... About 2,200 inmates rebelled and seized control of the prison, taking 33 staff hostage. Prison officials continued negotiations with the inmates for 4 days. The prisoners continued to unsuccessfully negotiate with Correctional Services Commissioner Russell G. Oswald and then later with a team of observers that included Tom Wicker, an editor of the New York Times, James Ingram of the Michigan Chronicle, state senator John Dunne, state representative Arthur Eve, civil rights lawyer William Kunstler, Minister Louis Farrakhan, National Representative of the Nation of Islam and others. (The Attica Uprising, 2013) Authorities finally agreed to 28 of the prisoners' demands, however they would not agree to complete amnesty from criminal prosecution for the prison takeover or for the removal of Attica's superintendent. Finally the Governor Nelson Rockefeller ordered state police to overtake the prison and take back control. As a result of this tactic at least 39 people were dead, including ten correctional officers and civilian employees. (The Attica Uprising, 2013) On September 5, 1972, eight members of the Palestinian terrorist organization, Black September, snuck into the Olympic Village at the XXth Olympic Games in Munich, Germany. The Black September members raided the building housing the Israeli athletes. Two Israeli athletes were killed during the raid and nine others were taken hostage. After hours of failed negotiations the terrorists demanded a plane to take then...
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...and least of all a negotiation team. The Attica prison riot and the 1972 Olympic Terrorist attack both had the same things in common, hostages and demands. The following of these historical events led to a change in the application of crisis negotiation. Unit 8 The Attica prison riot began on September 9, 1971, in Attica, New York. There were about 1,000 rebelled and seized control of the prison. The reason for the riot was based on the prisoners' wanting better living conditions as the prison was over overcrowded at the time. There were 43 staff members taken hostage during the riot, which the prisoners for hostages and negations. For 4 days the prisoners made demands and the authorities agreed. Negotiations broke down over two key points. The prisoners wanted amnesty from criminal prosecution of the riot and the authorities wanted the removal of the prison’s superintendent. Once the hostages’ lives were threatened the prison was stormed, 39 people were killed, but control was regained of Attica. In the end between the riot and the storming of the prison 43 people were dead (NYSED, 2013). 1972 Olympic in Munich, West Germany was the scene of a terrorist attack. 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team, 9 were taken hostage by a group that called them self’s the Black September Organization. The BSO used the Olympic team members as hostages to demand the release of 234 prisoners that were being held in Israeli jails and others in the German prisons. Negotiations broke down...
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...victims were taken on a long sea voyage to Basilan and then marched deep into the jungle as the Philippine army followed them. Many hostages actually lose their lives during cross-fires between the army and the rebels. And there were also exclusive killings by the Abu Sayyaf because of the thought that some hostages would give them no value. With this horror, the hostages still try to believe that one day, they will be saved. ‘Captive’ is a French-Filipino-German-British co-production directed by Brillante Ma. Mendoza. It is freely drawn from Gracia Burnham’s 2003 book, “In the Presence of My Enemies,” which details her and her husband Martin’s 377-day ordeal at the hands of the Abu Sayyaf. Mendoza weaves a fictional account of the infamous abduction that has actually, the tug and horror of the real thing. And as a result, it was considered as the most realistic cinematic treatment yet of Muslim terrorism. ‘Captive’ is every bit a cinema vérité. Brillante Mendoza shot this film on the natural setting, mixing his actors with everyday people, and with little artificial lighting. It is effective in such a way that it conveys candid realism. The scenes in the movie are not over-dramatized and every moment on the screen, whether it reflects cruelty or compassion, it feels unnervingly real. The fact that it is a literal recreation of the 2001 hostage incident gives its...
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...States. However, many forget about a different terrorist attack, the aggression from the Iranians that humiliated American embassy members in 1979. Known as the Iranian hostage crisis, the siege at Tehran was a reaction by Iranian students towards American intervention in foreign affairs. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, also known as the Shah, had good relations with America but was hated by his people. After being thrown out of power, Ruhollah Mostafavi Moosavi Khomeini became the leader of Iran and opposed alliance with the United States. Medical treatment of the Shah and U.S. intervention lead to the Iranian...
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...The following paper serves to explain the thought process of acting upon the following scenario: You are a police psychologist for a major metropolitan area. You are also a member of its hostage negotiation team. You have just been called out to a crisis incident at 3:15 p.m. on a Friday. It is a residential area about three blocks from a middle school and a public library. The information you have at this time is that the subject is a 42-year-old male who is holed up in his house with his wife, son, and family friend. He has murdered his next-door neighbor and is threatening to kill those in the house if he does not get his demands. One of his demands is for immunity from the murder charge if he surrenders without harming any of the people in the house. He also wants a case of beer and some fast food soon or "something will happen". The focus of this essay is to explain the type of incident that has occurred, which category this hostage-taker falls into, and what my optimal role is in the situation as a police psychologist. Next will be to provide a plan and course of action to interact with the suspect, explain the precautions to be taken, along with the precautions I will request the department to take, express what fundamental problems that I as a police psychologist may be able to foresee in a prolong standoff and how to address them. Identifying the sources used to gather information regarding the perpetrator and the specific information that would be most beneficial...
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...Learning to talk outside gunpoint Boyd Fuller and Shriya Mohan, 8-1-2013 2 * Capturing hostages is believed to be the only way for Naxalites to get the government to lend them their ears. So by agreeing to talk only when kidnapped, are we not asking to be held at gunpoint? At left, Maoists during a training session in the Dantewada forest. (Right) Sukma Collector Alex Paul Menon, accompanied by an interlocutor, following his release by the Maoists in the forests of Chintalnar in Chhattisgarh, in May last year.— photos: Akhilesh Kumar * When Roger Fisher, negotiation guru and former director of the Harvard Negotiation Project, was once asked in an interview if he could really negotiate with a terrorist, he said, “I’d much rather listen to them than fight. A lot of times, they’ve got legitimate grievances packaged as extreme political positions.” Near the end of 2012, the government made an important move towards negotiations with the Maoists, promising to put in place Crisis Management Groups (CMG), which are essentially teams to negotiate hostage situations in Left Wing Extremist (LWE) States. Clearly, the two high profile Maoist kidnaps of last year — Collector Alex Paul Menon at Chhattisgarh and the Italian tourists at Orissa — created much national distress. But as we embark on combating a new year of conflict, let us reflect for a bit. Capturing hostages is believed to be the only way for Maoists to get the government to lend them their ears. So by agreeing...
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...The International Olympic Committee: Promoters of Peace or a Committee of Ignorance Throughout the history of the modern Olympics, numerous countries have boycotted the games due to political and social outcries. However, in very few cases has the International Olympic Committee reversed the favor and refused to invite specific countries to the Olympics to compete. These countries have included Japan, Germany, and even South Africa. Recent events of the past four decades have caused a loud uproar among countries and even organizations to exclude the country of Iran from the 2012 Olympic Games in London. It is found to be an evident case that Iran is an example of a country that completely contradicts the Olympics’ purpose in a variety of ways and therefore should not be allowed to contend. In the past century, three countries have been denied the right to compete in the Olympics for different reasons that the IOC believed as unforgiveable. According to Larry Zuckerman (2004), in 1920 and 1924 Germany was banned from the Olympics after WWI due to inhumane acts during the war such as the mass killings, lootings, and burnings of towns known as the Rape of Belgium. They were also ostracized due to their direct influence of bringing Europe into the war. In 1948, both Germany and Japan were not invited to the London games. According to George Duncan (n.d.), the two countries attributed to the massacre of civilians such as the genocide of the Jews by the Nazi’s, and the mass killings...
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...Relativism and Morality In this article, “Some Moral Minima” by Lenn E. Goodman, he expresses his views about situations that he feels that are wrong. He explains and argues the wrong in murder, terrorism, hostages, slavery, rape, polygamy, and incest. He provides detailed examples of why he believes these things are wrong. I agree with him on these issues that are proven to be wrong morally. I do not believe that any one should take advantage of another person in any way i.e. discriminating or taking their life because it is unmoral in my opinion. One of the main points that the author wrote about was murder. Murder is a wrong and unmoral act and I do not feel any individual should have the right to end someone’s life for no reason at all or even if there is a reason. Who has the right to take a life? Goodman states “Murder is wrong because it destroys a human subject”. (pg.88 par.9) In Genesis 9:6 the Bible states “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed” and the only time I feel someone should be killed is if they are in the process of harming another individual’s life or if they have taken someone’s life. For example, if a person is in danger it should be a giving right for them to defend themselves and if someone kills another person they should be persecuted and put to death. In his article one of the types of murders he talked about was genocide. Genocide is type of murder that targets individuals as members of a group, seeking to destroy...
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...State of Security Westfield Shopping Town By: Jeremy Howell ITT Tech CJ261 I. Introduction In this report you will find information collected during a security survey conducted at Westfield Shopping Town located in Toledo, Ohio. This will include a brief a description and the subject matter evaluated. The state of security for this establishment will also be assumed from the results of the conducted research. Lastly I will include some viable recommendations for improvement and sustainment. II. Description Opened in the mid-1970s, this is currently Toledo’s only successful enclosed mall. Franklin Park was recently acquired by Westfield America and is anchored by JCPenney, Macy’s, and Dillard’s. It is the ‘destination mall’ for the metropolitan area, and of many up market and trendy stores this is their only Toledo location. It was expanded and renovated in May 2005 to increase the total square-footage of the mall by 40% to over 1.2 million square feet of selling space. Franklin Park also has a new 16-screen Cinema De Lux movie theatre, Borders, and several destination chain restaurants. While located in rural Toledo, Ohio it is neighbored by residential housing and several other business and has operational hours of Monday through Saturday 10:00am to 9:00pm and Sunday 11:00am to 6:00 pm. Some tenant store hours vary in relation to mall hours. III. State of Security The state of security is within acceptable working parameters. The security force is somewhat lax...
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...MCI 0210D MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE TERRORISM AWARENESS FOR MARINES MARINE BARRACKS WASHINGTON, DC UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE 912 CHARLES POOR STREET SE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD DC 20391-5680 IN REPLY REFER TO: 1550 26 Mar 2012 From: Director To: Marine Corps Institute Student Subj: TERRORISM AWARENESS FOR MARINES (0210D) 1. Purpose. The subject course provides instruction on terrorism awareness for all Marines. 2. Scope. This course gives an overview on terrorism and provides guidance to individual Marines on terrorism and its effects. 3. Applicability. This course is designed for the Marine, private through general officer, in all MOSs. 4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are invited and will aid in subsequent course revisions. Please complete the course evaluation questionnaire at the end of the final examination. Return the questionnaire and the examination booklet to your proctor. M. S. REICHENBAUGH By direction (This page intentionally left blank.) Table of Contents Page Contents ............................................................................................................................ i Student Information .......................................................................................................... iii Study Guide ............................................................................................................
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...Irregular Warfare in Somalia Introduction Irregular warfare can be defined as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. Irregular military in this case refers to a substandard form of military recruitment that does not comply with national and international military guidelines. This means that the people recruited in the army are not qualified in terms of age and education. Some of them are children who are trained in hostile environments and taught to adopt and become terrorists. This is the case for Somalia. Somalia is an eastern African country that borders Kenya to the west, Ethiopia to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. For the past few decades, the country has gained international attention due to the challenges of warfare facing the country. It has become a breeding zone for the Al-Shabaab community that is responsible for a number of attacks in neighboring and overseas countries (Le Sage, 2010). Being opposed to the leadership of the government, this group is responsible for perpetrating a variety of irregular warfare activities including terrorism and pirating. Irregular Warfare Activities As identified above, the major threats of the Al-Shabaab military group include terrorism and pirating. Despite advancement in technology of the west, this group has been in the forefront in impacting the world with a sense of fear and horror. Whenever an attack occurs, people are anxious to know the...
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...Many victims are often beaten, raped, denied of food and water, tortured, and drugged in order for the captor to obtain complete obedience from their hostage. These torture mechanisms are either a system of punishment for the victim being disobedient, or serve as a scare tactic to prevent the victim from trying to escape or cause attention when in public. For a victim of human trafficking, traumatic events pose a long-term threat to their daily lives or physical well-being. Typical reactions to traumatic events, like human trafficking, involve physical and psychological effects. Physical reactions can be headaches or stomach pains, changes in sleep and eating patterns, drug or alcohol use, and also possible heart problems. Psychological reactions may include nightmares and flashbacks, isolation and detachment, panic, problems with trust and also many others. In some cases, the exposure to trauma...
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...Relativism and Morality: The Truth of Universal Morality SOC 120 Monica Jones August 13, 2012 Relativism and Morality: The Truth of Universal Morality Lenn Goodman explains in Some Moral Minima that there are many norms in terms of morals. Such subjects that Goodman mentions is slavery, polygamy, rape, incest, clitoridectomy, terrorism, hostages, child warriors, genocide, famine, and germ warfare. These topics send a shiver down the spine of most people. There is a deep moral understanding of right and wrong when it comes to such things as Goodman mentions. These topics expand past any country or culture boundaries. This is a matter of being human and understanding what penetrates the core of our humanity. Things such as slavery, hostages, and forced famine are all things that strike at the very heart of humanity. Humanity is the basic connection between all races, cultures, and connects our overall existence as a whole. Once our humanity is chipped away at by another we can see where the wrong doing lays. The preservation of life and the freedom to live life is what is most wrong to take away. Essentially a moral norm is things that our universal human morality should prevent that rob others of life, dignity, survival, and one’s own will. The targeting of one culture for mass murder is universally wrong for robs others of life for something completely out of their control. Genocide is a destruction of a race or culture past, present, and future generations. Morally, this...
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...But in 2015 the conflict took a bad turn, when a hostages situation involving miskitos as the perpetrators and the mestizos as the victims pushed tension to the breaking point. Activating as further motivation for either side to continue the conflict as it further develop throughout the years before the first casualty. With the current administrative body of nicaragua under president daniel ortega seeming to pick one side over the other instead of trying to stop the conflict. The land dispute between the Miskitos and the Mestizos ethnic group, over the Caribbean coastal lands of Nicaraguan is an ever developing conflict since the 1980s to the present that has forever changed the history of the country as both ethnic group battle for control of the...
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...be treated just where it’s visible – every diseased cell in the body must be destroyed.”-David Hackworth I. What is Terrorism? Terrorism is defined as “the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.” Terrorism is also defined as the “unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” The U.S. Department of State defines “terrorism” to be “premeditated politically-motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” Some facts about terrorism: 1. Terrorism is the act of destruction performed by a person or group of persons on behalf of an established government. 2. Terrorism is the act of destruction performed to restore the imaginary injustice. 3. Terrorism is the destruction of people on behalf of an established government agency against another country, is considered as war, not terrorism. 4. If destruction of people or property is undertaken by or on behalf of an established government on its own territory, it is considered a matter of policy, not terrorism. 5. If destruction of people or property is undertaken without justification, it...
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