...Prime Minister Robert Gordon Menzies announced the beginning of Australia's involvement in the Second World War on every national and commercial radio station in Australia. It was the beginning of a long and strenuous journey that the country was about to embark on. Australia played an instrumental part of World War Two, and over the course of this paper, I will outline a brief history of the country’s place and actions throughout the war. Almost a million Australians, both men and women, served in the Second World War. They fought in campaigns against Germany and Italy in Europe, the Mediterranean and North Africa, as well as against Japan in south-east Asia and other parts of the Pacific. The Australian mainland came under direct attack for the first time, as Japanese aircraft bombed towns in north-west Australia and Japanese midget submarines attacked Sydney Harbor (Long, 1973). The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) contributed in operations against Italy after its entry into the war in June 1940 (Dennis, 1995). A few Australians flew in the Battle of Britain in August and September, but the Australian army was not engaged in combat until 1941, when the 6th, 7th, and 9th...
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...Jay Soss 1/23/12 IBUS-301 Professor Harasamophaka Bavarian Motor Works (BMW): An Analysis on its Success as a Multinational Enterprise Introduction BMW Group manufactures products under three brands: BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW is a Multinational Enterprise that has been manufacturing and marketing luxury products for about a century. The company is currently the largest premium car maker in the world, followed closely by Mercedes-Benz and Audi. Their headquarters are located in Munich, Germany, and the building itself is also a well-designed masterpiece allowing visitors a glimpse inside the techniques utilized to keep BMW a true competitor on the global scale. This Multinational Enterprise is made up of twenty three production and assembly plants in thirteen countries, forty one sales subsidiaries all over the world, and ten locations in the Research & Development network in five countries. According to the company's current annual filing, it had FYE 12/31/2011 revenue of $90.9 billion and employs one hundred thousand and three hundred and six people (Bayerische). These values ensure its positions as one of the ten largest cars manufactures in the world. Bavarian Motor Works has been able to sustain its position as a successful Multinational Enterprise by adapting to the changing global marketplace through adopting environmentally friendly policies, smarter spending, relevant marketing and partnering with other automobile companies to continuously strengthen...
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...the third world country, so there could be the possibility of having different trends of crime. Rapid urban settlement is the feature of contemporary urbanization process in Bangladesh. Dhaka city turned into the center hub of all possible crime and criminal activity. So, how urbanization process could be integrated to understanding crime trends in Dhaka city, as well as overall crime scenario of Bangladesh, we will be looking for it. The study will cover major trends of crimes in the past years, for coming days. Simultaneously how crime trends could possibly be changed, with the socio-economic variables related to crime in urban areas. The following literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support the objectives of the study. In a research article by J. Walker, et al. (1990) was emphasized on the sectors and trends though. Australian rates of crime are in some respects very high compared with most other comparable countries. Australia is ranked third highest of the fourteen countries in terms of overall victimization, behind the other two non-European countries, the USA and Canada. In assaults involving force, in the less serious types of sexual incidents, in burglary and in motor vehicle thefts, Australia ranked highest of all the...
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...“In wartime, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies.” It was this quote by Winston Churchill that named one of the most effective and difficult Allied operatives of World War II, Operation Bodyguard. Operation Bodyguard was a military deception pulled off by the Allied Nations to fool the Nazis and Germany. The purpose of the mission was to distract and slow down the German reinforcements by setting up a fake battlefield, while the Allied Forces landed on Normandy on what is known as D-Day. The Nazis and Germany were very powerful during this time, and Operation Bodyguard helped slow them down so that the Allied Nations could invade mainland Europe and throw them off...
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...CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS LAW Session 1 – Introduction to Law/Australian Legal System _______________________________________________________________________________ 1. WHAT IS LAW? 1.1 Legal Terms A Law - A particular legal rule. The Law - A declaration of behaviour in our society. - A comprehensive and changing set of rules. Jurisprudence - The general principles underlying the law: the foundation for the making of the law. Natural Law - The principles of reason and justice which flow from the law of nature (or the law of God) and which form the foundation of our legal system. Religious Law - What is right and wrong? Rationalist Law - What is reason? 1.2 Foundation for Democratic Law Natural law is based on the notions of the laws of God and reason/common sense – ie, a combination of Religious and Rationalist law. We see direct examples of Christian teachings in our law. A notable example is the case of Donoghue v Stevenson which is a major case in the law of tort. John Locke explained that natural law involved a fundamental belief that all men are equal and will, therefore, equally respect and not harm each other. His view inspired the core principle of the American Declaration of Independence and, as a result, two of the most impacting speeches: American Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be...
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...attention in the history books. Today one of our greatest medical threats is AIDS. The Spanish Flu is exponential compared to AIDS casualties (Gloria). The Spanish Flu of 1918-19 affected our world like no other disease in history. It changed the ways people sought medical help, the ways physicians treated illness, the role of medical researchers and how society, particularly medical and political leaders respond to pandemic diseases. Influenza is a unique respiratory viral disease infecting the whole respiratory tract-namely, the nose, sinuses, the throat, lungs, and even the middle ear. The disease spreads from person to person by airborne droplets produced when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Acute symptoms of influenza, including fever, headache, shivering, muscle pain, cough, and pneumonia, are the result of the virus replicating in the respiratory tract, in which infected cells die and slough off (Rosenberg). The Spanish Flu got its name from newspaper reports of that period. It was thought that the influenza infection was carried form Asia to Spain during World War I. During WWI Spain remained neutral and the government did not censor the press. Spanish papers were filled with reports of the disease, especially when King Alphonse XIII became seriously ill with the flu. In facts the origins of the flu are not certain. Although it came in three waves during 1918-19, it is also unclear why it halted in 1919. The first wave was in the spring of 1918. It was known for...
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...INTRODUCTION India as is seen during present days has changed its conscience towards a new penal jurisprudence in abolishing the capital punishment. This is to counter the plenary provisions of Article 5 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 and its protocol in 1989 where the State parties believed that abolition of death penalty should be in the scale of enhancement of human dignity and progressive development of human rights and recalling Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted on 10th December, 1948 as well as Article 21 of our Constitution.1 It can be judicially said “I don’t punish you for killing the man but so that the other cannot be killed.” That is, the chief aim of capital punishment is to make deterrent to others for same crime . Now this concept is having a new direction. The Supreme Court and High Courts in India interpret the cases before giving the death sentence as rarest of rare cases. The Court moves its eye also for other aspects of society. The landmark cases where death sentences were awarded in India are Ranga Billa case2, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi Assassination case, Laxman Nayak case 3 and the lastly, it was awarded to Dhananjoy Chatterjee on 14th August, 2004 in connection with Hetal Parikh case of West Bengal after the Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence awarded by lower courts and President also refused to grant him pardon. In the year 2003, Government...
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...strengthen and protect Jews and the State o What problems faced Palestine in 1945 Civil disruption.‘ * Large numbers of Jews wanted to go to Palestine.’ * ‘The US was supporting a state of Israel.’ * ‘Should immigration be allowed?’ * ‘Campaigns of violence by the Irgun.’ Why did Britain decide to hand Palestine over to the United Nations * ‘It did not want to stay.’ * ‘Because of the cost.’ * ‘There was violence.’ * ‘Because of its view of Zionism.’ * ‘The pressure from the Irgun.’ * ‘Because of the guerrilla campaign. Explains why * ‘At the end of the war Britain was under great pressure to change its policy and allow in survivors of the holocaust. They refused and this brought about violent protest.’ * ‘The Irgun deliberately attacked and killed British soldiers including the explosion at the King David Hotel. The violence from the Irgun was intended to persuade the British to leave.’ * ‘Because the Arabs continued to block any proposals regarding partition.’ * ‘The British were finding it too expensive to keep large numbers of troops there, especially having just fought a costly war.’ How far was the war of 1948-49 a success for Israel * It was as the Arab armies were forced to accept defeat.’ * ‘A Jewish state was established.’...
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...econstor Gechert, Sebastian www.econstor.eu Der Open-Access-Publikationsserver der ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft The Open Access Publication Server of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Working Paper Supplementary private health insurance in selected countries : lessons for EU governments? CESifo working paper, No. 2739 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Gechert, Sebastian (2009) : Supplementary private health insurance in selected countries : lessons for EU governments?, CESifo working paper, No. 2739, http:// hdl.handle.net/10419/30575 Nutzungsbedingungen: Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts beschränkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewählte Werk im Rahmen der unter → http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen nachzulesenden vollständigen Nutzungsbedingungen zu vervielfältigen, mit denen die Nutzerin/der Nutzer sich durch die erste Nutzung einverstanden erklärt. Terms of use: The ZBW grants you, the user, the non-exclusive right to use the selected work free of charge, territorially unrestricted and within the time limit of the term of the property rights according to the terms specified at → http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen By the first use of the selected work the user agrees and declares to comply with these terms...
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...Unemployment From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For payments paid to unemployed people, see unemployment benefits. Unemployed men outside a soup kitchen in Depression-era Chicago, 1931. Unemployment (or joblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work.[1] The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.[2] According to International Labour Organization report, more than 197 million people globally are out of work or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.[3] There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes, consequences and solutions for unemployment. Classical economics, New classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment. These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers. Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and recommends government interventions in the economy that it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions. This theory focuses...
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...barristers. See chapter 3. * A ‘common law’ system: * The system of law derived from the English legal system. Uses judicially decided cases as the basic form of law. See chapter 10. * The way that the law is made: Judges make law based on decided cases (precedents) and develop sets of legal principles which emerge from the judgments in decided cases.’ See chapter 12, 13, and 14. * The category of laws which grew from the medieval royal courts (‘the courts of common law’) and other areas of law, which came from the medieval Lord Chancellor’s role (‘equity’). See chapter 10. * Decision making in courts after an adversarial trial: derived from historical ‘trial by battle’ introduced by Normans. The battle has since then become a verbal one. See chapter 2. * A court system for dispute resolution: See chapter 11. However, Australian law has developed distinct characteristics of its own: * A federal system made up of a Commonwealth and States and Territories: separates out the powers of different bodies of government. See chapter 8. * A limited recognition of indigenous customary law: Mabo (No 2) held that native title to land could exist, separate from the common law and based on indigenous customary law. Other forms of recognition are ad hoc, but do exist: * Criminal justice system in NT carried out on a customary basis rather than common law in certain cases. * Customary law marriage is recognised. * Certain aspects of indigenous...
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...A special report on China's place in the world Brushwood and gall China insists that its growing military and diplomatic clout pose no threat. The rest of the world, and particularly America, is not so sure, says Edward Carr Dec 2nd 2010 | from PRINT EDITION • • IN 492BC, at the end of the “Spring and Autumn” period in Chinese history, Goujian, the king of Yue in modern Zhejiang, was taken prisoner after a disastrous campaign against King Fuchai, his neighbour to the north. Goujian was put to work in the royal stables where he bore his captivity with such dignity that he gradually won Fuchai’s respect. After a few years Fuchai let him return home as his vassal. Goujian never forgot his humiliation. He slept on brushwood and hung a gall bladder in his room, licking it daily to feed his appetite for revenge. Yue appeared loyal, but its gifts of craftsmen and timber tempted Fuchai to build palaces and towers even though the extravagance ensnared him in debt. Goujian distracted him with Yue’s most beautiful women, bribed his officials and bought enough grain to empty his granaries. Meanwhile, as Fuchai’s kingdom declined, Yue grew rich and raised a new army. Goujian bided his time for eight long years. By 482BC, confident of his superiority, he set off north with almost 50,000 warriors. Over several campaigns they put Fuchai and his kingdom to the sword. The king who slept on brushwood and tasted gall is as familiar to Chinese as King Alfred and his cakes are to Britons,...
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...REPORT ON “EUROPE – CULTURE, HISTORY & ECONOMICS” “Based on Seminar delivered by Prof. Dr. De Meuter” Submitted To: Submitted By: PROF. DR. DE MEUTER GROUP 7 NIDHI SHARMA RICHARD SUMAN HIMANSHU SAHNI MAHESH DILIP REDDY European culture & history LESSONS OF HISTORY: * Historical truth & historical books doesn’t always actually say or what it meant in the books. * They books are changed from time to time according to the situations and conditions. Example of Christopher Columbus who discovered America has been discussed in the class, where the actual evil intentions of Columbus were discussed who started his journey in search of India and discovered America. Here the myth is said as a history but the factual reality is left behind. Perennial philosophy: The perennial philosophy says about the whole world’s religious traditions as sharing a single, universal truth on which the foundation of all religious knowledge and doctrine has grown. In the perennial philosophy the several representations of different countries such as kundalini of India where the seven chakras represents seven energies present around the spine, Greece and the Caduceus / Homer and the Odyssey, Egypt and the Uraeus-Cobra & vulture, South America’s the oroburos, Chinese Dragon and the European alchemy which representation has different meaning has been discussed. Europe and Christianity: ...
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...bordered by Pakistan in the south and east. Since the late 1970s Afghanistan has suffered brutal civil war in addition to foreign interventions in the form of the 1979 Soviet invasion and the 2001 U.S. invasion. The strategic interests of the great powers of the day in Afghanistan pitched against the potential threat of terrorism, religious extremism, smuggling and drug trafficking substantiates the assertion that Afghan security situation has the potential to generate effects far beyond its borders. Afghanistan had experienced several coups since 1973, when the Afghan monarchy was overthrown by Daud Khan, who was sympathetic to Soviet overtures. Subsequent coups reflected struggles within Afghanistan among factions with different ideas about how Afghanistan should be governed and whether it should be communist, and with degrees warmth toward the Soviet Union. The Soviets intervened following the overthrow of a pro-communist leader. In late December 1979, after several months of evident military preparation, they invaded Afganistan. At that time, the Soviet Union and the United States were engaged in the Cold War, a global competition for the fealty of other nations. The United States was, thus, deeply interested in whether the Soviet Union would succeed in establishing a communist government loyal to Moscow in Afghanistan. In order to forestall that possibility, the United States began funding insurgent forces to oppose the Soviets. The U.S.-funded Afghan insurgents were called mujahideen...
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...weapons towards the end of World War II, of which he himself understood would cause both mass devastation and indignation, is still one of the most controversial and heavily debated topics in today’s society. This was partially due to the adverse underestimation and seemingly ignorant approach the American’s had towards their latest development of mass destruction; almost oblivious to the immense aftermath of physical injury, civilian death and emotional torment it would produce for those involved. This decision, ultimately made by one man, affected not only America and Japan, but the world. Dispute over this was, and continues to be highly generated, the event causing anger and infuriation to millions across the world. This resentment did not just accumulate from the lack of awareness and slaughter of innocent life, but from the graphic images shown in newspapers, the casualties, and the torturous amount of death underwent as a result of the bomb. As a Japanese survivor documented: “The appearance of people was . . . well, they all had skin blackened by burns. . . . They had no hair because their hair was burned, and at a glance you couldn't tell whether you were looking at them from in front or in back. . . . and their skin - not only on their hands, but on their faces and bodies too - hung down. . . . If there had been only one or two such people . . . perhaps I would not have had such a strong impression. But wherever I walked I met these people. . . . Many of them died...
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