...Effects of Cellphone Use While Driving The reason I oppose the use of cell phone during driving is because I was once engaged in a cellphone use while driving that totally distracted me as it diverted my concentration off the road. This happened to me years ago, while I was driving home from work, I made a quick phone call to my mother and at the same instant the car swerved onto the side of the street and almost hit a pedestrian crossing the road. I realized that the risk of taking my eyes off the road for a split second could cause an injury and even fatal accident. It will show the audience why this issue matters to me, and why it should to them. Using a cell phone while driving is dangerous and increases the chance of getting into a car accident. Therefore, texting ban should be implemented to reduce the number of accidents on the road. Cellular phones serve as useful convenient methods of communication. It has become an important communication tool that is used by people all over the world to keep everyone connected. However, the increase use of cellphone while driving is becoming a significant cause of automobile accidents because it decreases a driver’s awareness and attentiveness resulting in driver’s being distracted and impaired driving abilities. It is true that cell phones can also be very useful, but when automobile drivers use them while driving, it becomes a very high distractor because it distracts the driver, impairs the ability to control the vehicle and...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, Lupe Contreras PSY 300 July 3, 2012` Osagie Amayo Sensation, Perception, and Attention An individual’s attention is affected by their sensation and perception of the environment. Learning Team A (Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, and Lupe Contreras) discussed their personal comfort levels of learning in environments with different levels of auditory stimuli. Through this discussion, Learning Team A concluded that it was easier for them to learn in an environment with little to no outside auditory stimuli as opposed to a noisy environment. Increases in auditory stimuli can cause divided attention, which is not typically conducive to learning and memory retention. The threshold for auditory stimuli is defined as the slightest perceptible sound (American Psychological Association, 2009). Dichotic listening, also known as the “Cocktail Party Effect”, is the ability to focus on the auditory input in one ear while ignoring extraneous environmental auditory input. Initially, researchers thought that the extraneous input was not learned. However, further research showed that the peripheral input cannot be completely ignored and is stored in memory, although usually very weakly. Because the brain senses and perceives the additional auditory stimuli, it is more difficult to give full attention to the intended task (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Learning Team A met at a fairly busy coffee shop. For the purposes...
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...Distraction by Cell Phones Sandra Greene ENG 215 Professor Erica Ellsworth 18 May, 2012 Driven to Distraction by Cell Phones Countless numbers of people are dying every day. These deaths are not limited to certain areas but are occurring nationally. They are pointless deaths because something could be done to prevent it from happening. Imagine if stopping one simple act could save countless lives. That simple act would be to stop being distracted by our cell phones when driving. Are we still willing to listen or do we discount or tune out the speaker and continue on about our business? The fact is that all states should have standardized laws banning cell phone use while driving because talking, texting, and reading texts distract drivers and lead to accidents and death. A brief history of the cell phone shows that “between 1998 and 2001, more than 100 million cell phones were sold. By the end of the 90's, more than 70 million users existed. At the end of 2000, there were over 100 million subscribers, so the 2000’s are the decade that cell phones became common” (Strayer and Cooper, 2009). It is also the decade that lives started to be lost due to cell phone use while driving. Today almost everyone has a cell phone. It is hard to imagine a time when we did not have cell phones available to us. Most people can barely remember having to use pay phones to make calls. Cell phones are helpful and...
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...Having a cell phone in today’s society has become a regular part of life. Even I have a cell phone and I’m really not a big talker. What’s astonishing to me is kids seem to all have cell phones by the time they get into middle school. We rely on these communication devices for every aspect of our daily lives, whether for personal use or for work. To me we rely so heavily on the cell phone that it is becoming dangerous. Think to a time when you were driving down the road and came up on a slower vehicle. They were swerving within their lane, couldn’t keep a constant speed and just seemed like they were completely distracted and not paying attention to the road and the seemingly easy task of driving. You want to get by the person but every time an opportunity to do so came into view it would quickly disappear because the other driver would speed up or do something to avert your opportunity. Finally you get your chance and go around the person. You look over in an attempt to quench your curiosity and see the person is talking on their cell phone. It all makes sense now; they are paying more attention to the conversation they have going on than to their driving. Driving is a dangerous activity in itself, but when you add other distractions like talking and or texting on a cell phone, the outcomes can be anything but pleasant and lead to extensive consequences. Drivers are far more distracted while talking on a cell phone than just talking to a passenger in the car...
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...Are you sick and tired of having your life endangered by drivers who feel they are too important to put their phones down and pay attention to what is going on around them while they are driving? Well many people are? There are already many distractions that a person has to avoid while driving, or even when they are walking down the street, let alone texting and cell phone use. Anything can happen at any given moment in this life. What would you do if it was you driving and you were the one who hit your family member of someone you knew? It would be very devasting and your life would go on even after the short period of grief, but you would have to live with that for the rest of your life. Once information is presented why cell phones are a big distraction, one should be convinced not to use their cell phone while driving and remember to “to drive now and talk later”. We all need to take a stand, because we risk not only our lives, but the lives of others. Could you imagine getting a phone call that one of your family members had been hit by a driver that was texting, or answering a phone call while they were trying to operate their vehicle? Most of us would probably say: “Oh that will or could never happen to me”, But, when it does it makes you sit back and start thinking about what you can do different in order to avoid any type of accidents. Phone technology has come a long way from when it was first invented back in the 1800’s. Technology has had a major impact...
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...Exist Professor March 16, 2015 Research and Writing Should Cell Phones be Ban from Driving or Do Away With? Over the last few years, there has been an up rise in car accidents and the probable cause is the use of cell phones. At one point drunk driving was the biggest cause of car accidents but now cell phone users are at risk as well. In some states across America, a law was made to ban cell phone use while driving but what about the other states. The probability of drivers talking on the cell phone and getting into accidents is only getting higher. The Government should ban cell phone use while driving in all states. In the past five years, cell phone use while driving has become the next biggest problem for the government to handle. Even though some government officials feel it is not causing that much of a problem. In a recent study done at the turn of the century by Robert W. Hahn and Paul C. Tetlock, cell phone use in cars will have caused about 10,000 serious accidents that year, leading to 100 fatalities. In 2002, another study was made by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. In their study, they found that drivers using cell phones are responsible for about 6 percent of U.S auto accidents each year, killing an estimated 2,600 people and injuring 330,000 others (Pickler, 2002). As you can see, within two years of research, the percentile has grown and something needs to be done. The cell phone industry has very little defense against such accusations, with the...
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...Ban Cell Phone Use While Driving Amber R. Muniz Kaplan University Ban Cell Phone Use While Driving A cell phone wielding driver weaving in and out of traffic and drifting across lanes, because they are completely distracted by the device in their hand, may be all too familiar. When using a cell phone while driving, it impairs the persons driving abilities as much as a person with a 0.08 blood alcohol level. Think of the drivers that you pass daily; how many were using cell phones? Imagine if all of those drivers were drinking instead of using their cell phones behind the wheel. Cell phone use while driving is dangerous because it causes slower response time and reduces the situational awareness of the driver. The best solution to this issue is to ban the use of cell phones while driving. “Motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of death in the United States for 3 to 34 year olds. Crashes are among the top three causes of death throughout a person’s lifetime. They also are the number one cause of work-related death. Annually, more U.S. soldiers are killed in crashes in privately-owned vehicles than all other Army ground accidents combined” (National Safety Council, 2010) Distracted drivers using cell phones cause about 2,600 traffic fatalities and 330,000 accidents every year (Richtel, 2009). Many drivers talk, text, and respond to their e-mails while trying to drive. People that use cell phone while driving are not aware of their surroundings....
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...April 3, 2016 C H A P T E R 3 Evaluation Methods Learning Objectives 1. Recognize differences between evaluation methods and how they support the human factors design cycle 2. Design formative and summative human factors studies 3. Understand representative sampling and the implications for study design and generalization 4. Design an experiment considering variables that are measured, manipulated, controlled, and cannot be controlled 5. Interpret results and recognize the limitations of a study 6. Identify the ethical issues associated with collecting data with human subjects 1 April 3, 2016 PURPOSE OF EVALUATION 3 TIMING AND TYPES OF EVALUATION 5 LITERATURE REVIEW, HEURISTIC EVALUATION, AND COGNITIVE WALKTHROUGHS USABILITY TESTING COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION AND CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS IN-SERVICE EVALUATION 5 7 8 9 STEPS IN CONDUCTING A STUDY 10 STUDY DESIGN 11 ONE FACTOR WITH TWO LEVELS ONE FACTOR WITH MORE THAN TWO LEVELS MULTIPLE FACTORS BETWEEN-SUBJECTS DESIGN WITHIN-SUBJECT DESIGNS MIXED DESIGNS SAMPLING PEOPLE, TASKS, AND SITUATIONS 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 MEASUREMENT 15 DATA ANALYSIS 16 ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES 16 17 DRAWING CONCLUSIONS AND COMMUNICATING RESULTS 18 STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND TYPE I AND TYPE II ERRORS STATISTICAL AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE GENERALIZING AND PREDICTING ...
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...the use of cell phones while driving be standardized? Over the last four decades, mobile devices have become the trademark of our society.cell phones and other mobile devices have inundated our society At any given time; we can see drivers talking or texting in a moving vehicle. According to Brenner (2013), 87% of American adults and 78% of teenagers own a cell phone. The scary part is that almost two-thirds of cell phone possessorss’ are distracted by talking or texting and while they drive. This action makes distracted driving one of the leading causes of vehicle crashes (Klauer et al., 2014). Mobile technology is a great convenienceAt any given time, we can see drivers talking or texting. , but when we make a choice to talk or text while driving we put ourselves and others at risk. . Mobile devices have become the trademark of our society. I believe all drivers should be held accountable for their choices, regardless of their expertise or the place, and the governing regulations should be the same across state lines. It is a great convenience to have a cell phone. A person is in constant touch to others when equipped with one. Today’s cell phones are extremely advanced and have wonderful applications, to the point that they could replace an actual computer. When a person is in a dire situation, it is advantageous to have a cell phone so that help can be called immediately. Apple can pinpoint the locations of their phones, even if they are turned off. The cell phone has come...
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...Texting While Driving Automobile crashes as a result of texting while driving is an epidemic that has taken our nation by storm over the past decade. People think they can drive safely while texting on their phones, or they don’t think nothing is going to happen while they are texting on their phones. Texting while driving must be stopped. To do this our government must take action to both uniformity to the laws and punishments bestowed on the offenders. But it is also vital that our government give educational programs that will help spread the dangers about texting while driving a car. Image from video captured by (Dr. Beth Ebel’s) field study of cell phone from behind the wheel, captures a Washington woman texts while she drives. They weren’t police, but when Beth Ebel and her team of investigators walked up and down intersections in six major counties this year, peering into car windows to count how many drivers were using their phones, some drivers dropped them. Hid them, and pretended they’d never held them. “We in public health have this fallacy that if we tell people why they shouldn’t do things, they won’t do them,” said Ebel, a trauma doctor and director of the Injury Prevention and Research Center at Harborview Medical Center. “We got to stop that.” Today, 97.5 percent of the state’s drivers wear seat belts. When Elbel began doing research on seat-belt use in 2001, 83 percent did. Now it’s time to have a serious and honest conversation about using our phones while we...
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...Mission TextControl is an innovative product that strives for safety in automobiles. By keeping lives safe while driving, the product aims to decrease the amount of distraction on the road for everyday drives by locking cell phones once placed in a docking station. Product Description TextControl is a docking system that locks the driver’s cell phone once it is placed into the device, which will prohibit any hand use while driving. The device connects to the automobile’s cigarette lighter and charges the phone while placed in the dock. The docking system will not ban the driver from using Bluetooth or voice to text features as these features will still be fully functional while driving. Value Proposition ------------------------------------------------- Product Target Customers Key Benefits ------------------------------------------------- TextControl Insurance Companies Reduced accidents caused by cell phone distraction ------------------------------------------------- Value Proposition ------------------------------------------------- No distractions, just safe driving Macro-environments The macro-environment refers to the external factors, which affect a company's planning and performance, and are beyond its control. There are several factors to consider regarding TextControl, which can affect the development, sale and use of the product. Demographic In order to market this product to insurance companies...
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...regulations regarding the use of cell phones while driving be standardized? The use cell phones have spread like wild fire in the last ten years. It has become a part of everyday life for many Americans citizens, and a good number of people depend on them to carry out daily operations. Unfortunately, many accidents have taken place in the ten years due to the use of cell phones while on the road. The leads to believe that if people cannot concentrate on the road while talking or texting on cell phones they should not have a cell phone near them at all while driving. The purpose of this research is to discover if texting while driving is the leading cause of automobile accidents of today. Society does not view texting while driving as a safe practice. There are many articles, news reports, and laws passed on texting while operating a vehicle because of the danger associated with the act. Texting while driving causes numerous of problems such as: distraction from the road, a decrease of attention once he or she turns away from the road in responding to a text, and limiting physical ability because texting requires the use of one or both hands to reply to messages. These are some of the issues researchers investigate in finding a conclusion to if the individuals should or should not text while operating a vehicle. Solving the problem of texting while driving is important to Team A because it will reduce the number of accidents connected to texting while driving. According to Statistics...
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...Though as the growth of multitasking has increase, evidence has shown that people do not really multitask at all. What in today’s society is call multitasking is really just a person’s ability to change their attention from one task to another relatively quickly. When a person’s attention is focused on something the individual fails to be aware of an unexpected stimulus in plain sight of the individual, this is known as inattentional blindness. In today’s society most people don’t realize that talking on the phone while driving takes their attention off the road and causes them to have an inattentional blindness to the stimulus on the road, like other cars, pedestrians, and signs. And “that engaging in a cell phone conversation results in poorer driving performance than being legally drunk.” (Hyman Jr et al. 2009; Strayer, Drews, and Crouch, 2006) Majority of people do not know or understand what inattentional blindness and the government making up laws about hands free driving and no texting and...
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...Focus on Driving According to an article by Kiernan Hopkins, “Over 2.5 million people in the U.S. are involved in road accidents each year. The population of the US is just 318.9 million. At this rate, the American people could be extinct in two human lifespans. This is an astounding number of traffic accidents.” This is just one of the astonishing statistics you can find about how severe of an issue distracted driving is in the United States. What is distracted driving you may ask? Distracted driving defined as any activity that could divert a person's attention away from the primary task of driving. A few examples of distracted driving encompass everything from texting and driving, driving under the influence of alcohol, or using any illegal substance. Some things that are so simple that you would not realize are distractions include eating or drinking, changing your radio station/song selection, watching a navigation device, or adjusting your seatbelt or mirrors. Distracted driving is becoming like the modern version of “Black Plague” and so many people are not...
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...diminishing. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted from cellular devices has become a concern and is being studied from many various angles to determine actual health risks from cell phone use. Whether it is for personal or business use, the cell phone has become a permanent fixture in our lives, could have potential health risks, and can become an addiction if necessary steps are not taken to control use and dependency. Cellular Technology and Society Today At any store they are visible. They have their hand plastered to their ear or they are seemingly talking to no one. These are the cellphone users. Hayley Tsukayama, a writer for the Washington post asserts that according to the Pew Internet and Life Project only seventeen percent of Americans still have a land line and ninety percent own a cellphone. (Tsukayama, 2014) The largest contributor to this trend is convenience. Most cellular devices are small and easily portable, allowing the user to move around freely. The ability to be in contact on the road, at work, or out having fun has pushed the trend that the American consumer is converting to cellular devices. Adding to this trend is the ability of cellular devices to do more than just make a call. “Cell phones are not just about calling or texting – with expanding functionality, phones have become multimedia recording devices and pocket-sized...
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