home. It also can cause repetitive behaviors such as pacing. These behaviors can be frightening, and often lead to irrational behaviors. Schizophrenia affects men and women at the same rate, and occurs almost equally in all ethnic groups around the world. Symptoms usually begin between ages 16 and 30. The onset tends to be earlier in men, than in women. This disorder rarely begins during childhood, or after the age of 45. People with schizophrenia in their family may have a higher risk for being diagnosed with this illness. The exact cause of schizophrenia is still unknown. Although scientists recognize that this disorder tends to run in families, and that a person...
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...investigation will explore how schizophrenia was treated by doctors and how schizophrenics were treated by society. The concept of mental disorders wasn’t understood for a long time. Doctors and the psychiatric world have merely just grasping the concepts of schizophrenia and how it should be properly treated. In the past people with mental disorders were sent off to live in asylums, locked in cages, beaten, or killed. The religious view point was that the diseased were possessed by evil spirits and would be exorcised, or they used other dangerous methods to try and release the demons. Slowly the care for the insane started to develop. At first treatments and studies weren’t the most humane but as scientists started to understand mental illness it...
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...top ten most debilitating diseases. Schizophrenia is a long-term major mental disorder that affects several aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion, which makes it difficult to tell between what is real and unreal; it is also characterized by positive and negative symptoms. Either being acute with a rapid beginning and good hopes of resurgence or a chronic longer term course that builds over time. Such variation in symptoms leads to observations of discord in patients. “According to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and by some combination of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, movement disorder, and inappropriate emotional expressions” (Kalat, 2009, p. 449). The positive symptoms fall into two cluster (psychotic and disorganized) and represent behaviors that are distorted version of normal functions. Psychotic symptoms consist of delusions (unsubstantiated beliefs) and hallucinations (hearing voices, seeing things others do not or feeling things that are not there). Disorganized symptoms “consist of inappropriate emotional displays, bizarre behaviors, incoherent speech, and thought disorder” (Kalat, 2009, p. 449). The negative symptoms represent behaviors deficiency or absence that should be present. They include poor motivation, emotional expression, social interactions, cognitive functioning (speech and working memory). The history of schizophrenia starts with attempts to explain and categorize...
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...Schizophrenia has been in this world for many years and is still a disorder to this day. “Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939), a Swiss psychiatrist, first named the disease in a 1908 paper that he wrote titled ‘Dementia Praecox: Or, The Group of Schizophrenias.’ ” Schizophrenia can be classified as a disorder in the brain that can cause the patient to suffer from hallucinations, delusions, and possible withdrawals (Piotrowski). To better understand schizophrenia, it is important to recognize the symptoms, diagnose the condition, and evaluate treatment options. Recognizing the symptoms of schizophrenia can be simple or very complex. The symptoms vary from patient to patient. There can be multiple signs of schizophrenia referred to as positive and negative...
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...Schizophrenia presentation PSY 270 May 24, 2015 Grade-A Schizophrenia Presentation Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder for which there is no cure; however, it can be managed. Although researchers are not sure what causes schizophrenia, they think a person’s environment coupled with genetics play a significant role in the development of the disease. Studies indicate sensitivity to schizophrenia is inherited. Edwards (2011) stated, “Scientists believe that the interaction between genes and the environment are necessary for schizophrenia to develop” Edwards, R. D. (2011). Multiple factors such as viruses, malnutrition in utero, stress, drug use, problems during birth, and prenatal or postnatal injuries may be environmental factors involved in the development of schizophrenia. Evidence points to schizophrenia beginning early in a person's life even though symptoms may not be present until later when the disorder appears. Other factors may include abnormalities in the neurotransmitters called dopamine, and glutamate. It causes people to think abnormally, and exhibit various combinations of abnormal behavior. (Mayo clinic staff, 2014). According to Mayo clinic staff (2014), symptoms of schizophrenia include “hallucinations, delusions, extremely disordered thinking and behavior, social withdrawal, depersonalization (a sense of being unreal, hazy and in a dreamlike state)...
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