...Inc. or Walmart is a multinational retail organization that has numerous chains of large discount warehouse and general stores. The company was formed in 1962 by Sam Walton as a family-owned business. It was incorporated in 1969 and traded on the Stock Exchange of New York publicly in 1972. Since then this organization has grown strength to strength winning various accolades. In 1988, it was ranked as the most profitable retail business in America outselling competitors such as K-Mart and Sears in the retail business (Fishman, 2006). It was founded on Sam Walton’s quest for providing goods and services at relatively low or discounted prices. The Walmart principles have been hinged on cost-cutting while at the same retailing goods at consumer-friendly prices. The organization too, has been hailed for its global standard efficiency and business innovations. It was one of the first corporations that integrated use of computers in its operations in all its branches. The mission statement reflects on the founder’s business model of passing savings to his clientele and amassing profits through volume sales. This principle has made consumers feel more welcome and their needs taken care of over the years. The cost-cutting initiatives embraced by the company operations have been as a result of this old age philosophy Walmart has spread its wings world over opening up over 8,500 branches operating under 55 different brands. The company has wholly owned corporations in North America (Canada)...
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...world economy more so the airline sector, with this in mind the term paper focused on the impact of changes in the international business environment on the airline industry. International business environment is viewed as the most contexts for international business and comprehending how forces in this environment impact the business operations is the difference between business failure and success. To this end, the research established various changes in the business environment that have taken place in political, economic, financial and socio-cultural circles. Political changes especially the Arab spring have had far reaching impact on the airline sector with fall in passenger numbers to these destination as well as the rise in fuel prices negatively impacting the growth of the industry, political instability in other areas as well as laws regulating the airline sector have been on the rise as countries seek to protect local airlines, the economic crisis slowed down the growth of the sector but with the recovery process on track, the airline industry is expected to grow into the foreseeable future, issues such a new taxes for example carbon tax in Europe, the unstable foreign exchange market and inflationary pressures continue to impact the industry growth. Financial changes after the 2008 financial crisis have also affected the sector with stringent borrowing terms imposed as well as regulation on remuneration and benefits schemes for top managers imposed by amendments in...
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...(GIE) International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM, is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation with headquarters in Amonk New York, United States IBM operates in five segments: Global Technology Services (GTS), Global Business Services (GBS), Software, Systems and Technology and Global Financing. GTS provides IT infrastructure services and business process services. GBS provides professional services and application management services. Software consists of middleware and operating systems software. Systems and Technology provides clients with business solutions requiring advanced computing power and storage capabilities. Global Financing invests in financing assets, leverages with debt and manages the associated risks. The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Company Computing (CTR) through a merger of three companies: the Tabulated Machine Company, the International Time Recording and the Computing Scale Company. CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924.In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the #2 largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (433,362), the #4 largest in terms of market capitalization, the #9 most profitable, and the #19 largest firm in terms of revenue. In December 2012, it acquired Kenexa. In February 2013, it acquired StoredIQ Technology advancements have forever changed the way business is done, and opened new opportunities to reach markets and advance enterprise capabilities. Internet...
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...Description | Page No. | 1 | Components of SWOT Analysis | 5 | 2 | Components to be considered in PESTLE Analysis | 8 | 3 | Macro Environmental Forces Impacting any Organization | 10 | 4 | Modes of Entry for International Businesses | 11 | 5 | Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions- Comparison between Thailand and Norway | 17 | Introduction The globalization of the world economy has prompted organizations to expand their business market ventures. One of the strategies through which an organization can expand their business in the international context is by operation as a multinational company (MNC). The characteristic of a MNC is that it operates in multiple countries. The transformation towards adaptation of the MNC strategy has been due to the advantages the organization can benefit from compared to the other strategies. With the advent of improved communication and the advancement of technology, organizations such as Telenor have been able to expand their operations in multiple countries. (Hollinshead, 2010) Telenor is one of the world’s largest mobile and telecommunication providers, which spand across 11 different markets, comprising of over 148 million subscribers. With a strong foothold in Central & Eastern Europe and the Asian markets, Telenor has established themselves as a top 500 global corporation by...
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...management strategies in practice: Case-study findings in multinational firms Irene K.H. Chew* Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Frank M. Horwitz* University of Cape Town, South Africa, and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Competitive pressures have increased the strategic value of a skilled, motivated and adaptable workforce, and the HRM strategies to support and develop it. A strategic perspective of HRM requires the firm to identify and adopt human capital initiatives likely to enhance competitiveness and shareholder value. A key question considered here is the extent to which multinational firms adapt internally consistent human resource strategies across national boundaries to address these issues. Case-study data on how eight multinational firms in Singapore apply strategic approaches to human resource management are presented. Findings show that while some adaptation considering local context occurs, the diffusion of headquarters and centrally initiated, but competitively differentiated strategies across cultural boundaries, is significant. Effective human resource strategies were understood as ‘configurational’, integrated both vertically and horizontally. Keywords: convergent/divergent practices, human resource strategy, multinational firms There is a paucity of empirical, especially case-study research on human resource management (HRM) strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs) in South East Asia in general and Singapore in particular...
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...interdependent world economy. International Business: Any business that has productive activities in two or more countries (multinational enterprise - MNE). *Globalisation of markets: Merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into a global marketplace in which the tastes and preferences of consumers in different nations are beginning to converge. However, significant differences in culture, politics and economies exist between countries and adaption of products and strategies to local conditions is often necessary for international business to succeed. *Globalisation of production: Sourcing goods and services from locations around the globe in an attempt to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (labour, energy, land and capital), thereby allowing them to compete more effectively against their rivals Example: Boeing aircrafts use companies s for all over the world for different components (e.g UK, France, Canada, Sweden) Firms are better able to respond to international customer demand due to improvements in transportation technology e.g jet transport; temperature controlled containerized shipping and co-ordinated ship-rail truck systems *Globalisation of institutions: Institutions are needed to help manage, regulate and police the global marketplace and promote the establishment of multinational treaties to govern the global business system. Environmental factors facilitating globalisation 1. Liberalisation:...
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...2 Contents Page Introduction 3 1. The concept and essence of globalization 1. What is globalization 5 2. History of globalization 11 3. Different types of globalization 13 2. Effects of globalization 2.1 Positive effects of globalization 19 2.2 Negative effects of globalization 21 Conclusion 23 Endnotes 24 Bibliography 25 3 Introduction Today it is really difficult to find a more fashionable and a discussion topic as globalization. Dozens of conferences and symposia, hundreds of books and...
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...Seventh Edition INTERNATIONALEDITION INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT MANAGINGACROSSBORDERS AND CULTURES TEXTANDCASES Helen Deresky Professor Emerita, State University of New York-Plattsburgh Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo PART OUTLINE Chapter 1 Assessing the Environment—Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Chapter 2 Managing Interdependence: Social Responsibility and Ethics Assessing the Environment Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Outline Opening Profile: Economic Crisis Spreads Through Financial Globalization The Global Business Environment Globalization Globality and Emerging Markets Effects of Institutions on Global Trade Effects of Globalization on Corporations Regional Trading Blocs The European Union (EU) Asia Comparative Management in Focus: China's Economy Keeps on Chugging. The Americas Other Regions in the World The Russian Federation The Middle East Developing Economies The African Union The Globalization of Human Capital The Global Manager's Role The Political and Economic Environment Political Risk Political Risk Assessment Managing Political Risk Managing Terrorism Risk Economic Risk The Legal Environment Contract Law Other Regulatory Issues The Technological Environment Global E-Business Conclusion Summary of Key Points...
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...United States of America. 4 1) BMW i8 target market in UK and US: 4 2) The key messages of BMW 5 3) An examination of the marketing communications tools and media used 8 Advertising: 9 Sales promotion 11 Direct marketing & personal selling 11 Public relations 11 4) Similarities and differences of the marketing communications in UK and US. 11 5) How the communication activities are helping BMW 13 The key challenges of practicing IMC of BMW: 14 1) The key issues impacting upon BMW’s IMC: 14 2) Measurement of level of IMC evident: 16 Recommendations on further use of the tools/media 18 Conclusion 19 References 20 Appendices 26 Appendix 1: Planning and Implementing of IMC 26 Appendix 2: Factor impacts on customer’s purchasing in UK 27 Appendix 3: Factor impacts on customer’s purchasing 27 Appendix 4: Levels of IMC 28 Appendix 5: Four pillars of IMC 28 Introduction This paper provide an overview about the integrated marketing communication of BMW Corporation for the BMW i8 model in the United Kingdom and the United Stated. In those markets, the BMW i8 is considered as the first car that revolutionized in utilization and release values of a sport car. The purpose of the paper is to give information about the strategies of BMW in order to announce the BMW i8 to customers by using marketing communication methods and media and then analyse how BMW Corporation applied integrated marketing communication. ...
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...3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page i International Human Resource Management 3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page ii 3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page iii second edition International Human Resource Management edited by A n n e - Wi l H a r z i n g J o r i s Va n R u y s s e v e l d t SAGE Publications London l Thousand Oaks l New Delhi 3122-prelims.qxd 10/29/03 2:20 PM Page iv © Anne-Wil Harzing and Joris van Ruysseveldt, 2004 First published 2004 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Olivers Yard London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B-42, Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 100 017 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7619 4039 1 ISBN 0 7619 4040 5 (pbk) Library of Congress Control Number...
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...Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 3 2.0 Introduction 4 3.0 Current External Marketing Situation 4 3.1 External/General Environment analysis and Trends 4 1 Demographic Segment 4 2 Economic Segment 5 3 Political/Legal Segment 6 4 Social-Cultural Segment 6 5 Technological Segment 8 3.2 Detailed Market Analysis and Projected Demand 8 1. Market Size 8 2. Market Growth Rate 9 3.3 Industry Analysis Including Porter’s Five Forces 9 1. Threat of New Entrants 9 2. Bargaining Power of Supplies 10 3. Bargaining Power of Customers 10 4. Power of Substitutes 11 5. Intensity of Rivalry 11 3.4 Competitors Analysis 11 4.0 Current Internal Analysis 12 4.1 SWOT of the Business and the Product/Service 12 1. Strengths 12 2. Weaknesses 13 3. Opportunities 13 4. Threats 14 4.2 Issues and Risk Analysis 14 1. Strategic Risk 15 2. Operational Risk 15 3. Political Risk 15 4. Country Risk 15 5. Technological Risk 16 6 Environmental Risk 16 4.3 Ethical and Corporate Socially Responsible Behavior 16 5.0 Identify a Commercially Viable Market Opportunity 17 5.1 Market Opportunity Including Potential Segments of the Market and Justification 17 5.2 Define the Value Provided 17 5.3 Positioning statement 18 6.0 Marketing Plan Objectives 19 7.0 Conclusion 20 8.0 References 20 Executive Summary Starbucks was a small coffee shop opened by Gerald Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Ziev Siegl in 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company has...
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...Contents overview List of figures List of tables List of mini case studies Acknowledgements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Introduction to International Marketing The International Marketing Environment The International Marketing Information and Research Process International Competitive Marketing Strategies Market Selection Decisions and Entry Strategies Management of Exporting and Importing International Marketing Operations and Planning Product and Brand Decisions for International Marketing Service Strategies for International Marketing International Channels of Distribution and Logistics Management Pricing Decisions in International Markets Integrated International Marketing Communications International Business-To-Business Marketing Retail Internationalization and Marketing The Internet and International Marketing Ethics and International Marketing Index xix xxi xxiii xxiv 1 34 68 104 138 172 209 239 274 303 335 367 401 430 454 478 507 Contents List of figures List of tables List of mini case studies Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to International Marketing Introduction The nature of international marketing Contextual determinants of international marketing Historical development Definition of international marketing Relationship with other business fields A theoretical framework for international marketing Approaches to internationalization Factors causing internationalization The process of firms’ internationalization A holistic approach The motivation...
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...-Starbucks transferred employees to the Japanese operation -all employees went to training classes -stores had to adhere to design parameters established in US -took its success here and went to other foreign markets -purchases mainly Fair Trade Certified coffee to promote environmental responsibility -Starbucks has shown that glo Globalization (shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy): +: Expand revenue by selling around the world and reduce costs by producing in nations where lower input costs -: increases competition and drives price down Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace Most global markets are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over such as market for commodities (aluminum, oil, and wheat), industrial products (commercial jet aircraft), computer software, and financial asses Firms follow eachother around the world so greater uniformity replaces diversity Globalization of production: sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (i.e. labor, energy, capital) Vizio and the market for flat panel tvs Production for flat panel displays migrates around the globe to low-cost locations. US consumers have benefitted from the falling prices of flat panel TVs Taken advantage...
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...Abstract Literature relating to business culture focuses on a regional view rather than a situational one. Business habits are considered to be driven by local culture. The researcher was motivated to question this assumption by considering the attitudes of business managers in starkly different environments but similar business constraints. Does a mid-sized business in USA think very differently from a mid-sized business in a developing country? Are the process and human resource management orientations similar or different? Developing countries are rife with low infrastructure capability, lack of government support and competitive market while developed countries can lobby for support in their bid to capture large markets. A democratic business owner in a fundamental environment will bow down to local needs at the time of recruitment but allow freedom within the workplace for ideas to flow. By the same token, a highly democratic country may have businesses that demand blind faith in the management among the employees. The researcher proceeded to conduct a survey of similar sized firms operating in USA and Iran. One country stands for freedom of expression while the other is known for religious fundamental beliefs. A survey of managers was carried out in a bid to understand attitudes with respect to strategy, communication, technology and human resource management. The finding was that while local culture creates a certain competitive environment, the running...
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...University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2.1 2.2 Definitions and indicators of globalisation Key drivers and facilitators of globalisation Case Study 2.3 2.4 Barriers and inhibitors of globalisation Comparing the costs and benefits of globalization Case Study 2.5 International trade and foreign direct investment Case Study 2.6 Applying Porter’s diamond model 21 21 22 25 27 29 31 32 36 36 40 43 43 44 Self-assessment questions...
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