BIO-484 Human Anatomy
Professor Barton
Homework 2 Sprain vs. Strain * A sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament (ligaments stabilize and support the body's joints), the fibrous band of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with another. A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon (tendons are fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to bone).
Joints
Fibrous (synarthrodial) - Fibrous joints are fixed or immovable joints.
Suture, Syndesmosis (Gomphosis) and Interosseous Membranes
A suture joint. An example of a suture is the fibrous joints between the bones of the skull of an infant.
An syndesmosis joint connects two bones through connective tissue. An example is the tibio-fibular syndesmosis, the connective tissue that binds the ends of the fibula and tibia. A gomphosis joint is when one bone fits into another bone. The edges are bound together by connective tissue. An example of a gomphosis joint is a tooth in the jawbone. Cartilaginous: (synchondrosis and symphysis) - These are partly moveable joints where the bones are attached by either fibro cartilage or hyaline cartilage.
There are two types of Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis, which are temporary joints and symphysis which are permanent joints.
A synchondroses is a joint where the surfaces are close together, yet are bound by hyaline cartilage. An example of a synchondroses is at the ends of long bones.
An example of a symphysis joint is the attachment of one vertebra to another by an intervertebral disk, a fibrocartilage ring, in the vertebral column. This maintains stability.

Synovial: (diarthrosis) - Synovial joints are freely movable joints. They all have a synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the entire joint, a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the capsule) which secretes synovial fluid (a lubricating liquid) and cartilage known as hyaline cartilage which pads the ends of the bones.
There are 6 types of synovial joints. They are defined by the shape of the joint and the movement they provide.
Synovial-type joints can be further classified into three categories: uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial.
Plane Joint: Some found in the wrist or ankle.
Hinge Joint: the joint between the humerus and the ulna
Pivot Joint: Found in the neck and head which allows gliding motion (ulna-radius and humerus)
Condyloid Joint: examples I could find were only found in the wrist, between radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of carpus
Saddle Joint: Are U shaped bone ends found at the base of the thumb
Ball and Socket Joint: Between the Humerus and Scapula (shoulder)