...Compare and contrast the legacies of cultural syncretism in Africa and the Americas with the resistance to cultural change Westerners encountered in China and India. What cultural factors caused the differences in outcomes? What legacies have the differences in types of encounters and degrees of cultural change left today? Had syncretism not occurred in the Americas, how might modern culture be different? If cultural syncretism had taken root during early encounters in China or India, how might they be different today? The quest for wealth and power brought Europeans to Indian shores in 1498 when Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese voyager, arrived in Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the west coast. In their search for spices and Christian converts, the Portuguese challenged Arab supremacy in the Indian Ocean, and, with their galleons fitted with powerful cannons, set up a network of strategic trading posts along the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. In 1510 the Portuguese took over the enclave of Goa, which became the center of their commercial and political power in India and which they controlled for nearly four and a half centuries. Economic competition among the European nations led to the founding of commercial companies in England (the East India Company, founded in 1600) and in the Netherlands (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie--the United East India Company, founded in 1602), whose primary aim was to capture the spice trade by breaking the Portuguese monopoly in Asia...
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...China and India during the medieval era. Susana Gutierrez His/276 April 30, 2014 John Randall. China and India during the medieval era Most of the tribes of Eurasia were nomads with no real laws or a set place to live the simple move from place to place once they run out of resources for them and their herds of animals which was their livelihood. The nomadic lifestyle these tribes had made it difficult to avoid conflict with other tribal communities the way they manage their social and political laws was through family name, clans and tribal confederation. In their search for greener pastures sometimes they would fight for the same resources. The community that lost would move far away or make allies with another tribes to be stronger against all other to avoid extinction or slavery. The way they acquire goods was trading with other communities when they could not get it, they would use force and violence raids were a common against other nomad groups, but farms were not spare either. The farmers were no contest for the nomads such as the Xiongnu. One of the reasons China built the great wall. The Turks frequently exploited China and fought often amongst themselves. In history of Sui Dynasty tells us how the Turks rather fight each other than to live peacefully amongst each other, but the Turks run into the Tang Dynasty in china and disappear shortly after. In the 8th century the Vighors decided to create a new society in Mongolia and...
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...“How Home Depot could enter Indian Markets” Cohort 41 Justin Widener, Cole Lewis, Daniel Smith, Kacy Jackson, Pramod Sudhakar, Angela Lintz WMBA 6030: Global Strategy November 14, 2013 Executive Summary Home Depot tried and failed to enter China. In hindsight, the errors Home Depot made seem obvious and many. In the analyses below, we examine Home Depot from an Industrial, Resource, and Institutional perspective. Based on our extrapolation of the findings, we ask whether Home Depot can enter the Indian market, and describe our strategy for how Home Depot might successfully expand globally into India. We believe that Home Depot can gain great value from entering India following our strategy. Introduction and Background Home Depot was founded in 1978 by Arthur Blank and Bernie Marcus. They originally started with two stores in the Atlanta area with about 60,000 square feet each. These stores dwarfed the competition in not only size but also in product offering and availability. They started off offering over 25,000 different SKU’s to customers in everything from power tools to simple easy to use items such as tape and glue (Home Depot). The goal was, as a company, to target and create a market for the “Do it Yourself” or “DIY” market. Until the arrival of Home Depot there was such a market but only local mom and pop shops competed. Home Depot provided a place where they could provide a one-stop shop for DIY and could also provide the “know-how” necessary...
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...2010 India and China: A study in comparison [pic] Neetika Chakraborty Roll number-818 Economics (H) Third Year Acknowledgment I would like to thank my third year teachers- Ms. Nandini Kumar and Mrs. Meeta Kumar for their superior reaching capabilities and constant support. They have always been there to answer every query and help me out with research material whenever I required it. This project would not have been possible without them. This project would also not have been possible without the vast amount of data which was made available through the database of the reserve bank of India and the central bank of the Republic of China. Furthermore, I am indebted to the huge quantity of information available on the internet which was an important part of my initial research. INDEX 1. Introduction 2. Political Evolution ❖ China ❖ India ❖ Drawing a comparison 3. International Trade ❖ China ❖ India ❖ Bilateral trade between India and China 4. Population Trends ❖ Drawing a comparison 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography Introduction China’s and India’s rapid growth and economic policies, as well as their role in International trade and capital markets, have generated a large amount of interest and research. Much of the attention focuses on their growth prospects and on their faculty to influence global governance. Two salient characteristics of China and India are...
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...history that in the early 1920’s American industries had a very different outtake on what was ethical on tolerable. During those times there were no child labor laws so children were allowed to work in order to be able to provide another source of income for the family. In today’s society we have laws and guidelines that an employer needs to follow in order to be able keep the business from being fined or closed on. Going back to the 1920’s there were no safety guidelines set so if the main provider of the family became injured then the oldest son would have to fill in, in order to keep the family with an income. Employers did not have to follow certain hours in which kids were going to be working such as in today’s society. Aside from children working long hours with no protection women did not work at all outside the house. With no women working outside of their home then we can say that there were no laws on sexual harassment against women. This was something that America was dealing with when they were trying to establish great ethics in our country. Other countries have dealt with much more than sexual harassment and child labor. The first article being reviewed for the Business Ethics across Cultures article review was about issues with Wal-Mart and China. Nearly every product that is sold in Wal-Mart stores today are made in China, which I am sure that, that was not what Sam Walton would have wanted you to believe in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. When Mr...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM Centre for Risk & Insurance Studies Privatization of the Insurance Market in India: From the British Raj to Monopoly Raj to Swaraj Tapen Sinha CRIS Discussion Paper Series – 2002.X Privatization of the Insurance Market in India: From the British Raj to Monopoly Raj to Swaraj by Tapen Sinha, Ph.D. ING Comercial America Chair Professor Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Mexico City, Mexico and Professor, School of Business University of Nottingham, UK tapen@itam.mx, tapen@nottingham.ac.uk Abstract We examine the institution of insurance in India. Over the past century, Indian insurance industry has gone through big changes. It started as a fully private system with no restriction on foreign participation. After the independence, the industry went to the other extreme. It became a state-owned monopoly. In 1991, when rapid changes took place in many parts of the Indian economy, nothing happened to the institutional structure of insurance: it remained a monopoly. Only in 1999, a new legislation came into effect signaling a change in the insurance industry structure. We examine what might happen in the future when the domestic private insurance companies are allowed to compete with some foreign participation. Because of the time dependence of insurance contracts, it is highly unlikely that these erstwhile monopolies are going to disappear. Acknowledgement: I would like to thank Rebecca Benedict and Samik Dasgupta...
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...SAARC Ministerial Declaration on Cooperation in Combating Terrorism ***** We, the Foreign Ministers of Member States of SAARC, are deeply concerned about the continuing scourge of terrorism afflicting the region which has caused extensive social disharmony, loss of human life, destruction and damage to property. Terrorism poses a serious threat to peace and cooperation, and friendly and good neighbourly relations. It jeopardises the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of States, while constituting a serious violation of fundamental human rights. We renew our commitment to strengthening comprehensive region-wide cooperation among SAARC Member States to combat and eliminate all forms and manifestations of terrorism and in this context affirm the need to reinforce further the regional legal regime and instituting pragmatic cooperation to address this issue effectively. We also recognise that our cooperation shall proceed on the basis of sovereign equality, mutual respect and the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States consistent with the SAARC Charter. As we meet in Colombo, at the Thirty-first Session of the Council of Ministers, we solemnly declare and agree to undertake the following measures of cooperation: 1. We reiterate our commitment to implement measures against organising, instigating, facilitating, financing, fund raising, encouraging, tolerating and providing training for or otherwise...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM Centre for Risk & Insurance Studies Privatization of the Insurance Market in India: From the British Raj to Monopoly Raj to Swaraj Tapen Sinha CRIS Discussion Paper Series – 2002.X Privatization of the Insurance Market in India: From the British Raj to Monopoly Raj to Swaraj by Tapen Sinha, Ph.D. ING Comercial America Chair Professor Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Mexico City, Mexico and Professor, School of Business University of Nottingham, UK tapen@itam.mx, tapen@nottingham.ac.uk Abstract We examine the institution of insurance in India. Over the past century, Indian insurance industry has gone through big changes. It started as a fully private system with no restriction on foreign participation. After the independence, the industry went to the other extreme. It became a state-owned monopoly. In 1991, when rapid changes took place in many parts of the Indian economy, nothing happened to the institutional structure of insurance: it remained a monopoly. Only in 1999, a new legislation came into effect signaling a change in the insurance industry structure. We examine what might happen in the future when the domestic private insurance companies are allowed to compete with some foreign participation. Because of the time dependence of insurance contracts, it is highly unlikely that these erstwhile monopolies are going to disappear. Acknowledgement: I would like to thank Rebecca Benedict and Samik Dasgupta for their input in...
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...If you were to look at a history of global economics over the years, you would find that many countries achieve (and sometimes fall from) economic superpower status. Examples of such countries include the U.S, the U.K, and Japan. The most current countries to join that list are India and China. However, whether they stay that way has yet to be seen. The Elephant and the Dragon written by Robyn Meredith takes a look at both countries’ rise to economic superpower status, and how it affects us now as well as the future. To achieve this Meredith begins with a recent history of each of the countries by examining the political and social factors related to the each of the countries’ rise. This is followed with a look into some of the economic similarities and differences between India and China as well as how the reforms both countries have in place affect U.S businesses and citizens. Through this process Meredith truly gives a truly complete experience with past, present and future analyzed. Unfortunately, there are certain areas of the book where issues with the material and Meredith’s interpretation arise. The first two chapters in The Elephant and the Dragon delve into the pasts of China and India, and the policies that made their growth possible. Meredith begins her look into China by looking at the effects of Mao’s rule. A major point that is brought up is Mao’s policy to collectivize farming. The policy to collectivize farming resulted in a 40% drop in agricultural production...
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...period was a time of economic change, and it happened from 1750 to 1914. The modern period was at the same time as the industrial revolution, so during that period while there were advancements in machinery, there were also advancements in the economy. This period was a turning point for the economy and caused it to change quite a bit. It changed the economy in ways such as production rates, the way families brought in money, technological advancements, and more trade. Even though the modern period was a time of change, you could even argue that it was also a time of continuity in ways such as colonization....
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM Centre for Risk & Insurance Studies Privatization of the Insurance Market in India: From the British Raj to Monopoly Raj to Swaraj Tapen Sinha CRIS Discussion Paper Series – 2002.X Privatization of the Insurance Market in India: From the British Raj to Monopoly Raj to Swaraj by Tapen Sinha, Ph.D. ING Comercial America Chair Professor Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Mexico City, Mexico and Professor, School of Business University of Nottingham, UK tapen@itam.mx, tapen@nottingham.ac.uk Abstract We examine the institution of insurance in India. Over the past century, Indian insurance industry has gone through big changes. It started as a fully private system with no restriction on foreign participation. After the independence, the industry went to the other extreme. It became a state-owned monopoly. In 1991, when rapid changes took place in many parts of the Indian economy, nothing happened to the institutional structure of insurance: it remained a monopoly. Only in 1999, a new legislation came into effect signaling a change in the insurance industry structure. We examine what might happen in the future when the domestic private insurance companies are allowed to compete with some foreign participation. Because of the time dependence of insurance contracts, it is highly unlikely that these erstwhile monopolies are going to disappear. Acknowledgement: I would like to thank Rebecca Benedict and Samik Dasgupta for their input in this article...
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...outside of our country. E-bay was not prepared for the Asian market. More research should have been done prior to trying to expand in Asian marketing. When E-bay decided to expand in the Asian market, they did not take everything into consideration. More research should have been done in order for E-bay to know how to gain the attention of the Asian marketers. An example of that would be the fact that even though E-bay’s CEO Meg Whitman had spent time in China, she was not prepared to cater to their needs. The Chinese executives had more experience in dealing with the specific needs of Chinese consumers shopping online. Another problem that E-bay didn’t expect was Internet accessibility and the inability of local networks to connect to their site outside of Asian countries. E-bay may have been alright had they just did more research prior to jumping into the market. Because E-bay was having problems with the Internet accessibilities, Chinese students opted to use local companies instead. E-bay is not the only brand image. There are more brands out there, such as Google. When you are competing with others, you want to try and beat their price just enough that you won’t shoot yourself in the foot. E-bay did not have the better deal. Because China is said to be a fast growing and frustratingly tough to crack market, E-bay chose to enter into a joint venture with them. Even though E-bay is a billion dollar global powerhouse in Internet commerce, they have...
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...Robert B. Marks, The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative Value of Book Wonderful synthesis of recent scholarship on Rise of the West literature with an economic and ecological focus. Uses Global Historical Context to address most issues addressed in the Modern World History course. Use as: Teacher background Use isolated quotes/ chapters for all levels Review book at end of AP curriculum for review Questions raised: 1. How did industry and European-style countries called nation-states—rather than highly developed agrarian empires like China and India—come to define our world? 2. How has the gap between rich and poor increased? 3. How and why have European ways of organizing the world come to dominate the globe? 4. Was the Rise of the West a temporary blip? Scope: Global look (but especially Europe, China and India) 1400 -1900 Chapter by chapter breakdown: Intro “In the space of just 200 years, the world has seen a great reversal of fortune: where once Asians held most of the economic cards, today it is primarily Western countries and Japan.” (p. 2) Concepts addressed/ introduced in chapter: Globalization Enlightenment Communism Nation-states French Revolution Weber-Protestant work ethic Disease Industrial Revolution “modernization” Exploration/ Encounter “Progress History” Colonialism Renaissance Capitalism Slavery Modes of Historical Inquiry Comparative units of analysis Definition of Eurocentrism ...
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...was over. The subsequent recovery was weak with persistent high levels of unemployment and inflation which still remained throughout many countries(The Economist.2010). This so called economic crisis caused substantial economic upheaval. Rich countries are no longer dominate the world, while rapid economic growth in Asia is becoming more and more significant. This essay will emphasize that the balance of power will not shift to the East, as India and China develop, and will illustrate the key fact why the West will not regress. An analysis regarding the forecast for both, developing and developed, countries will be provided by looking at: the economic prognoses for Asia, China and India in particular; the potential economic stagnation in rich countries; the evidence suggesting that the balance of power will not shift from West to East. Current economic situation in Asia. Forecast for Chinese and Indian economy. Even The Great Recession in 2007 could not stop sustained takeoff of two countries, which population together accounts one-third of the planets population, India and China. Both countries have been growing steadily for the last two decades, China by 9.5% a year and India by 6%(Bloomberg BusinessWeek.2008). Complementarity makes these countries especially powerful. India keeps amaze the world with design service and precision industry while China stays dominant in mass manufacturing. In other words those Asian giants complemented each other strengths, China controls...
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...Sharita Rogers Natural Science Cluster Dr. J. Kullman April 25, 2013 Air Pollution kills over 1 million in China I found this article titled “Air Pollution Linked to 1.2 Million Premature Deaths in China” in The New York Times on April 1, 2013. I found it interesting because prior to reading this article, I did not know air pollution was such a big problem, particularly in China. Edward Wong, journalist for The New York Times, wrote this article about premature deaths due to outdoor air pollution. According to Wong, air pollution is linked to 1.2 million premature deaths in 2010. This is nearly 40 percent of the global total. Ambient particulate matter pollution was the 4th leading risk factor for deaths in China. A study showed that the growth rate of disclosure of pollution information has slowed; meaning China is not disclosing this information to the public. China needs to figure out how to get a handle on their air pollution problem. China is no stranger to air pollution. According to the article, 350,000 to 400,000 people die prematurely each year because of outdoor air pollution. This is nearly 40 percent of the global total. In 1990, air pollution killed 800,000 people prematurely world wide. India also has densely populated cities that struggle with air population as well. India also had 620,000 premature deaths in 2010. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development stated that “urban air pollution is set to become the top environmental cause of morality...
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