...Hospitals Today vs. Hospitals 100 years ago Christy A. Hacker Beckfield College Have you ever broken a bone? Given birth to a child? Been rushed to a hospital in the back of an ambulance? Gotten a call in the middle of the night that a loved one has been hurt? Chances are in your lifetime at some point you will come in contact with a hospital. As you sit waiting and watching have you ever wondered just how hospitals came to be and how modern technology has evolved into that exact moment? Are the procedures the exact same as 100 years ago? Has technology really changed the way things are done…. and has it changed for the better or worse? Hospitals in the United States of America emerged from almshouses that provided care and custody for the ailing poor. Rooted in this tradition of charity, one of the 1st noted hospital opened in 1736. Bellevue Hospital in New York City was home to a 6 bed ward. The hospital as we know it today started to emerge about 60 years ago, beginning around the time of the civil war. The war itself kicked off the need for professional nursing, specialized departments and services. Doctors were in high demand. But was technology keeping up with the growing need for medical attention? Let’s look at how a setting a broken bone has changed over the years. The early writings of Hippocrates suggest that wooden splints were used to immobilize the bone. The ancient Greeks were known to use waxes and paste to create stiff bandages. Arabians were known to use...
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...Introduction “Hospitals in Early America were founded to shelter older adults, the dying, orphans, and vagrants and to protect the inhabitants of a community from the contagiously sick and the dangerously mental ill.” Hospitals were not utilized by the general public and were thereby, poorly staffed, dirty and contaminated. (Sultz). Hospital Care is the most efficient way to detect chronical illness. They have all the machine and technology to be able to identify and find a disease. They can store files, that can pinpoint patients records, so that they can be care for their patients. Historical development Medicine has a history spanning many thousands of years and specialized establishment for treating the sick have also existed for a long period of time. Even though hospitals functions have not changed much over the last century, technological and scientific process has made possible treatment approaches that could not have been made 100 of years ago. and have made a huge contribution to healthcare. The main differences between hospitals today and a century ago are improved surgical techniques, safer use of anesthesia, and safer childbirth procedures. Today, many people take anesthesia for granted and people can't imagine having surgery without it, anesthetics are widely used and even with minor surgery it is done with the application of these drugs. They have become less dangerous and the control over their usage is applied effectively. Another significant achievement...
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...It is the second Monday night in October and it is now 3 a.m. You cannot sleep. You are the CFO of Marysville General Hospital, a 300-bed community hospital in the Midwest. Your hospital board meets at noon on the second Tuesday of each month. You have a truly awful report to give the board, and you are dreading it more than anything else you've done in your 15-year career as a hospital senior manager. The target for days in accounts receivable (which the board and CEO set some years ago) is 55 days. When AR days are at 55, cash flow to the hospital is strong and you can meet all monthly obligations while putting some money away into investments for the hospital’s future. It has been several years now since the hospital has seen its AR at 55 days. There have been many factors, but AR has been in the 70–80 day range for some time now. Last month it crept up over 90 days, and this month you have the painful task of reporting to the board and CEO that the hospital is carrying 100 days in accounts receivable. You must come up with a plan to bring AR days back in line, and you will not be able to accomplish that alone. It will take cooperation from the medical staff, the clinical departments, health information management, the business office, and many others. But it must happen and it must happen soon, or your community could actually lose its...
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...Question 1: What do they have in common? Why do you think that is? The top 30 highest paying jobs are all jobs in the medicine industry. They all require at least 5 years of higher education and when you are done, you are considered a professional. I also believe that these jobs require a lot of responsibility because sometimes you have other people’s lives under your care. And a person that goes to a hospital doesn’t want anyone who isn’t a professional and undergone lot of learning and studying to take care of the surgery or chemotherapy. MDs in the US receive between 2 and 5 times as much in salary in comparison with most European countries and Canada. One explanation is that the numbers of medical schools in the US are relatively low compared to other industrialized countries and it restricts the number of medical students the country has, and ultimately the number of physicians. The number of law schools in the US has increased with about 50% since 1963 to 200 today. And the opposite has happened with medical schools. Today there are around 130 medical schools in the US which is 22% fewer than what they had 100 years ago. They used to have 166 even though the population has increased by 300%. While the number of medical students has more or less remained constant at 67,000 during 1994 until 2005. Now consider the factors that shift the demand curve – evaluate them for the market for recently graduated medical students. In general, would you expect the demand for medical...
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...1963. 53 years ago. What do you think of the year? It was before the iPhones even existed. Before there were old stuff which were about antique and discontinued today by most people. Well there was more to that than old school. In the novel, ‘The Watsons Go to Birmingham- 1963” (WGTB- 1963), a very clumsy 4th grader, Kenny Watson goes through many hilarious adventures while he and his family experience the year 1963. One of the adventures are when Kenny and his family go to Birmingham to see Grandma Sands and Kenny’s older brother Byron to stay there for behavior. When they arrive there, little does Kenny know that the year 1963 can impact heavily on him and his family, and other people of his race, black. But there are more impacts, effective...
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...bed. Golden Oaks is located on the grounds of Marion General Hospital, owned and operated by the hospital board of directors. It has been a very difficult day. Margie takes a deep sigh as she leans back into bed and says, “I’ll get into night clothes in a few minutes if that’s alright. I’d just like to sit here and think for a little while.” The nursing assistant nods in agreement Margie has just attended the funeral of her son William, who died this week after several years of poor life quality in the same nursing facility. William’s first stroke happened 3 years prior; two more strokes followed, and he lingered in poor health at the center over the intervening time. Margie is now 95 years of age, and William was 73 when he passed this week. The last 5 years have simply been devastating for Margie. First her husband Earl passed on at the age of 88. They had been married for 68 years, most of them wonderful and successful years together, until the medical problems began. They had one other son, Jacob, who died in a motor vehicle accident in his 30s. As Margie sits in the quiet of her nursing home room, she faces the reality that she is utterly and completely alone in the world. She and Earl had hoped for grandchildren, but that never happened, and Margie’s family is simply all gone now. Margie’s own health is poor. A hip fracture 10 years ago slowed her down significantly, and a heart attack 2 years ago nearly took her life. But she survived due to good emergency...
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...Polish Funerals Christianity in Poland has changed a lot in the last 100 years, in this paper I address the history in polish funerary traditions and what my family and family friends experienced when they had the unfortunately to experience a death. Back in the day, superstitions and spiritual customs were very important when dealing with the death of a loved one. The soul and spirit of the deceased were still are key elements in society’s culture. According to Martha Stortz in the article Grief and the Christian Funeral, says during a sermon “grieving works in both personal and social settings”. It is not just the family of the deceased that grieves but also the community comes together to help with the funeral. In the article Burial Rituals and Cultural Changes in the Polish Community by Igor Piekiewicz, states that death and bereavement rituals are separate though primarily focus on the deceased and the bereaved. Rituals are performed to purify the spirit and aid its transition process from the realm of the living toward the realm of the dead. Before the funeral, there is a censing of the body with blessed herbs and sprinkle it with holy water. This aims to pacify and protect the community from devilish spirits. Considering common beliefs about life, the nature of the world, and spirituality among the given religious culture. Igor Piekiewicz indicates that being strong in a community is important for the bereaved for consolation. Another tradition performed in the household...
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...are intended to simulate an actual consultation report that might appear in a clinical record and are not intended to be an exhaustive discussion of the issues raised. Case: Dorthea is a 69-year-old woman who was well and active until about five years ago when she developed diabetes. She was admitted to the hospital 18 months ago with recurrent fainting and was found to have an intermittent transient heart block1. She reluctantly consented to insertion of a permanent pacemaker. Three months ago her kidney function was found to be diminished to about 10% of normal, probably caused by her diabetes. It was expected that she would soon require dialysis. However, her kidney function has since improved so that dialysis will not likely be needed for some time. She has since said she would refuse dialysis even if it were needed, and she has refused treatment of her profound anemia. She did consent to a colonoscopy last month to see if she had cancer (malignant change was found in one small area, presumably cured). She is now asking that her pacemaker be turned off so that she can die. The ethics consultant met with the patient and two of her daughters. Dorthea says she wants to die now because (a) she misses her husband who died three years ago after 45 years of marriage; they were very close, did everything together, and she says she can’t live without him; (b) she can’t stand to live in their...
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...the product to customers to let them know it is available. Product, price, place, and promotion are referred to as the four Ps of marketing strategy.3 It is these four controllable variables that a firm uses to define its marketing strategy. The mix of these four controllable variables that a business uses to pursue a desired level of sales is referred to as the marketing mix. The definitions of the four major elements of marketing as discussed below provide the focus of this book. Product Product represents goods, services, or ideas offered by a firm. In this text, the term “product” also will be used interchangeably with health care services and ideas. In health care, the nature of the product has changed dramatically. Thirty years ago, one could define the product simply as a medical procedure or as an orthotic device to correct a physical disability. In today’s climate, the discussion of...
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...Identification Here at Marion General Hospital, there is a patient by the name of Margie Whitson, age 95, who is wishing (demanding) to have her pacemaker deactivated. She has provided the staff including the nurse, her primary physician, Dr. Vijay , and the social worker with her reasoning as to how and why she has reached this decision. It appears that no one has been able to change her mind; actually she is more adamant now more than ever. The dilemma that has presented itself here is should Mrs. Whitson request be granted; should her pacemaker be turned off although Margie' heart rhythm is now 100% paced meaning she is completely depending on the pacemaker for survival. Dr.Vijay has stated that he cannot deactivate due to ethical concerns. He does feels as a doctor he has did his job which was to save her life. To deactivate the pacemaker would be contradictory to his duties as a physician, and his human dignity. While on the other hand, a patient is generally allowed to make their own treatment decisions and the staff must respect their autonomy. Information As stated before Margie Whitson is a 95 year old lady who is a woman of great faith. She was married to her husband Earl for 68 years before his passing five years ago at the age of 88. Together they had two boys, one who died from a motorcycle accident in his thirties and another who spent three years with her at the same facility before passing a couple of weeks ago at the age of 73. There are no other family...
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...IT’S MY BIKE Debbie Martin was overjoyed when she was selected the new Supplier Quantity Manager for the commercial product division of Cold Air Corporation. In this role, she was responsible for monitoring the quality of component parts for twelve production lines scattered throughout the large manufacturing plant. When she started the new position, Debbie knew she would be faced with many opportunities and conflicts. Her immediate supervisor, the manager of shipping and receiving, was not known as an easy person to work for. He expected his subordinates to have a take charge attitude and to avoid bothering him with trivial issues. What Debbie had not envisioned was just how trivial and non-productive some of the conflicts in her new position would be. She certainly had not expected to be on the verge of a fistfight. Debbie was just starting her shift when she received a telephone call from Ronnie, one of her subordinates. Ronnie was a purchasing parts inspector, and was responsible for inspecting certain incoming parts for all production lines in the plant. He was complaining that the Airhandler Quality team had borrowed “the bike” for a special project and would not return it. He reminded Debbie of his current project and how covering the entire 15-acre plant on foot would only delay completion of the project. Debbie rolled her eyes as she thought about the logistics of inspecting component past’s three separate buildings. She also realized that Ronnie had a...
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...Walk into any hospital in the country and there will more than likely be a nursing staff that consists almost entirely of female nurses. However, while waiting to see a physician, you more than likely expect a male doctor to walk into the room. Both health professions deal with nurturing and caring for patients, so why is it that male nurses get such a bad reputation? They make up for 6.6% of the nursing population, an increase from 5.7% from 2006. (Shah) The answer may be found by looking into gender roles, stereotyping, and the history of nursing as a profession. Nursing began with the care of infants and children. Hundreds of years ago, mothers would have been considered to be nurses. However, when diseases started to spread, people soon realized that love and nurturing were not enough to heal the sick. Early practices of nursing can be correlated with the age of Christianity, "modeling its practice after the teachings of Christ, caring for the sick, feeding the hungry and burying the dead. Therefore, during this period the history of nursing is intricately tied to the Church" ("Gonursingschools"). After the crusades, the world was ready for change. One of these changes that took place would have a major impact on the history of modern nursing. The Establishment of an institute in German: "Deaconess Institute at Kaiserswerth, Germany. A small hospital was opened which included a training school for deaconesses. Their training system was a close parallel to the educational...
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...Many scientists are transporting them to better cultures. Many people have donated money and there is a competition for the best stories and the winner wins $10,000, half the proceeds go to Tasmanian devils charity. Multiple people are raising money for a vaccine that can cure the disease that 600 have left. A few tax professionals donated roughly $10,000 to the appeal for the Tasmanian devils’ charity. There is only little information about the vaccine that could cure them and save them. Many scientists and veterinarians are monitoring the few undiseased devils and will keep them safe. Now I am going to tell you about the physical description of the Tasmanian Devil. They are the largest carnivorous marsupials in size. In the dark, they can scare their prey by looking like a baby black bear. When they get fat, they store the fat in their tails so that they can move quicker. They are only fat when they are well fed. Many of the devils have cancer or (DFTD) which can cause lumps. The lumps only seem to appear on the head of face. They can’t eat if the lump appears on their mouth. If they can’t eat, then they starve to death. The illness was found in the 1990’s and we still have no cure for...
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...An instance of racism/discrimination I have experienced Melissa Moore SOC/100 Mona Engvig April 25, 2016 An instance of racism/discrimination I have experienced Introduction At some point or another we all have experienced racism or discrimination, it may have been due to our race, ethnic group, gender, religion, or sexual preference. Whatever the case it is never a good feeling, and it can make one feel as though they do not matter to society. There are many different instances of racism and discrimination, and sometimes can be very common in different social groups. However, it is still unethical and not right at all. The first time I really experienced racism/discrimination I recently started a new job at the local hospital in a nearby town where I reside. I live in a small rural area in Southeast Missouri, I grew up here and until about two and half years ago, I was gone for fifteen years, and decided to come back because my mother was getting sick, and I was missing my family, so my fiancé and I packed up and moved to my hometown of Essex, Mo. When I initially returned home, I immediately starting applying to all the hospitals, in the surrounding towns, that would not be an hour drive for me. And didn’t have any luck, but I did not give up, I kept putting in application after application with still no luck. So I finally had to make a grown up decision, and decided to go work at the one place I knew I would not have a problem getting a job. Tyson...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Why would the drug maker want to stymie generic competition? Explain. The best reason is cost. It takes an average of 8 years and $100 M US to bring a new drug to market. Because of such extreme costs, the manufacturer wishes to cash in as long as possible on the drug success as he has to recoup whatever costs were first put in for the research and development of the medication. A generic competitor, on the other hand, has no up-front costs to take into consideration. Once the product is off-patent, the competitor is free to isolate the formula and re-create the drug, all without the costs that still have to be paid out by the company and therefore back to the shareholders. By styming such rights, the manufacturer has a longer time to turn a profit, but more importantly, get the original investment back from the current users of the drug. What types of legal barriers to market entry exist? Research and development (patents--both as patent creation and then patent prosecution and protection) Costs Marketing streams (such as agreements with doctors, pharmacies, and hospitals to promote or utilize the drugs, and then making sure that the doctors legally and properly utilize the drugs) Significant legal barrier What are the possible ethical dilemmas present in this example? There are possible issues here with trade agreements, which are illegal under the Sherman AntiTrust Act. Also, there is an issue...
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