...Very few procedures have caused as much controversy in the medical world as the lobotomy. It is the practice of cutting out portions of the brain in an attempt to calm the patient. With many years of studies and advancements in modern technology, it was found that lobotomies were not as helpful as they once seemed. Due to current knowledge of scientists, the lobotomy is hardly ever used today. The lobotomy happened in 1881 by Friederich Goltz on dogs. According to Osman (2011), when experimenting on the dogs, Goltz found that if part of the brain was removed, the dogs were more subdued. Many psychology experiments start with animals and then eventually move to humans; this is also true for the lobotomy. Gottlieb Burckhardt worked...
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...Historical Report on Race Antrone Vaughn ETH/125 03/24/2013 Christina Tocco Historical Report on Race African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or less commonly Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. The term is not usually used for black residents of other countries in the Americas. African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States (Russell 2011). Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved blacks within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American and South American nations, and their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term. African-American history starts in the 16th century with black Africans forcibly taken to Spanish and English colonies in America as slaves (Russell 2011). After the United States came into being, black people continued to be enslaved and treated as much inferior. These circumstances were changed by Reconstruction, development of the black community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement. In 2008, Barack Obama was the first African-American to be elected president of the United States (Russell 2011). The geographical-origin-based...
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...Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is one of the most revered documents in United States history. In its time, the document effectively freed the slaves but also marked the first step in creating an America with racial equality. Therefore, because of its significance in shaping the ideals of the United States, many people assume that future leaders of the nation would view the Emancipation Proclamation in the same way. However, in looking at speeches made by Franklin Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Barack Obama during some of the most notable time periods in United States history, it becomes evident that presidents did not approach Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in the same way. Instead, circumstances surrounding each particular administration...
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...immigration has definitely been more relevant in my mind but honestly not that important. Maybe it’s because of the fact that the majority of American citizens never think about serious issues outside of the ones that directly affect them. When in reality the issue of immigration is so enormous that it not only affects the United States but the entire world. Throughout the past fifty years there has definitely been events that have changed, shaped and influenced the public opinion and perception of immigration greatly. In 2014, one of these events occurred when United States President Barack Obama decided to implement a major executive action on immigration policy, offering temporary legal status to millions of illegal immigrants, along with an indefinite reprieve from deportation (Ehrenfreund). This significant event now meant that the idea and topic of immigration was currently ever present and may change a vast amount of opinions in our country. In order to understand who we are today as a culture concerning immigration, it is important to know how we came about to our current status. During the 1960s when the civil rights movement was gaining momentum, our country also began to call for a reform of our U.S. immigration policy (Ludden). At this time in history many people were focused on equality as a whole regardless of race. So, it should not be too surprising that the issues of civil rights and immigration basically went hand and hand. Since about the 1920s, the current...
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...Court. The Supreme Court therefore forms part of the Federal Government. The Federal Government played a significant part to change the status of African Americans from 1945 to 1968 in the sense that the Presidents during this period; Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson all started to become more involved in improving Civil Rights for Black Americans and passing acts. Eisenhower passed the Civil rights Act of 1957, Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and there were others which showed African Americans that progress was being made. The Presidents clearly initiated a change in America making sure de jure became de facto. However, there were many flaws in the work of the Federal Government and there were other factors which changed the status for African Americans such as the impact of the Second World War and the actions of the NAACP. President Harry Truman (1945-1953), established a liberal civil rights committee to investigate the violence against blacks. A report was produced called “To Secure These Rights” which underlined the problems that African Americans faced during this period. It said that the USA could not claim to lead the free world if Blacks were not equal. This proved that the Federal Government did play a part in changing the status for Black Americans as a previously racist President was motivated to change the way Blacks were treated which was a big step towards social equality. Moreover, in 1948, Truman ended segregation in the armed forces by signing...
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..."We have the power to make this the best generation of mankind in the history of the world or to make it the last." (John F. Kennedy). Every generation has similarities and differences from the one before, and the one after their time. The people living through that time determines if they will be known for something great. I believe every generation feels a need to leave a positive legacy to pass on. We as people are constantly advancing in social acceptance but where we grow and excel in some areas we start to lack in others. My parents generation and my own have varying differences on political correctness, biracial couples and being entitled. In my generation being politically correct is a must. Small children just entering the education system can tell you what being politically correct means and if what you are saying is correct or not. The media has made such a big deal over what is okay to say and what is not, which leads most people to be worried if they are offending someone. My generation is extremely accepting, women have rights along with African Americans, and gay couples. Most people want everyone to feel like their lives matter and that they are accepted especially minority groups. In order to make everyone feel accepted we have adopted political correctness so we do not offend anyone's choices, beliefs, race, morals, and sexual preferences. Even though being politically correct is important. I believe society is making too big a deal about needing to constantly...
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...U.S. Department of Justice DE PA ME RT NT OF J US CE TI Bureau of Justice Assistance IJ J O F OJJ D P B RO J US T I C E P Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH S G OVC RA MS Office of Justice Programs N BJ A C E I OF F Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH August 1994 NCJ 148457 Bureau of Justice Assistance This document was prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, supported by grant number 93–DD–CX–K005, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance Response Center 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 800–421–6770 The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. ii Monograph Acknowledgments The Bureau of Justice Assistance wishes to thank Stephen J. Gaffigan, Director of Operations, Community Policing Consortium for supervising and coordinating the preparation of this document with the Consortium Management...
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...presidency - Montgomery, Little Rock, Birmingham, the careers of Martin Luther Kingand Stokely Carmichael. However, some very important civil rights issues were covered in his presidency. Truman’s ancestors had owned slaves. His first recollection of African Americans was a household servants within his family - and he did not come from a prosperous family. While he was dating his future wife Bess, she claimed that he told her that he felt that one person was as good as any other as long as they were not black. He also criticised the Chinese in America, the Jews - to whom he referred to as "Kikes" and the Italians in America who he called "wops". Hence, Truman’s background produced what one would have expected and the young Truman would have had the same views as most other youths in Independence. When he got involved in politics at an early age, he did what any aspiring politician did in the South, he paid $10 to join the KKK. Public office changed Truman. Why? Did he feel that America could not claim to be the democratic capital of the world while African Americans were treated thus? Or were his motives political? The African American population was big enough to have some political clout. Was he out to fish for their votes with his adoption of the civil rights cause? Truman and civil rights legislation: Before he became president, Truman show demonstrated that he had some civil rights credentials. In his campaign to be re-elected senator for Missouri, he said the following in...
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...Jet Blue Airways – Crafting and Executing Strategy BUS 599 Dr. Menon Assignment 1 January 15, 2012 Jet Blue Airways – Crafting and Executing Strategy Company Background JetBlue Airways Corporation is an American low-cost airline that was founded by David Neeleman who was born in Brazil during 1959. JetBlue Airways Corporation is headquartered in the New York City borough of Queens and its main base is located at the John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport. Prior to its name JetBlue Airways, David Neeleman founded this company under the name “New Air” and several of the employees who once worked for JetBlue Airways also worked for Southwest Airlines prior to working for JetBlue. During February 2000, JetBlue Airways received formal U.S. authorization to launch its first ceremonial flight between Buffalo and New York City, which then made the John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport its core location. Upon its initial opening, JetBlue Airways aimed to carry some of Southwest Airlines’ different approaches over to its corporation, such as offering low-cost travel; however, JetBlue also wanted to differentiate itself by offering in-flight entertainment, televisions on every seat along with satellite radio and to overall “bring humanity back to air travel, " as Neeleman once stated (JetBlue Airways and Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., & Gamble, J. E., 2010). Over the course of six, rapid years, JetBlue Airways grew to be one of the largest airline...
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...put to death. First efforts to provide education for disabled students were focused on students with sensory problems such as the deaf and blind. During the 19 and early 20th century, schools that were specialized in providing education to students with disability emerged in United States and Europe. The extremely published story of Helen Keller influenced the introduction of education for disabled people in America. In 1887, Anne Sullivan who was Helen’s teacher said that he will not give up in offering education to the deaf and the blind, and she succeeded in teaching a five year old Helen how to communicate (Ashbaker, 2011, p. 25). Prior to 1965, there were no free education services provided to students with serious disabilities. These students were barred from attending school. Most of the students with severe disabilities used to put up in institutions. Many students who had mild disabilities and were not in a position to complete high school without any help did not have any other alternative other than dropping out of school. To appreciate developments that have placed disabled students in normal learning classroom, it is important to understand the legislative history that led to this move. Back in 1954, there was a civil rights case that involving Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education. In this case, parents of black students wanted their children to attend same classes with their white counterparts. They claimed that separate but equal is not equal. The ruling of this...
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...America has tossed its cap over the wall of space. -John F. Kennedy Introduction On February 1st, 2003 seven Americans lost their lives while returning to earth after finishing a mission for mankind. These Americans were aboard the space shuttle Challenger that broke apart during reentry into the earth’s atmosphere and was completely destroyed. After an extensive investigation the cause of the accident was determined to be the result of a hole that was punctured into the leading edge of the aircraft during takeoff (NASA). This hole resulted in an excess heating on the leading edge of the wing and then the failure of the wing. This was just the physical cause of the accident that destroyed the shuttle. There were other aspects of the entire NASA program that could have prevented this from occurring but there were failures in the system. Not one factor contributed Columbia accident, but a combination of factors are the root of the cause. The purpose of this case is to input the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) in the Burke-Litwin model. This is not to reorganize the very through report by CAIB, but to see where the findings can fit in to show how both internal and external factors that affect change within NASA. One of the most important factors to understand with the Burke-Litwin model is that all 12 factors interact and affect each other. NASA just like any other organization can have negative traits that affect positive traits. This relationship is...
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...Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Bombing The Civil Rights Movement contained hundreds of events that affected the lives of millions of blacks and whites. Many people know about the “March on Washington” or MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Some critical events during this time period were not so peaceful or uplifting though. Lots of events included deaths, explosions, bombs, or just plain sadness and tragedy. The events, causes, and results of the Sixteenth Street church bombing, which occurred in the 1960’s, were an important part of the Civil Rights Movement in America. The Birmingham church bombing was a major event in the Civil Rights Movement. On Sunday, September 15th, 1963 a bombing occurred at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. This was the seventh bombing in Birmingham within six months! About 200 members of the church were in the building on this horrific day (History.com 2). Most were going to Sunday school or preparing for the 11am service. Four girls, wearing white, were preparing for their church’s annual youth-day worship service. They were getting ready in a bathroom underneath a staircase. A Caucasian man had been seen getting out of a turquoise Chevrolet and placing a box somewhere around the church earlier this day. At around 10:22 am, a box of fifteen dynamite sticks with a timer hooked to them exploded at the church (Hampton and Fayer 171). The detonation of the bomb happened on the east side of the church, under the...
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...Dubner CONTENTS AN EXPLANATORY NOTE In which the origins of this book are clarified. vii PREFACE TO THE REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION xi 1 INTRODUCTION: The Hidden Side of Everything In which the book’s central idea is set forth: namely, if morality represents how people would like the world to work, then economics shows how it actually does work. Why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong . . . How “experts”— from criminologists to real-estate agents to political scientists—bend the facts . . . Why knowing what to measure, and how to measure it, is the key to understanding modern life . . . What is “freakonomics,” anyway? 1. What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common? 15 In which we explore the beauty of incentives, as well as their dark side—cheating. Contents Who cheats? Just about everyone . . . How cheaters cheat, and how to catch them . . . Stories from an Israeli day-care center . . . The sudden disappearance of seven million American children . . . Cheating schoolteachers in Chicago . . . Why cheating to lose is worse than cheating to win . . . Could sumo wrestling, the national sport of Japan, be corrupt? . . . What the Bagel Man saw: mankind may be more honest than we think. 2. How Is the Ku Klux Klan Like a Group of Real-Estate Agents? 49 In which it is argued that nothing is more powerful than information, especially when its power is abused. Spilling the Ku Klux Klan’s secrets . . . Why experts of every kind are in the perfect position to...
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..."Affirmative Action" was initiated in the early 1960's by President John F. Kennedy in an attempt to improve employment and educational opportunities for people belonging to a minority population ("Affirmative Action"). After the assassination of JFK, Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. This act started a wave of affirmative action that would later impact every American opportunity ("Civil Rights Act"). At the end of the decade businesses across America were enforcing provisions set forth by the Civil Rights Act, along with other legal enforcements that assisted minority groups of race, disability, gender, ethnicity and age. Though he was against the idea of meeting quotas in the workplace, President Richard Nixon in 1969 used the city of Philadelphia as a test when he "required federal contractors to show "affirmative action" to meet the goals of increasing minority employment" (Brunner). The quotas also found a way into the federally funded educational institutions as by this time numerous regulations had been initiated insisting the entrance of minority group members (Eisaguirre 2). While there were many supporters of affirmative action who saw this as the only way to change the historically discriminative American society, many others saw a trend of reverse discrimination in the nation (Eisaguirre 3). Although I believe that the plan of affirmative action has been beneficial to attain equal rights in our society, I don't think that these ideas can...
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...Can any one person wear seven hats? Yes, that person being the president of the United States of America. This is a result of the varying nature of the issues he is required to act on. Now, knowing this it is of no surprise that the president needs help sometimes and usually that help comes from studying past presidents’ actions. For example, immigration reform is frequently addressed by presidents making some form of executive action. This is an outcome of the last ten presidents having simply looked at what their predecessor had done and then mimicking his practices. Those doing this however, have created a cycle that must be ended because executive action in the United States is an ineffective course of reforming immigration. The aforementioned,...
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