...is on the digital history (see course home page) **You will be tested on all of this material on the respective quizzes Native Americans (Read this for quiz 1) “ The First Americans” (Not a link…go to the assigned website) European Society (Read this for quiz 1) Colonial Era/Exploration and Discovery The Significance of 1492 European Commercial and Financial Expansion Slavery and Spanish Colonization The Meaning of America The Black Legend Colonial Era/17th Century (Read below for quiz 1) European Colonization North of Mexico Spanish Colonization English Settlement Colonial Era/17 century (Read below for quiz 2) English Colonization Begins Life in Early Virginia Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia Founding New England The Puritans The Puritan Idea of the Covenant Regional Contrasts Dimensions of Change in Colonial New England The Salem Witch Scare Slavery in the Colonial North Struggles for Power in Colonial America Diversity in Colonial America The Middle Colonies: New York Fear of Slave Revolts The Middle Colonies: William Penn’s Holy Commonwealth The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia Colonial Administration (Read below for quiz 2) No readings th Road to Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Colonial America/18th Century The The The The The The Emergence of New Ideas about Personal Liberties and Constitutional Rights Great Awakening Seven Years’ War Rise of Antislavery Sentiment Fate of Native Americans Road to Revolution American Revolution (Read for quiz 3)...
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...History of the United States I AMH 1010 CRN 10800, December 1, 2014 Wood, Gordon. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. Vintage Books, a Division of Random House, Inc., New York, 1991 Gordon Wood describes the American Revolution as a journey from paternal colonialism to an egalitarian democracy. His contention is that the American Revolution does not seem to have the same kinds of causes that Revolutions usually display. There were no big social wrongs, no class conflict, no severe poverty, or gross inequitable distribution of wealth. Wood claims our revolution was not about independence as most history books claim but about the radical transformation of the American society. Monarchy In this section the author describes the structure of colonial America in the 1750s and 1760s. In colonial society, authority and liberty flowed from the structure of personal relationships. Society was held together by networks of personal loyalties, obligations and dependencies. In this hierarchical society, the elite or aristocrats ruled. The aristocrats (also called gentlemen) used their wealth and their hereditary advantages to keep the common people as dependents. The aristocrats lived a life of leisure which meant that they were not expected to labor. Their income was supposed to come from their landed estates. They used these landed estates to control the issuance of government offices and created laws that would keep their estates in the family. Most estates were passed on to...
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...HISTORY 1500 WINTER 2014 RESEARCH ESSAY TOPICS 1. Select a crusade and discuss the extent to which it accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution...
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...Subsequent Events “The global struggle between the French and British Empire influenced certain key events in history from 1750 to 1805. These events including the French and Indian war, by the seven year war, the American Revolution, the French Revolution and it's impact on American domestic and foreign policies, and the Louisiana purchase and it's consequences.” Colonial era diplomacy focused on the European balance of power. The competition between the French and the British often influenced the course of events in the North American colonies. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775 For almost three centuries, the European colonial powers of France and Great Britain, maintained...
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...Paper 1 Anuja Desai A40292504 In the history of the world, many wars and revolutions have taken place in order to achieve rights which belong to every person. Out of these, the rights to liberty and equality have always been the prime focus. This was the case in the American Revolution as well. After gaining independence these rights were highlighted in various documents like The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Some people believe that these documents did not really help groups such as the African-Americans or women to get equal status in the society even though it was stated that equality and liberty are every individual’s rights. However, over the years, these documents have been used by many groups in order to fight for what they believe are their rights. So how did these documents help the struggle of such groups? Before the revolution, the American society was colonial. In this society there were different classes and sections. The rights varied from section and class as well as gender and race. The rich and upper class men enjoyed more privileges and rights than the workers and servants. Women had considerably less liberties as compared to a man in the colonial society. They were not allowed to work and were required to look after the family. They were expected to behave in a womanly fashion. Women had to listen to the patriarch of the family and were not included in making decisions. They were expected to do as they were...
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...1 Dr. Travis Ricketts History of the United States I/Challenge III November 3, 2015 Liberalism and the American Revolution "Liberalism and the American Revolution" is an essay written in 1976 by Joyce Appleby, esteemed Professor of History at University of California, Los Angeles. Her work describes many ideas and historical events that took place in the three quarters of a century leading up to the American Revolution. She notes how the early settler’s beliefs, attitudes, and values changed both about themselves in this new land and the ideal future they envisioned for their families. What I would like to focus on however, is how she describes the colonial American's shift from servitude, to patriotism, and just some...
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...17 Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes 1750–1914 MARGIN REVIEW QUESTIONS Q. In what ways did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to the Atlantic revolutions? • The Enlightenment promoted the idea that human political and social arrangements could be engineered, and improved, by human action. • New ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, human rationality, popular sovereignty, natural rights, the consent of the governed, and social contracts developed during the Enlightenment, providing the intellectual underpinnings of the Atlantic revolutions. Q. What was revolutionary about the American Revolution, and what was not? • The American Revolution was revolutionary in that it marked a decisive political change. • It was not revolutionary in that it sought to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than to create new ones. Q. How did the French Revolution differ from the American Revolution? • While the American Revolution expressed the tensions of a colonial relationship with a distant imperial power, the French insurrection was driven by sharp conflicts within French society. • The French Revolution, especially during its first five years, was a much more violent, far-reaching, and radical movement than its American counterpart. • The French revolutionaries perceived themselves as starting from scratch in recreating the social order, while the Americans sought to restore...
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...Crystal Chance Professor Mendenhall History 201 Reaction Paper 5 February 23, 2014 Changes in Imperial British policies played a big part in the coming American Revolution. However, the rich elites of America sought to rebel against the British for their own purposes. The rich did not enjoy the fact that the British began imposing new taxes on their products, and they saw it as a way to cut into their profits. The British implemented such taxes on the colonies because they were in turn losing profits due to underground smuggling and trading outside the ranks of the mother country. The British were losing control of the colonies to the more educated well-off men, which used the power of persuasion to sway the lower class of colonists to gain an upper hand over the British. Even though the lower classes of people were doing fine under British rule, the rich Americans knew if they were not onboard then the liberty the rich wanted would be unattainable. This led to many rebellions against the British, but not all of which came from the elite. With that being said, the rich educated men of America used forms of propaganda to bring people to their side. Promises of liberty and equality sounded good to the people. The common folk saw a way to receive more rights under a local government rather than Imperial British control. The Molasses Act was put into place by the British to defer trade with the French for sugar, but this tax did not stop the smuggling of the main product...
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...THE CAUSES AND EFFECT OF THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION The Haitian Revolution represents the most thorough case study of revolutionary change anywhere in the history of the modern world. In ten years of sustained internal and international warfare, a colony populated predominantly by plantation slaves overthrew both its colonial status and its economic system and established a new political state of entirely free individuals—with some ex-slaves constituting the new political authority. As only the second state to declare its independence in the Americas, Haiti had no viable administrative models to follow. The British North Americans who declared their independence in 1776 left slavery intact, and theirs was more a political revolution than a social and economic one. The success of Haiti against all odds made social revolutions a sensitive issue among the leaders of political revolt elsewhere in the Americas during the final years of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth century. Yet the genesis of the Haitian Revolution cannot be separated from the wider concomitant events of the later eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Indeed, the period between 1750 and 1850 represented an age of spontaneous, interrelated revolutions, and events in Saint Domingue/Haiti constitute an integral—though often overlooked—part of the history of that larger sphere. These multi-faceted revolutions combined to alter the way individuals and groups saw themselves and their place in...
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...War of Independence or a Revolution? It should be understood that without understanding the causes, course, and consequences of the American Revolution, one cannot grasp the history of the United State. The American Revolution was the political commotion during the end of the eighteenth century. The thirteen North American colonies united to break free of the British Empire and become a new nation; The United State of America. A revolution can be defined as, the change in power or the constitution stirring in a relatively short period of time. Aristotle described revolution as complete change from one constitution to another (Sinclair 190). And this is precisely what happened two centuries ago in the United State. But the question needed to be answered is, was the American War of Independence really a war for independence or a revolution? The American War of Independence (1775–1783) was a climax in the political American Revolution rather than just a war for independence, ideologically influenced by the Enlightenment philosophers and writers of the Great Britain. Benjamin Rush remarked in 1787, "The American war is over, but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed." 2 This drama staged in the Pennsylvania State House in summer of 1776 remains the only most important chapter in the archives of American Revolution. Although, the political atmosphere in France...
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...Most Americans nowadays like to think that they have the American Revolution pretty well figured out. Conventional wisdom starts the saga in 1763 when Britain, saddled with debt at the close of the Seven Years' War, levied new taxes that prompted her American colonists to resist, and then to reject, imperial rule. Having declared independence and defeated the British, American patriots then drafted the constitution that remains the law of the land to this day. With George Washington's inauguration as president in 1789, the story has a happy ending and the curtain comes down. This time-honored script renders the road from colonies to nation clear, smooth, and straight, with familiar landmarks along the way, from Boston's Massacre and Tea Party through Lexington and Concord, then on to Bunker Hill and Yorktown before reaching its destination: Philadelphia in 1787, where the Founders invented a government worthy of America's greatness. Those Founders are equally familiar. Washington and Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and James Madison, Sam and John Adams, Patrick Henry and Alexander Hamilton: in the popular mind this band of worthies, more marble monuments than mere mortals, guides America towards its grand destiny with a sure and steady hand. "[F]or the vast majority of contemporary Americans," writes historian Joseph Ellis, the birth of this nation is shrouded by "a golden haze or halo."(1) So easy, so tame, so much "a land of foregone conclusions" does America's Revolution...
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...American Revolution The American Revolution is a war to reckon with and was actually a significant event in the history of American and basically, if there was no revolutionary war the United States of America may not have been in existence. The American Revolution brought an end to the two centuries of British rule for most of the North American colonies and brought the modern U.S.A. The American Revolution was all about people that got tired of the stress of paying for big government and that made the people revolt about the tax. Regardless of Peoples different opinions and the failures, the Revolution brought about change to the world, in terms of launching a global Age of Revolutions. The war actually made Americans see themselves as Americans, not as Britons who lived in America. In my own opinion, I believe that so many things caused the revolution, Firstly the economic situation, there was dissatisfaction of the unlimited power and authority, which made the colonies not to run their own economy to bloom, and also not allowing the colonials print legal tender money, and any other monies printed was not considered legal by the King, and this made it very hard to pay royal taxes. The colonist was also very disturbed and angry about the taxes imposed on them by England, so as to pay off the French Indian War debt. . They had no representation in that body and hence no way to limit those taxes. Also the colonists could no longer tolerate the taxation without representation...
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...Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. | 1421-15211492-1504 1541- 1937 | Aztec Indians: They were located in central Mexico and they spoke Nahuati language. In 1520-1521 Small pox hit, between 10% and 5o% of population was affected. The government was a system of tribute. They believed in human sacrifice. Eastern woodland cultures were along the Atlantic coast mostly during the summer time. During winter they were forced to diverse because of how many people to be fed and the weather. They were mostly small villages during the summer time. The English settlers were most likely to encounter the Algonquian-Speaking Indians. They were the Plains Indian and they were located where Kanas, Oklahoma, and Texas. They had villages up to 20 houses. For their government they had council circles but it is unclear what they actually did. | 2) The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. | 1492-1810 | There were many affects from the British colonization on native Americans. They were forced to be slaves if they did not die from diseases, because not having freedom they decided to kill them self or if it was a women were pregnant they had abortions. | 3) The evolution of the socio-political milieu during the colonial period, including Protestant Christianity’s impact on colonial social life. |...
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...What is the ‘Georgian worldview’ and how has this concept influenced the archaeology of eighteenth-century North America? The ‘Georgian worldview’ is a theory that uses a study of cultural development to determine the thoughts of the eighteenth-century North Americans. It was initiated by James Deetz in his first edition of In Small Things Forgotten (1977). The term encapsulates Deetz’s structuralism-based idea that the evident alteration within English material culture and landscape design was more than a change in style, but a universal change in human consciousness—from medieval to modern—and this extended across the Atlantic despite the colony’s increasing political distance from the homeland (Deetz, 1996: 62-63; 2003: 221). Deetz believed that shared artefact form reflected shared thought (2003: 220). The theory has enabled historical archaeologists to recognise a distinctive shift in many areas of material culture which subsequently encouraged a succession of scholars to further this idea by posing key questions: why did the worldview develop, where else was a Georgian worldview visible, how did it present itself in areas outside New England? In the quest for answers to these questions, archaeologists have developed the concept which accordingly shaped interpretations of the material discoveries of eighteenth-century North America. Deetz’s model for the cultural development of New England illustrates that following an interval (1660-1760) of limited English...
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...XXXWHAT IS THE QUESTION?XXX Europeans did not respect Native Americans, as they were known as savages, and pathetic, yet semi-meaningless footnotes to American history. However, without Indians the Pilgrims would have died in that first winter, they would have not figured out trade specification, various healing medicines, or route passages. If the Caribbean, Central and South America was unpopulated the Spaniards would have not found mines leaving tons of gold and silver un-discovered, along with the knowledge and labor of the Indians would have been almost impossible without the indians labor and knowledge of the land for the mines would have never been discovered.XXXXDOES NOT MAKE SENSE-PLEASE RE-WRITEXXXXXX. The Spanish would have stumbled...
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