...1838 a long line of Cherokee Indians Trudged through the Georgia countyside. These Native Americans were heading for the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. It was not the Cherokees that chose to make, this long, difficult and kaotic trip. The U.S government forced them out of their homes and set them on this long and disturbing journey. A few Indians traveled by water. Most traveled by land. Woman carried their babies and the sick and elderly traveled by wagons. In fact A gentleman by the name of George Hicks led one of the cherokee groups in fact before departing he sent a letter to the leader of the departing cherokees and stated that it was with great sorrow that they were being forced by the white man out of the state away from home were they were born and raised and sent him a farewell.The trip to the Indian territory took about six months. They were about sixteen thousand cherokees that marched through the rain, snow, and bitter cold. Traveling about one thousand {text:soft-page-break} miles away. Traveling without food, clothing,or shelter. How horrific it was for the four thousand people that died on this route and in doing so never had a proper burial they had to be buried in shallow unmarked graves. Having to bury forteen and fifteen people at every stop. How? We ask the U.S could not be bothered to share America's riches with a different race which whom they viewed as inferior and less civil to their own culture. The cherokees that...
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...Bilal Daoudi Professor: Mr. David Carter Class: ENG111 123A FA13 Date: 09/11/13 The Cherokee Tribes During a recent trip to Lake Lure in western North Carolina, I was taking a boat ride with my fiancée and her family and we were sharing many stories. When her mother, Martha, tried to show us the Great Smoky Mountains on the west side, she mentioned the Cherokee tribes where her ancestors used to live as the Native Americans who inhabited North America before the settlers came from Europe. After we finished that wonderful ride, I scheduled another meeting weeks later to talk more with Layla, my fiancée, about her origins and the Cherokee. Layla Sawyer said, “There are three federally recognized tribes today: the Eastern Band of Cherokees, the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. I trace part of my ancestry back to the Eastern Band of Cherokees, although I’m not a member.” The Eastern Band of Cherokees are scattered throughout North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. However, her family has roots in Cherokee NC. The Cherokee Nation and UKB are located in Oklahoma and Arkansas. They were originally part of the same larger body of Cherokees who were settled in the mountains of southeastern North America but in 1838 the federal government forced the Cherokees to leave their lands in Southeastern US and relocate to Oklahoma. This was known as the ‘Trail of Tears’ in which thousands of Cherokees were forced...
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...The Cherokee people are derived from the region of the country within the Blue Ridge and Smoky Mountains. They have claims to homelands within the states of West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky. These states have river Valleys, mountains and swamp with a climate that was hot and humid in the summer and mild in the winter. The main point of the homeland being the Blue Ridge which is sometimes applied solely to the eastern edge of the Appalachian Mountains, the geological definition of the Blue Ridge province spreads westward to the Ridge and Valley area; The Blue Ridge encompasses also far north as Pennsylvania. The blue Ridge is also contained with the greater Smoky Mountains. They did have access to many unique foods that would go onto to change the basis of their cooking which in turn changes their culture. Food is a main aspect of culture that you cannot unentwined from each other. Any pre-contact culture that the Cherokee would have had would have been solely based on their access to different types of foods, and how that access lead to the establishment of culture through the easy access to said foods. This culture was put to the test when the Indian Removal act was passed after gold...
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...and had their first contact with the American Indians, there were numerous of unique indigenous cultures that have been uniquely formed by their landscapes and history. A tribe’s language, worldviews, knowledge and religion come from their local lands, shaping them to be who they are. Though every American Indian tribe has the belief of bringing harmony, respect and balance amongst the human community and the natural world, each illustrates these beliefs differently depending ones cultural values, knowledge and worldviews. American Indian tribes can differ from one another in many ways relating to ceremonies, prayers, songs, medicine, and other rituals, expressing their own unique cultural values. Their homelands, as well as the mountains, caves, and rivers all carry some kind of symbolic meanings and purposes relating to their culture understanding. For instance, the Yaqui tribe is known to perform deer songs and dances, a central ritual within their culture, that allows them to spiritually be, live, connect or communicate with one’s universe (Evers and Molina). Whereas for another tribe, such as the Tewa, perform their own unique rituals. The Cherokee tribe is one of the many indigenous tribes in North America that have been shaped by their local landscape and history. Like every American Indian tribe, the Cherokee consists of many different cultural worldviews, traditions, and beliefs that brought them to express their culture in their own way. In this paper, I will present...
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...The Cherokee People Nicole Chappell February 10, 2013 The Cherokee People A Native American tribe that resided within the continental United States at the time of first European contact was the Cherokee Indians. They are still around today and better known as The Eastern Band of Cherokees. They had a very unique and creative culture. Although they weren’t very educated and George Guess didn’t finish his development of their own written language until the early 1820s they were fantastic at everything they did in order to survive off of the nature of the land. Major events like the hidden enemy and the “trail of tears” is what demolished most of the original Native American Cherokee Indians. Since The Cherokees were discovered by European settlers when they thought they found what they considered “The new land” it is unsure of their settlement date. However, there are certain artifacts that were discovered that does place them approximately 11,000 years before the first European settlers. Archaeologists tell us that American Indians may have been on the North American continent for fifty thousand years (Kincheloe, J. 2005). The Cherokees were great explorers, hunters, farmers and artisans. They learned quickly to adapt to new and very different climates such as dessert, forest, prairies, and along the ocean. The men used bows and arrows to hunt deer, turkey and small game. The men also used spears and fishing poles to catch fish. The women did the farming...
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...Native American Relocation Native American culture and its role in American history have always been a fascinating subject. There have been reading assignments on Native American’s removal and resistance, Black Hawk and his rebellion, and Emerson’s letter to President Van Buren. These pieces gave us a brief overview of America’s goals at the time, the action they took to achieve these goals, the Native Americans’ reaction, and the opinions held by the American people. These readings only scratched the surface of Native Americans and the role they have played in American History. The main cause of the interaction between Americans and the Native Americans was an increase in demand for land by Americans. As they pushed west and south, the frequency of interactions with Native Americans increased and so did hostility. I am aware that land demand issues were normally approached at first with peaceful negations. The American government would meet with the tribes and develop a treaty that resulted in less land for the Native Americans and more land for Americans. This would satisfy the Americans for a period of time but demand for land would just continue to increase. At this point Indians would either get restless and rebellions would ensue or Americans would violate the treaties and make moves on the Native’s land. In either situation the superior force of the American troops would result in them defeating the Indians. The Indians would then be forced to comply with American demands...
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...Luis Thompson ANTH 252 Doctor Hemphill Yokuts v. Cherokee I. Introduction This paper is a basic introduction to two native North American tribes; the Yokuts of the California cultural area and the Cherokee of the Southeast cultural area. First I we will delve in to the general backgrounds of these two tribes, followed by an in depth examination of Religious beliefs practiced by each tribe, as well as the Life cycle rituals of the Yokuts and Cherokee. Directly proceeding this we will then contrast the former in depth examinations with that of the Tlingit tribe who resided in the Northwest culture area and also we will contrast The Yokuts and the Cherokee with the Zuni tribe who reside in the Southwest cultural area. General Background: Yokuts The Yokut tribe is a group of native North Americans found in the California culture area. The Yokut tribe inhabited the San Joaquin Valley of California. The Yokut tribe has been broken up into three main groups based on the area that their territory encompassed. The are the Northern Valley Yokuts who inhabited the region beginning in the northern most San Joaquin valley, present day Stockton, to the area where the San Joaquin Valley turns northward toward the Calaveras and Mokelumne rivers, or present day Modesto. The Next division is known as The Southern Valley Yokuts. This group of Yokuts lived in the Southern San Joaquin Valley from the upper forks of the Kings River, present day ...
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...in the Civil War The American Civil War was fought between the Unions, from the northern region of America, and the Confederacy, from the southern region of America. A war that was started because of slavery and fought between western europeans and incidentally people who live on the land such as Native American. The battles fought were all over the land in America. So, if a territory was on the land, then the people who lived there would inevitably get involved with the war. Battles were fought on indian territory, and as a result many Native Americans got involved in with the Civil War. The reason why Native Americans got involved in the Civil War was because they were recruited by the Confederate or the Union to fight for their territory. Between 1861 to 1865 Native Americas fought truculently for themselves in each battle in the Civil War. It was their right to fight for territory, which gave them a choice to fight or another choice to move their lifestyle and their culture to another place. The territory that the Native Americans had were so important to them because of the natural resources and knowledge they had from the land. Moving to a different place would be difficult because they would have to start over from nothing. Many Native Americas thought they could try and avoid the war, but it was uneasy to ignore the Civil War. Native American tribes would try to completely avoid confutation between the North and the South by moving into the mountains in the far west...
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...different cultures related to specific concepts and trends gender, immigration attitudes, and comparative research compares different cultures to determine how they differ and/or are similar on such concepts as gender issues, child rearing, cognition, attitudes, etc. as they relate to culture. That is cross-cultural relative study and additional kinds of study can be concerned in the methods in which culture and correlated ideas for instance ethnicity influences the behavior and thinking of human being also how human being behavior and believe explain and reveal phases of an individual culture. Research builds the knowledge base for cross cultural psychology and investigates and tests the major trends in the field. Research investigates different cultures on a number of domains in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Certain trends or domains are prevalent in the field of cross cultural psychology including evolution and biology, awareness and reasoning, morals and outlooks, social psychology, behavior in culture, therapy and mental health, gender issues, parenting and human development, cultural change and ethnic psychology, also work and structural psychology. Additional trends consist of collectivism and individualism, towards common characteristics and original psychologies (Kagitcibasi and Barry, 1989). Other themes researched, such as in the Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, are global in nature, with research focused on intracultural study for instance the change of Asian...
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...Wilma Mankiller was born November 18, 1945 in Oklahoma but later relocated due to the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Indian Relocation Program of the 1950’s. Because the relocation program failed to keep promises it made to Native Americans, Wilma became an activist fighting for the rights of Native Americans (Wallis). Wilma Mankiller was the first female elected Deputy Chief and later became the first female in modern history to lead a major Native American tribe by becoming the first Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma in 1987. With an enrolled population of over 140,000 members and an annual budget of more than $75 million, her accomplishment is equal to that of a chief executive office of a major corporation (Yannuzzie). Her areas of expertise include community development, public relations, tribal governance, leadership and writing. During her time in office, Wilma faced many challenges and turned them into accomplishments. She bettered the lives of her people by building health clinics, bringing water and electricity to poor communities, and supporting small businesses. These things meant a great deal too many people, but Wilma also tackled big issues like the male-domination of the Cherokee Nation, which went against traditional Cherokee values (Mankiller and Steinem). She also spoke out against Native American stereotypes and worked to make the mainstream image of Native Americans one of regular people with the same wants and needs as everyone else. And...
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... criticizing how they lived by stereotyping them as savages. As agriculture and population increased, Jackson believed that the Cherokee were occupying valuable territory, which could be used for other necessities such as expanding farms and plantations. In the 1830’s, Andrew Jackson’s administration passed the Indian Removal Act; therefore causing the Cherokee Indians to travel to the west of the Mississippi river resulting in thousands of deaths. When the Indian Removal Act was set into place there was a drastic change in the political policies; however, the Cherokee tribes economic and social policies remained consistent. Many Native Americans assimilated to an American lifestyle by changing...
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...book. This paper gives what the “loss of centeredness” of culture would have meant for a given cultural group, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This paper describes the Western and European cultures on Native Americans. It discusses what they were like prior to the late nineteenth century and how they changed as a result of European expansion. Last but not least, you will know how this change representative of what Sayre calls a “loss of centeredness. The term “Western Civilization” in this context means European civilization, mainly for the countries known for their exploratory expeditions which include Spain, Portugal, France, and England. Cultures such as the Native Americans, West Africans, Indians, Chinese, and so many others were invaded and occupied by these European nations. They were killed, had to change their religion to Christianity, and were sent away from their homelands. The leaders were replaced by Europeans. They looked at these conquered lands as “satellites” of their home country and encouraged the people to act as much like them as they could, or at least seem as though they were in the same culture and work for them, go to their church, and learn their place as second class citizens. After all, they were looked upon as savages and uncivilized people who needed guidance. The people inhabiting the areas of North America were the Native Americans. The Native Americans did not fare well with the early colonies and later the United...
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...Seminole, Chickasaw and the Cherokee and how life was for them before the invasion and settlement of the Europeans. The loss of centeredness is described not only for the Native Americans but also for the Europeans who suffered before reaching America. The loss of centeredness is described where any culture who have to immigrate and change their way of life from what they knew. The Native Americans were not the only culture to have suffered through these tragic events as with the Irish during the Potato famine along with Paris, France and London where living conditions were one of destitution and horror which led to the migration to the Americas. Within the body of the paper are in-text citations and following the body of the paper are the references. Native Americans, way before the nineteenth century consisted of many different cultural groups of peoples from the Subarctic inland of Alaska and Canada around over to Northeast Canada’s Atlantic coast and over to North Carolina and inland to Missippi. The southeast and winding around to the north of the Gulf of Mexico and flipping to the south and northeast. Each culture of the indigenous peoples was unique in their own way. Some were expert farmers, some civilized in their tribal cultures, some aggressive and warlike, while others were a little more settled who lived in dome like houses as well as made out of ice blocks in the North of the Arctic. We are going to look at the southeast cultures such as the Choctaw, Creek,...
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...put together by Mao that it could be regarded as his creation, and if he wanted to reform it, that was his privilege. Only if we regard him as a monarch in succession to scores of emperors can we imagine why the leadership of the CPP, trained to be loyal, went along with his piecemeal assault on and destruction of them. Mao also seems to have had in mind the idea that student youth could be mobilized to attack the evils in the establishment and purge China revisionism. It would be a form to manipulate mass movement, which his experience told him, was the engine of social change. (387) The Cultural Revolution, like the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Great Leap Forward, turned out to be something he had not envisioned. Allowing for many variations, the purge rate among party officials was somewhere around 60 percent. It has been estimated that 400,000 people died as a result of maltreatment. (387) How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded From late 1965 to the summer of 1966, tensions rose between Mao’s group and the CCP establishment. To his support from the repoliticized PLA under Lin Biao Mao added, thorugh his wife Jiang Qing, a group of radical Shanghai intellectuals who later would form his Central Cultural Revolution Group. (389) In the second phase of the Cultural...
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... Trina Hines Native Americans may be considered some sort of an outcast in our country but they are really the original founders of the United States. My people were the ones that were here when the European settlers arrived and began to explore the United States. It was a very awkward and complicated situation because they came over to the Americas with intentions to claim the land for themselves and settle here, when we thought the land was already our own. As part of our good nature, our leaders did try to negotiate the land and our living situations with the European leaders to the best of their ability. Many people may not understand how difficult the life of a Native American used to be like when we first began to come across those of other races and face the issues of everyday living amongst them. It has constantly been a long hard road for us of Native American race and culture. Our people were considered the first to live in the Americas, prior to the people of European descent, thus giving us the name Native Americans. Although we tried to cooperate with the European people and come to an agreement over the land, we were successful to no avail. The Europeans turned to methods such as scalping to torture my people and make us give up the most valued land. When this began to happen, many of our group decided to retreat to our own areas called Reservations to live on. The Native Americans then started to migrate...
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