...what these terms mean, economists’ terminology is exclusionary. It makes economists the gatekeepers of economic ideas. Economists’ terminology serves as a barrier to entry, restricting the supply of economists, and increasing the value of the services provided by existing economists. Which of these two reasons is the strongest? To answer that question let us consider two examples given by Amanda Bennett, the author of The Wall Street Journal article, “Economists + Meeting = A Zillion Causes and Effects” [The Wall Street Journal, January 10, 1995]. The two examples are the concepts of externality and utility, Why do economists use these terms? Based on her article, and on my classroom experience, I would judge that, of the two reasons, the self-serving reason is the stronger. Essentially, economists create their terminology primarily to make life difficult for students. Consider the first example: externality. Why no simple call externalities “unintended side effects”? It would be much easier for students to comprehend. Or alternatively, consider the second, utilities. How much clarity can the concept, utility, provide when the text tells us that, essentially, it means happiness? If it means happiness, why not use the term, happiness? The very fact that Ms. Bennett can provide a simple translation of...
Words: 433 - Pages: 2
...How far do you agree that Hitler’s Regime was a ‘consensus dictatorship’? A consensus dictatorship is on that suggests Hitler’s regime was surrounded by a general agreement. This would mean that the majority of the German public were in cooperation with the Nazi regime and agreed with both the enforced and promoted concept of the regime. Hitler had mainly achieved this by trying to ‘ win over the hearts and minds of all non-Jewish Germans’ this would mean he would have the majority of the Germans citizens on his side. However, it is also suggested that many of the people had only consented due to fear which can be inferred from source 5 that it was the methods of the Nazi apparatus of terror that had led to the people conforming. Although source 6 suggests, even without terror which wasn’t completely enforced on ordinary Germans, the German public had ‘little difficulty in conforming’. As source 6 suggests ‘Nazi terror posed no real threat to most ordinary Germans’ so most people were easily persuaded by popular policies to consent to the Nazi regime. Source 6 agrees that the Nazi Regime was a consensus dictatorship as the public knew of the terror the minority groups faced but chose to ignore it due to their own self-interest and advantages of Hitler’s policies. Evidence from reports produced by the SOPADE and SPD who were in exile indicates that the people viewed Nazi policies positively. Unemployment had also reduced falling to 350, 000 by January 1939. This prosperity the...
Words: 1468 - Pages: 6
... experienced both the good and the bad. His father drank heavily, which left his family at his mercy. He usually beat his wife, kids, and sometimes even his dog. Most of his tempers were taken out on Hitler’s older half-‐ brother, who got the worst of the beatings since he was older. At age fourteen he ran away from home to escape from his father. That led to Hitler getting beat more often. His mother, Klara, on the other hand was completely opposite from Hitler’s father. She was often too caring and overprotective and that bothered Hitler as he got older because he longed to be independent. At age six, Hitler was finally able to get a small sense of freedom and self-‐independence when he entered Volksshule. According to his classmates, Hitler was very smart and excelled in academics. “Schoolwork was ridiculously easy, leaving me so much free time that the sun saw more of ...
Words: 2080 - Pages: 9
...attributes include beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Leaders often are charismatic, good communicators, and have the ability to motivate (Northouse, 2012). Leadership normally combines a goal that coincides with the leader’s beliefs. Leaders are usually perceived in positive light, although just because you are a leader does not mean it is for a virtuous cause. The objective of some leaders can be immoral. This type of leader is referred to as a pseudo- transformational leader. This type of leader is “self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented, with warped moral values” (Northouse, 2012, pg. 187). Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party and the Chancellor of Germany but the ramifications of his leadership had a devastating impact on Eastern and Central Europe. His leadership cultivated with the death of millions of innocent people and left the world traumatized. Background This paper will briefly highlight Adolf Hitler’s background as it had an effect on his leadership style. Adolf Hitler was born in Branuau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889. He was the second son of Alois and Klara Hitler. He had to deal with a lot of loss in...
Words: 2450 - Pages: 10
....................................................................... ii PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... v HITLER’S POLITICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS.............................................1 Personality and Goals..................................................................................................1 Hitler’s Grand Strategy?..............................................................................................3 HITLER AS A MILITARY LEADER.............................................................................9 Strengths.....................................................................................................................9 Weaknesses............................................................................................................... 12 Decision Making Process .......................................................................................... 15 HITLER’S MILITARY “MISTAKES”/”BLUNDERS”................................................. 18 Dunkirk “Stop” Order...
Words: 10450 - Pages: 42
...Treaty of Non-Aggression? by J. Michael Kays The Soviet Union and Nazi Germany were fairly similar, not just in the types of governments the two nations had, but the two individual dictators as well. Though their ideals were completely different, Hitler and Stalin had their countries and its people in their iron fists. Tensions rose in the summer of 1939, Hitler wanted to reclaim Poland for Germany but knew the British and French would protect Polish independence and that the Stalin would feel uneasy about this aggressive German state next to Soviet borders. Though Stalin's forces were weak from his military purges of commanders, Hitler didn't want to fight this war on two fronts such as what happened in World War I. As tensions kept rising all the major powers were fishing for potential allies, Hitler was cautious in his actions and hinted to Stalin that the two of them could divide Poland which caught Stalin's attention (1. German-Soviet). Before the start of World War II in September of 1939 Hitler sent a foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, to Moscow on the 22nd of August (1. German-Soviet). In the Kremlin Ribbentrop spoke with Stalin and his foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, where they discussed the proposal of a non-aggression pact. Hitler at first stated the pact would last 100 years though Stalin thought ten would suffice, the agreement also stated that "neither country would aid any third party that attacked either signatory" (1. German-Soviet)...
Words: 2493 - Pages: 10
....................................................................... ii PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... v HITLER’S POLITICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS.............................................1 Personality and Goals..................................................................................................1 Hitler’s Grand Strategy?..............................................................................................3 HITLER AS A MILITARY LEADER.............................................................................9 Strengths.....................................................................................................................9 Weaknesses............................................................................................................... 12 Decision Making Process .......................................................................................... 15 HITLER’S MILITARY “MISTAKES”/”BLUNDERS”................................................. 18 Dunkirk “Stop” Order...
Words: 10450 - Pages: 42
...3/20/2015 Final Examination Stable and unstable democratic outcomes may take many shapes and forms over regions and time and circumstance. Due to its nature, democracy is best fit in terms of incentives. Moreover, it is in a state’s vested interest in terms of democracy to adhere to gradual democratic change, in contrast to a political overhaul such as we see in Germany, France, and Italy. In these cases, democracy simply cannot thrive as democracy, by nature, requires gradual social change and must overcome bargaining costs and stabilizing change. The evidence that stands today, tested by the outcomes of history, maintains exactly this: democratic transition must be slow and concessional, thus mitigating the exit costs and cost of unilateral decisions or actions in terms of bargaining. Moreover, the difference between a stable and unstable democracy does not depend on education, economics, nor the middle class; rather, the success and stability of a democracy is formulated vis-à-vis it’s institutional factors. (Magagna 2/18). As actors, states are indeed rational and thus adhere to cost-benefit analyses in terms of bargaining power. In this analysis of political instability, it is evident that the sources are as follows: the potential benefits of transition exceed the costs of bargaining, fragmented party support creates a democratic deficit, linkage between democracy and redistribution, and the integration of violence unravels the social peace democracy needs to...
Words: 1848 - Pages: 8
...The rise to power of Adolf Hitler was not just some fluke of history, as many would have you believe. It was all part of a conspiracy planned out in advance by heads of multi national corporations, international bankers, and globalist politicians. The same forces that are behind the worldwide chaos we are witnessing now, were behind the rise of Hitler, and were directly responsible for World War II. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the most important causes that led to Hitler's rise in Germany. From the German point of view the treaty was incredibly harsh and devastating for Germany. The leaders of the allies drew up this treaty to purposely revenge and weaken Germany. The treaty contained five major points that would be Germany's demise. The first part was to revenge and weaken Germany. Many rules were laid down to Germany, which they had to obey. The German territory to the west of the Rhine would be occupied by allied troops for 15 years. The Germans did not like this because they did not want enemy troops in their own country. Even though the war was over they still hated the allies. Germany was not allowed to put any defences or troops on the east bank of the Rhine. This made Germany feel weak and vulnerable to invasion. They also hated the thought of a foreign president telling them what to do. Germany had to agree never to combine with Austria again. They had to strictly respect the independence of Austria. This was hard for both countries to accept as they both...
Words: 4437 - Pages: 18
...IB Diploma Programme Theory of Knowledge Essay Topic: Can we know when to trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge? Consider history and one other area of knowledge. Candidate Name: Akanksha Vardhan Candidate Number: 002602-064 School Name: BD Somani International School School Number: 002602 Word Count: 1597 Can we know when to trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge? Consider history and one other area of knowledge. Bertrand Russell, the 20th century British philosopher, once said, “Man is a credulous animal, and must believe something; in the absence of good grounds for belief, he will be satisfied with bad ones.” [1]In our daily conquest to acquire “justified true belief”, [2]it is important that we are aware of the ‘good’ and ‘bad’ influences that contribute to the experience, the pursuit of knowledge, in a way that we are able to consciously weigh the validity of our knowledge claims. Many romantic writers and poets in the early nineteenth century emphasized the importance of emotion in making sense of the world. John Keats once said, “Axioms in philosophy are not axioms until they are proved upon by our pulses” [3] referring to the superiority of our core emotions (happiness, fear, anger, surprise or even disgust) - the strong feelings deriving from our moods, circumstances or relationships with others[4], in gaining an accurate picture of the truth. However, is it possible that the ‘truth’ itself is more complex and what...
Words: 2038 - Pages: 9
...Woolf-Gurley English 1301-12123 The Life of Adolf Hitler The life of Adolf Hitler had always been a struggle since the day he was born till the very end of his life. You never really understand the situations people put themselves in and why until you really learn about them. Everyone may have their own personal opinions about someone but who is anyone to judge before they really understand the person completely. Each person has their own time line, and everything that has happened to them to make them the person they grow up to be, everyone has certain events throughout their lives that define them and help mold them into adults. Many people know of Adolf Hitler and why he was a part of history. They know of him as being responsible for the Holocaust, but very few know the reasons that led him to it. Born in Branau am Inn, Austria, on April 20, 1889, Adolf Hitler was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. In 1895, at age six, two important events happened in the life of young Adolf Hitler. First, the unrestrained, carefree days he had enjoyed up to now came to an end as he entered primary school. Secondly, his father retired on a pension from the Austrian civil service. This meant a double dose of supervision, discipline and regimentation under the watchful eyes of teachers at school and his strict father at home. His father, now 58, had spent most of his life working his way up through the civil service ranks. He was used to giving orders and...
Words: 4102 - Pages: 17
...Social responsibility is the ethical framework which suggests that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act for the benefit of the society as a whole. A historical example of failure to be social responsible is Adolf Hitler’s Nazi regime, during the World War II era. During that time Hitler’s ideology and lack of social responsibility towards the citizens led to the death of millions of people. The citizens of Germany were incapable of taking responsibility and standing up for the millions of people that suffered and died. The society of WWII Germany is similar to that of Salem’s in The Crucible written by Arthur Miller because one of the larger issues in the community is the lack of social responsibility from the citizens and judicial system causing the hysteria and deaths in the Salem witch trials of 1692....
Words: 631 - Pages: 3
...The end of the rule of Adolf Hitler came about when the Nazi Germany was defeated by the allied British in the year 1945[1]. Although Adolf Hitler was sparked World War II in Europe his defeat came in with destruction of property and loss of German lives because of his obstinacy, tough headedness and selfishness. Hitler’s poise that restricted him from accepting to surrender led to the destruction of infrastructure that he had already built. This paper aims to address the history of the Germans after World War II, the German economy and their living standards. The defeat of the Nazi Germany led to the split of Germany in a period known as the split of Germany after World War II. The country lost its war gains and territories in the East to the Soviet Union and Poland. The German population underwent much torture and suffering, about seven million of the German citizenry left Germany and died during their emigration because of starvation and hard labour. The most affected people were the prisoners serving their time in the prisons. Over ten million refugees who knew the German language well arrived in the country from other parts of the continent such as countries in Eastern and Central Europe[2]. Many of the German POWs were subjected to forced labour with industrial equipment...
Words: 1182 - Pages: 5
...it did not prevent Germany’s dynamism and expansionism. It took four years of war, and with the help of powerful USA to defeat Germany. If Germany still had the same ideas, but was faced a weak Europe with no balance of power and without the interference of the USA, another world would be certainty.5 However, this is confronted by another equally powerful thesis, it was the effect of the war and instable peace settlement and the consequences of the great depression that made a war inevitable.6 Ideology was very important and powerful. Fascism, Nazism and communism provided an alternative to democracy. However, because of the different ideologies it made it much more difficult for governments to act base on power politics and material interests.7 There were several different ideologies. First Italian Fascism ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini. Mussolini and Italian Fascism were representing as lacking in consistency, depth, and seriousness. Mussolini was full of contradictions, brutal,...
Words: 1704 - Pages: 7
...that he was either one but will always and forever be known as both. Erica Goode states that all the studies of the past show that he was a destrud human and that he wasn't right in his mind, “Hitler's aggression to his rage at his mother's doctor, and Robert Waite's ''The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler'' (Da Capo Press; $16.95), which concluded that Hitler was sexually perverse.” This is what Hitler psychologist states then. Providing this state ment show that he was not right when he was ruling Germany, many said that he was desnucial of what he thought. Studies show that he had a completely normal childhood with his sexulaty and hes pursanalty. Pointing out that it couldnt have nothing to do with his pass he states “ Hitler's childhood is that investigators have been able to find little there to foreshadow the adult he would become. He did not torture animals (though there is a single, often repeated, story about a billy goat), and from the little that is known, he seemed a fairly normal child, though sexually shy in adolescence.” Not giving any evidence that he wasn't a normal kid. Dr. Redlich points out some symptoms that fit Hitler “ paranoia, narcissism, anxiety, depression, hypochondria, to name a few -- and finds some evidence for every one. Proof that Hitler was overtly self-destructive or sexually perverse is sparser and less compelling, the author says.” Describing what he was assembled as. Erica Goode states that giving Hitler a diagnosis to the leader of the Nazi...
Words: 2143 - Pages: 9
